Wear and frictional performance of betelnut fibre-reinforced polyester composite

Article

Gill, N. Singh and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Wear and frictional performance of betelnut fibre-reinforced polyester composite." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 223 (2), pp. 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET516
Article Title

Wear and frictional performance of betelnut fibre-reinforced polyester composite

ERA Journal ID3713
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsGill, N. Singh (Author) and Yousif, B. F. (Author)
Journal TitleProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology
Journal Citation223 (2), pp. 183-194
Number of Pages12
Year2009
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN1350-6501
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET516
Web Address (URL)http://journals.pepublishing.com/content/q46640670xv8/?p=d8bee6d47d1248cb9289395941d73804&pi=15
Abstract

[Abstract]:
The current work is an attempt to use betelnut fibres as reinforcement for tribopolyester composite. The composite was fabricated using hand lay-up technique. It consists
of 13 layers of randomly distributed betelnut fibre mats and 15 layers of polyester. Wear and frictional behaviours of the compositewere studied against a polished stainless steel counterface using a newly developed block-on-disc machine.Testswere conducted at 2.8 m/s sliding velocity,
different applied loads (5–30 N), and sliding distances (0–6.72 km). In addition, the orientation of the fibre mats, with respect to the sliding direction of the counterface, was considered, i.e. antiparallel (AP-O), parallel (P-O), and normal (N-O).The wornsurface morphology was studied using a scanning electron microscope. Optical microscopy was used to observe the wear track surface on the counterface. In addition, the modifications on the counterface roughness were studied. This work revealed that the presence of betelnut fibre in the matrix, namely P-O, enhanced the wear and frictional performance of the polyester by about 98 and 73 per cent. Applied load has
less effect on the specific wear rate and friction coefficient of the composite, especially in P-O
and AP-O. The composite behaved differently in N-O in which the wear and friction increased when the applied load and sliding distance increased. The composite exhibited higher wear performance in P-O compared with AP-O followed by N-O. In N-O, poor support of the fibres to the resinous was observed, i.e delamination, pullout, and breakage in the fibres. In AP-O, the wear mechanism was predominated by plastic deformation, micro- and macro-cracks in the resinous regions associated with pullout, and breakage of the fibre. In P-O, debonding of fibres was the main wear mechanism.

Keywordsbetelnut fibre, polyester composite, mat orientations, wear and frictional
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401610. Timber, pulp and paper
401699. Materials engineering not elsewhere classified
401606. Glass
401708. Tribology
401608. Organic semiconductors
401702. Dynamics, vibration and vibration control
401609. Polymers and plastics
401707. Solid mechanics
Public Notes

Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions.

Byline AffiliationsMultimedia University, Malaysia
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/9zz13/wear-and-frictional-performance-of-betelnut-fibre-reinforced-polyester-composite

Log in to edit
  • 1948
    total views
  • 12
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

On the Influence of Engine Compression Ratio on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Fueled with Biodiesel Extracted from Waste Cooking Oil
Alotaibi, Jasem Ghanem, Alajmi, Ayedh Eid, Alsaeed, Talal, Al-Lwayzy, Saddam H. and Yousif, Belal F.. 2024. "On the Influence of Engine Compression Ratio on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Fueled with Biodiesel Extracted from Waste Cooking Oil." Energies. 17 (15). https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153844
Theoretical study of the effect of orientations and fibre volume on the thermal insulation capability of reinforced polymer composites
Shalwan, Abdullah, Alajmi, Abdalrahman and Yousif, Belal. 2024. "Theoretical study of the effect of orientations and fibre volume on the thermal insulation capability of reinforced polymer composites." Reviews on Advanced Materials Science. 63 (1). https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2023-0190
Finite element analysis and experimental validation of polymer–metal contacts in block-on-ring configuration
Awwad, K. Y. Eayal, Fallahnezhad, Khosro, Yousif, B. F., Mostafa, Ahmad, Alajarmeh, Omar, Shalwan, A. and Zeng, Xuesen. 2024. "Finite element analysis and experimental validation of polymer–metal contacts in block-on-ring configuration." Friction. 12 (3), pp. 554-568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-023-0795-x
Revolutionizing procurement: Unveiling next-gen supplier strategies in UAE's oil & gas sector
Alhammadi, Ali, Yusaf, Talal, Soar, Jeffrey, Ali, Bashar Mahmood, Kadirgama, Kumaran and Yousif, Belal F. 2024. "Revolutionizing procurement: Unveiling next-gen supplier strategies in UAE's oil & gas sector." The Extractive Industries and Society. 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2024.101428
Investigation on Three-Body Abrasion Resistance of Mild Steel Soil Slurry Condition-Simulating Agricultural Condition
Alsaeed, Talal, Alajmi, Ayedh Eid, Alotaibi, Jasem Ghanem and Yousif, Belal F.. 2023. "Investigation on Three-Body Abrasion Resistance of Mild Steel Soil Slurry Condition-Simulating Agricultural Condition." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5616909
Investigating the lap shear adhesion of coir and glass-fibre reinforced epoxy bonding to mild steel with varying volume fractions
Alajmi, Ayedh Eid, Alsaeed, Talal, Alotaibi, Jasem Ghanem, Srelam, Jayanth Kumar and Yousif, Belal F.. 2023. "Investigating the lap shear adhesion of coir and glass-fibre reinforced epoxy bonding to mild steel with varying volume fractions." Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2023.1232643
Abrasive Wear Performance of Coir Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite
Shalwana, A., Mallampati, S. and Yousif, Belal. 2023. "Abrasive Wear Performance of Coir Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite." Tribology in Industry. 45 (3), pp. 532-541. https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1500.06.23.07
Tribological and mechanical performances of newly developed eco-epoxy composites incorporating flax fibres and graphene nanoplatelets
Awwad, KY Eayal, Yousif, BF, Mostafa, Ahmad, Alajarmeh, Omar and Zeng, Xuesen. 2023. "Tribological and mechanical performances of newly developed eco-epoxy composites incorporating flax fibres and graphene nanoplatelets." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 42 (17-18), p. 939–952. https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844221143451
Machinability of Polymeric Composites and Future Reinforcements — A Review
Shalwan, Abdullah, Alsaeed, Talal and Yousif, Belal. 2022. "Machinability of Polymeric Composites and Future Reinforcements — A Review." Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering. 10 (5), pp. 40-72. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2022.105004
Theoretical Study of the Effect of Fibre Porosity on the Heat Conductivity of Reinforced Gypsum Composite Material
Shalwan, A., Alajmi, Abdalrahman and Yousif, B. F.. 2022. "Theoretical Study of the Effect of Fibre Porosity on the Heat Conductivity of Reinforced Gypsum Composite Material." Polymers. 14 (19), pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14193973
A Comprehensive Review on Efficiency Enhancement of Solar Collectors Using Hybrid Nanofluids
Mahamude, Abu Shadate Faisal, Kamarulzaman, Muhamad Kamal, Harun, Wan Sharuzi Wan, Kadirgama, Kumaran, Ramasamy, Devarajan, Farhana, Kaniz, Bakar, Rosli Abu, Yusaf, Talal, Subramanion, Sivarao and Yousif, Belal. 2022. "A Comprehensive Review on Efficiency Enhancement of Solar Collectors Using Hybrid Nanofluids." Energies. 15 (4), pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041391
Hydrogen Energy Demand Growth Prediction and Assessment (2021–2050) Using a System Thinking and System Dynamics Approach
Yusaf, Talal, Laimon, Mohamd, Alrefae, Waleed, Kadirgama, Kumaran, Al Dhahad, Hayder, Ramasamy, Devarajan, Kamarulzaman, Mohd Kamal and Yousif, Belal. 2022. "Hydrogen Energy Demand Growth Prediction and Assessment (2021–2050) Using a System Thinking and System Dynamics Approach." Applied Sciences. 12 (2), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020781
Tribological behavior of mild steel under canola biolubricant conditions
Shalwan, A., Yousif, B. F., Alajmi, F. H. and Alajmi, M.. 2021. "Tribological behavior of mild steel under canola biolubricant conditions." Advances in Tribology. 2021, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3795831
Tribological studies of bamboo fibre reinforced epoxy composites using a BOD technique
Alajmi, Ayedh Eid, Alotaibi, Jasem Gh., Yousif, B. F. and Nirmal, Umar. 2021. "Tribological studies of bamboo fibre reinforced epoxy composites using a BOD technique." Polymers. 13 (15). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152444
Epoxy and polyester composites’ characteristics under tribological loading conditions
Alotaibi, Jasem Ghanem, Alajmi, Ayedh Eid, Mehoub, Gabrel A. and Yousif, Belal F.. 2021. "Epoxy and polyester composites’ characteristics under tribological loading conditions." Polymer. 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13142230
Tribological Performance of Materials Under Bio-Three Body Abrasion
Alotaibi, Jasem G., Omer, Ako K., Salih, Nbhan D. and Yousif, Belal F.. 2020. "Tribological Performance of Materials Under Bio-Three Body Abrasion." American Journal of Applied Sciences. 17 (1), pp. 161-170. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2020.161.170
Effect of Fibre Content on Compressive and Flexural Properties of Coconut Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Alotaibi, Jasem G., Alajmi, Ayedh Eid, Yousif, Belal F. and Salih, Nbhan D.. 2020. "Effect of Fibre Content on Compressive and Flexural Properties of Coconut Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites." American Journal of Applied Sciences. 17 (1), pp. 141-155. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2020.141.155
Physical and mechanical properties of bamboo fibre/polyester composites subjected to moisture and hygrothermal conditions
Azwa, Z. N. and Yousif, B. F.. 2019. "Physical and mechanical properties of bamboo fibre/polyester composites subjected to moisture and hygrothermal conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials, Design and Applications. 233 (6). https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420717704221
Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Mechanical Properties and Adhesive Wear Performance of Epoxy-Based Composites
Eayal Awwad, K. Y., Yousif, B. F., Fallahnezhad, Khosro, Saleh, Khalid and Zeng, Xuesen. 2021. "Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Mechanical Properties and Adhesive Wear Performance of Epoxy-Based Composites." Friction. 9 (4), pp. 856-875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0453-5
Tribological investigation of frictional behaviour of mild steel under canola bio-lubricant conditions
Shalwan, A., Yousif, B. F., Alajmi, F. H., Alrashdana, K. R. and Alajmi, M.. 2020. "Tribological investigation of frictional behaviour of mild steel under canola bio-lubricant conditions." Tribology in Industry. 42 (3), pp. 481-493. https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.895.05.20.09
The influence of emulsified water fuel containing fresh water microalgae on diesel engine performance, combustion, vibration and emission
Al-lwayzy, Saddam H., Yusaf, Talal, Saleh, Khalid and Yousif, Belal. 2019. "The influence of emulsified water fuel containing fresh water microalgae on diesel engine performance, combustion, vibration and emission." Energies. 12 (13), pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12132546
Toughening of brittle polyester with functionalized halloysite nanocomposites
Albdiry, M. T. and Yousif, B. F.. 2019. "Toughening of brittle polyester with functionalized halloysite nanocomposites." Composites Part B: Engineering. 160, pp. 94-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.032
The influence of fibre orientation on tribological performance of jute fibre reinforced epoxy composites considering different mat orientations
Alshammari, F. Z., Saleh, K. H., Yousif, B. F., Alajmi, A., Shalwan, A. and Alotaibi, J. G.. 2018. "The influence of fibre orientation on tribological performance of jute fibre reinforced epoxy composites considering different mat orientations." Tribology in Industry. 40 (3), pp. 335-348. https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.2018.40.03.01
Fracture behaviour of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Khan, Ziaullah, Yousif, B. F. and Islam, Mainul. 2017. "Fracture behaviour of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites." Composites Part B: Engineering. 116, pp. 186-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.02.015
SI: materials, design and tribology
Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "SI: materials, design and tribology." Materials and Design. 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.01.009
Wear and frictional behaviour of metals
Alotaibi, J. G., Yousif, B. F. and Yusaf, T. F.. 2014. "Wear and frictional behaviour of metals." Kida, Katsuyuki (ed.) 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials and Engineering Materials (ICAMEM 2013). Singapore 14 - 15 Dec 2013 Zurich, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.893.430
An investigation on tensile, compression and flexural properties of natural fibre reinforced polyester composites
Yousif, B. F., Jye, W. K. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "An investigation on tensile, compression and flexural properties of natural fibre reinforced polyester composites." 2007 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2007). Seattle, United States of America 11 - 15 Nov 2007 Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Investigation on interfacial adhesion of date palm/epoxy using fragmentation technique
Shalwan, A. and Yousif, B. F.. 2014. "Investigation on interfacial adhesion of date palm/epoxy using fragmentation technique." Materials and Design. 53, pp. 928-937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.083
Experimental investigation on the interfacial adhesion of date palm fibres with epoxy matrix
Alsaeed, T., Alajmi, A., Yousif, B. F., Ku, H. and Lau, Alan Kin-tak. 2012. "Experimental investigation on the interfacial adhesion of date palm fibres with epoxy matrix." Heslehurst, Rikard Benton and Byrne, Ann (ed.) Composites Australia and the CRC for Advanced Composite Structures Conference 2012: Diversity in Composites. Leura, Australia 15 - 16 Mar 2012 Melbourne, Australia.
Natural fibers and their characterization
Azwa, Z. N., Yousif, B. F., Manalo, A. C. and Karunasena, W.. 2016. "Natural fibers and their characterization." Campilho, R. D. S. G. (ed.) Natural fiber composites. Boca Raton, FL, United States. CRC Press. pp. 35-64
Biolubricants and the potential of waste cooking oil
Alotaibi, J. G. and Yousif, B. F.. 2016. "Biolubricants and the potential of waste cooking oil." Davim, J. Paulo (ed.) Ecotribology, research developments. Switzerland. Springer. pp. 125-143
Two-body abrasion of bamboo fibre/epoxy composites
Oun, A. and Yousif, B. F.. 2016. "Two-body abrasion of bamboo fibre/epoxy composites." Davim, J. Paulo (ed.) Ecotribology, research developments. Switzerland. Springer. pp. 145-172
Influence of metal coating on sorghum milling process subjected to three body abrasion
Al-Sandooq, Jaafar Mahdi, Yousif, Belal and Jensen, T. A.. 2015. "Influence of metal coating on sorghum milling process subjected to three body abrasion." International Journal of Precision Technology. 5 (1), pp. 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPTECH.2015.069972
Editor's introduction to special theme issue [of International Journal of Precision Technology]: Precision engineering and tribology
Yousif, Belal. 2015. "Editor's introduction to special theme issue [of International Journal of Precision Technology]: Precision engineering and tribology." International Journal of Precision Technology. 5 (1).
Brass, aluminium, and mild steel sliding against stainless steel under dry conditions
Alotaibi, J. G., Yousif, B. F. and Yusaf, T. F.. 2015. "Brass, aluminium, and mild steel sliding against stainless steel under dry conditions." International Journal of Precision Technology. 5 (2), pp. 85-96.
Multimedia resources in engineering
Yousif, B. F., Basson, Marita and Hobohm, Carola. 2014. "Multimedia resources in engineering." Davim, J. Paulo (ed.) Modern mechanical engineering: research, development and education. Heidelberg, Germany. Springer. pp. 449-461
Wear behaviour and mechanism of different metals sliding against stainless steel counterface
Alotaibi, J. G., Yousif, B. F. and Yusaf, T. F.. 2014. "Wear behaviour and mechanism of different metals sliding against stainless steel counterface." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 228 (6), pp. 692-704. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650114527072
Effect of SiC addition on mechanical and wear characteristics of WC-32(W-Ti)C-6Co cemented carbides
Albdiry, M. T. and Yousif, B. F.. 2014. "Effect of SiC addition on mechanical and wear characteristics of WC-32(W-Ti)C-6Co cemented carbides." International Journal of Precision Technology. 4 (1/2), pp. 110-121. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPTECH.2014.060611
Role of silanized halloysite nanotubes on structural, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of thermoset nanocomposites
Albdiry, M. T. and Yousif, B. F.. 2014. "Role of silanized halloysite nanotubes on structural, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of thermoset nanocomposites." Materials and Design. 57, pp. 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.12.017
Influence of date palm fibre and graphite filler on mechanical and wear characteristics of epoxy composites
Shalwan, A. and Yousif, B. F.. 2014. "Influence of date palm fibre and graphite filler on mechanical and wear characteristics of epoxy composites." Materials and Design. 59, pp. 264-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.066
Kenaf fibers for tribo-thermoplastic composites
Singh, Narish, Rilling, Dirk and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "Kenaf fibers for tribo-thermoplastic composites." Ghia, Urmila (ed.) 2009 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2009). Florida, United States of America 13 - 19 Nov 2009 United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2009-10167
New technique measuring film thickness for tribological machines
Al-Haddad, A. A., Salih, Nbhan D., Wen, Chin Chee, Yusaf, T. F. and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "New technique measuring film thickness for tribological machines." 2009 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2009). Florida, United States of America 13 - 19 Nov 2009 United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2009-10160
Design of film thickness instrument for fibre polymer composites tribological experiments
Yousif, B. F., Al-Haddad, A., Alotaibi, J. GH. and Yusaf, T. F.. 2014. "Design of film thickness instrument for fibre polymer composites tribological experiments." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 9 (2), pp. 154-166.
High-stress three-body abrasive wear of treated and untreated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester composites
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2008. "High-stress three-body abrasive wear of treated and untreated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 222 (5), pp. 637-646. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET412
On the effect of roller materials on the power window mechanism from a tribological perspective
Chee, S. B., Shalabi, Ammar Al, Chin, C. W. and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "On the effect of roller materials on the power window mechanism from a tribological perspective." 2008 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2008). Boston, United States of America 31 Oct - 06 Nov 2008 New York, NY. United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2008-66112
On the mechanical properties of a treated betelnut fibre-reinforced polyester composite
Yousif, B. F. and Nirmal, U.. 2010. "On the mechanical properties of a treated betelnut fibre-reinforced polyester composite." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 224 (9), pp. 1805-1814. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544062JMES1943
Framework for orienting engineering undergraduate final year projects towards new product innovation process
Al-Shalabi, Ammar, Chee, S. B., Singh, Narish and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Framework for orienting engineering undergraduate final year projects towards new product innovation process." Soliman, Khalid S. (ed.) 10th Conference on Innovation and Knowledge Management in Business Globalization (IBIMA 2008). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 30 Jun - 01 Jul 2008 Norristown, PA. United States.
The effect of treatment on tribo-performance of CFRP composites
Yousif, Belal F., Leong, Ong B., Ong, Low K. and Jye, Wong K.. 2009. "The effect of treatment on tribo-performance of CFRP composites." Recent Patents on Materials Science. 2 (1), pp. 67-74. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874464810902010067
Wear and friction characteristics of CGRP composite under wet contact condition using two different test techniques
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2008. "Wear and friction characteristics of CGRP composite under wet contact condition using two different test techniques." Wear. 265 (5-6), pp. 856-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.01.016
Machinability of glass/date palm fibre epoxy composites
Alsaeed, T. and Yousif, B. F.. 2014. "Machinability of glass/date palm fibre epoxy composites." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials. 16 (2), pp. 129-150. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMM.2014.064685
Correlation between frictional force, interface temperature and specific wear rate of fibre polymer composites
Arhaim, Y. H, Shalwan, A. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Correlation between frictional force, interface temperature and specific wear rate of fibre polymer composites." Advanced Materials Research. 685 (685), pp. 45-49. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.685.45
In state of art: mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymeric composites based on natural fibres
Shalwan, A. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "In state of art: mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymeric composites based on natural fibres." Materials and Design. 48, pp. 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.014
Fracture toughness and toughening mechanisms of unsaturated polyester-based clay nanocomposites
Albdiry, Mushtaq T., Yousif, Belal F. and Ku, Harry. 2013. "Fracture toughness and toughening mechanisms of unsaturated polyester-based clay nanocomposites." 13th International Conference on Fracture (ICF 2013). Beijing, China 16 - 21 Jun 2013 Anhui, China.
A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres
Azwa, Z. N., Yousif, B. F., Manalo, A. C. and Karunasena, W.. 2013. "A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres." Materials and Design. 47, pp. 424-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.11.025
Performance analysis of journal bearings using ultrasonic reflection
Kasolang, S., Ahmed, Diyar I., Dwyer-Joyce, R. S. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Performance analysis of journal bearings using ultrasonic reflection." Tribology International. 64, pp. 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.02.012
Sustainable composites
Yousif, Belal F., Islam, Md Mainul and Salit, Mohd Sapuan. 2013. "Sustainable composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/142718
Impact fracture behaviour of silane-treated halloysite nanotubes-reinforced unsaturated polyester
Albdiry, M. T., Ku, H. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Impact fracture behaviour of silane-treated halloysite nanotubes-reinforced unsaturated polyester." Engineering Failure Analysis. 35, pp. 718-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.06.027
Characteristics of kenaf fibre/epoxy composites subjected to thermal degradation
Azwa, Z. N. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Characteristics of kenaf fibre/epoxy composites subjected to thermal degradation." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 98 (12), pp. 2752-2759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.10.008
Fuzzy logic based model to predict maximum oil-film pressure in journal bearing
Ahmed, Diyar I., Kasolang, S., Khidhir, Basim A. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Fuzzy logic based model to predict maximum oil-film pressure in journal bearing." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 6 (20), pp. 3871-3878.
Thermal degredation study of kenaf fibre/epoxy composites using thermo gravimetric analysis
Azwa, Z. N. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Thermal degredation study of kenaf fibre/epoxy composites using thermo gravimetric analysis." 3rd Malaysian Postgraduate Conference (MPC 2013). Sydney, Australia 04 - 05 Jul 2013 Sydney, Australia.
Adhesive wear characteristics of natural fiber-reinforced composites
Yousif, Belal F.. 2012. "Adhesive wear characteristics of natural fiber-reinforced composites." Davim, J. Paulo (ed.) Wear of advanced materials. London, United Kingdom. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 61-97
The potential of using date palm fibres as reinforcement for polymeric composites
Alsaeed, T., Yousif, B. F. and Ku, H.. 2013. "The potential of using date palm fibres as reinforcement for polymeric composites." Materials and Design. 43, pp. 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.061
Tensile properties of bagasse reinforced epoxy composites
Trada, M., Mandava, J., Ku, H. and Yousif, B.. 2012. "Tensile properties of bagasse reinforced epoxy composites." Jaafar, M., Azura, A. R., Leong, K. H. and Leong, A. Y. L. (ed.) 8th Asian-Australasian Conference on Composite Materials (ACCM 2012): Composites: Enabling Tomorrow's Industry Today. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 06 - 08 Nov 2012 Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Implementing multimedia resources in online learning and its effect on student understanding
Yousif, B. F., Basson, Marita and Hobohm, Carola. 2012. "Implementing multimedia resources in online learning and its effect on student understanding." Mann, Llewellyn and Daniel, Scott (ed.) 23rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2012). Melbourne, Australia 03 - 05 Dec 2012 Melbourne, Australia.
Tribological consideration in roller mill machines for agriculture applications
Al-Sandooq, J. M., Yousif, B. F. and Jensen, T. A.. 2012. "Tribological consideration in roller mill machines for agriculture applications." Surface Review and Letters. 19 (6), pp. 1250065-1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X12500655
Characteristics of kenaf fibre immersed in different solutions
Yousif, B. F., Orupabo, C. and Azwa, Z. N.. 2012. "Characteristics of kenaf fibre immersed in different solutions." Journal of Natural Fibers. 9 (4), pp. 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2012.733149
Epoxy composite based on kenaf fibers for tribological applications under wet contact conditions
Yousif, B. F. and Chin, C. W.. 2012. "Epoxy composite based on kenaf fibers for tribological applications under wet contact conditions." Surface Review and Letters. 19 (5), pp. 1250050-1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X12500503
Suitability of using coir fiber/polymeric composite for the design of liquid storage tanks
Yousif, B. F. and Ku, H.. 2012. "Suitability of using coir fiber/polymeric composite for the design of liquid storage tanks." Materials and Design. 36, pp. 847-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.063
The synergistic effect of hybrid flame retardants on pyrolysis behaviour of hybrid composite materials
Albdiry, M. T., Almosawi, A. I. and Yousif, B. F.. 2012. "The synergistic effect of hybrid flame retardants on pyrolysis behaviour of hybrid composite materials." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 7 (3), pp. 351-359.
Tribo performance of T-BFRP composite subjected to dry/wet contact conditions
Nirmal, Umar, Hashim, Jamil, Rilling, Dirk, Brevern, P. V. and Yousif, B. F.. 2012. "Tribo performance of T-BFRP composite subjected to dry/wet contact conditions." Francis, Elizabeth (ed.) Natural polymers, biopolymers, biomaterials, and their composites, blends, and IPNs. Toronto, Canada. Apple Academic Press (CRC Press). pp. 311-325
Flexural properties of treated and untreated kenaf/epoxy composites
Yousif, B. F., Shalwan, A., Chin, C. W. and Ming, K. C.. 2012. "Flexural properties of treated and untreated kenaf/epoxy composites." Materials and Design. 40, pp. 378-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.017
Design of newly fabricated tribological machine for wear and frictional experiments under dry/wet condition
Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Design of newly fabricated tribological machine for wear and frictional experiments under dry/wet condition." Materials and Design. 48, pp. 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.046
Betelnut fibres as an alternative to glass fibres to reinforce thermoset composites: a comparative study
Nirmal, Umar, Hashim, Jamil, Lau, Saijod T. W., Yuhazri, M. Y. and Yousif, B. F.. 2012. "Betelnut fibres as an alternative to glass fibres to reinforce thermoset composites: a comparative study." Textile Research Journal. 82 (11), pp. 1107-1120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517512439945
Morphological structures and tribological performance of unsaturated polyester based untreated/silane-treated halloysite nanotubes
Albdiry, M. T. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Morphological structures and tribological performance of unsaturated polyester based untreated/silane-treated halloysite nanotubes." Materials and Design. 48, pp. 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.035
A critical review on the manufacturing processes in relation to the properties of nanoclay/polymer composites
Albdiry, M. T., Yousif, B. F., Ku, H. and Lau, K. T.. 2013. "A critical review on the manufacturing processes in relation to the properties of nanoclay/polymer composites." Journal of Composite Materials. 47 (9), pp. 1093-1115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312445592
On integration of mirror collector and Stirling engine for solar power system
Yousif, B. F., Al-Shalabi, Ammar and Rilling, Dirk G.. 2011. "On integration of mirror collector and Stirling engine for solar power system." Gökçekuş, Hüseyin, Umut, Türker and LaMoreaux, James W. (ed.) 2007 International Conference on Environment: Survival and Sustainability (ESS 2007). Nicosia, Northern Cyprus 19 - 24 Feb 2007 Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5_47
Crude palm oil fuel for diesel-engines: experimental and ANN simulation approaches
Yusaf, T. F., Yousif, B. F. and Elawad, M. M.. 2011. "Crude palm oil fuel for diesel-engines: experimental and ANN simulation approaches." Energy. 36 (8), pp. 4871-4878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.05.032
Wear and frictional performance of polymeric composites aged in various solutions
Yousif, B. F. and Nirmal, Umar. 2011. "Wear and frictional performance of polymeric composites aged in various solutions." Wear. 272 (1), pp. 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.07.006
Adhesive wear of thermoplastic composite based on kenaf fibres
Singh, N., Yousif, B. F. and Rilling, D.. 2011. "Adhesive wear of thermoplastic composite based on kenaf fibres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 225 (2), pp. 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041305X10394053
Tribological characteristics of sustainable fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites under wet adhesive wear
Singh, Narish, Yousif, B. F. and Rilling, Dirk. 2011. "Tribological characteristics of sustainable fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites under wet adhesive wear." Tribology Transactions. 54 (5), pp. 736-748. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2011.597544
Investigations on wear and frictional properties of kenaf fibre polyurethane composites under dry and wet contact conditions
Singh, Narish, Yousif, B. F. and Rilling, Dirk. 2011. "Investigations on wear and frictional properties of kenaf fibre polyurethane composites under dry and wet contact conditions." International Journal of Precision Technology. 2 (4), pp. 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPTECH.2011.044904
ANN for tribological applications
Nasir, Touqeer, Salih, Nbhan D., Hui, Liew T., Wen, Chin Chee and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "ANN for tribological applications." Ghia, Urmila (ed.) 2009 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2009). Florida, United States of America 13 - 19 Nov 2009 United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2009-10161
Wet adhesive wear characteristics of untreated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester and treated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester composites using the pin-on-disc and block-on-ring techniques
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2010. "Wet adhesive wear characteristics of untreated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester and treated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester composites using the pin-on-disc and block-on-ring techniques." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 224 (2), pp. 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET655
Fruit drying process: analysis, modeling and simulation
Abdulla, Shahab, Wen, Paul, Landers, Richard and Yousif, B. F.. 2011. "Fruit drying process: analysis, modeling and simulation." Scientific Research and Essays. 6 (23), pp. 4915-4924.
Effects of fillers on the fracture behaviour of particulate polyester composites
Wong, K. J., Yousif, B. F., Low, K. O., Ng, Y. and Tan, S. L.. 2010. "Effects of fillers on the fracture behaviour of particulate polyester composites." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design. 45 (1), pp. 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1243/03093247JSA553
Effect of betelnut fibres treatment and contact conditions on adhesive wear and frictional performance of polyester composites
Nirmal, Umar, Yousif, B. F., Rilling, Dirk and Brevern, P. V.. 2010. "Effect of betelnut fibres treatment and contact conditions on adhesive wear and frictional performance of polyester composites." Wear. 268 (11-12), pp. 1354-1370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.02.004
The possibility of using polymers in agriculture milling equipment
Al-Sandooq, J. M., Yousif, B. F. and Jensen, T. A.. 2011. "The possibility of using polymers in agriculture milling equipment." Banhazi, T., Saunders, C. and Hegarty, R. (ed.) SEAg 2011: Diverse Challenges, Innovative Solutions. Gold Coast, Australia 29 - 30 Sep 2011 Canberra, Australia.
The effects of alkali treatment on the interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibres
Wong, K. J., Yousif, B. F. and Low, K. O.. 2010. "The effects of alkali treatment on the interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials, Design and Applications. 224 (3), pp. 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1243/14644207JMDA304
CNG-diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis with the aid of artificial neural network
Yusaf, Talal F., Buttsworth, D. R., Saleh, Khalid H. and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "CNG-diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis with the aid of artificial neural network." Applied Energy. 87 (5), pp. 1661-1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.009
Tribological behaviour of KFRE composite
Chin, C. W. and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "Tribological behaviour of KFRE composite." International Journal of Modern Physics B. 24 (28), pp. 5589-5599. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979210056232
Effect of oil palm fibres volume fraction on mechanical properties of polyester composites
Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "Effect of oil palm fibres volume fraction on mechanical properties of polyester composites." International Journal of Modern Physics B. 24 (23), pp. 4459-4470. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979210056633
Three-body abrasion on wear and frictional performance of treated betelnut fibre reinforced epoxy (T-BFRE) composite
Yousif, B. F., Nirmal, Umar and Wong, K. J.. 2010. "Three-body abrasion on wear and frictional performance of treated betelnut fibre reinforced epoxy (T-BFRE) composite." Materials and Design. 31 (9), pp. 4514-4521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.04.008
Wear characteristics of thermoset composite under high stress three-body abrasive
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2010. "Wear characteristics of thermoset composite under high stress three-body abrasive." Tribology International. 43 (12), pp. 2365-2371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.08.010
Thin-layer drying characteristics of banana slices in a force convection indirect solar drying
Fadhel, M. I., Abdo, Ramez Abdulwasea, Yousif, B. F., Zaharim, Azami and Sopian, K.. 2011. "Thin-layer drying characteristics of banana slices in a force convection indirect solar drying." Bojkovic, Zoran, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Mastorakis, Nikos, Mladenov, Valeri, Revetria, Roberto, Zadeh, Lotfi A. and Zemliak, Alexander (ed.) 6th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Energy and Environment (EE 2011): Recent Researches in Energy and Environment. Cambridge, United Kingdom 23 - 25 Feb 2011 Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Badminton training machine with impact mechanism
Yousif, B. F. and Yeh, Kok Soon. 2011. "Badminton training machine with impact mechanism." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 6 (1), pp. 61-68.
The potential of using treated betelnut fibres as reinforcement for tribo-bio polymeric composites subjected to dry/wet contact conditions
Nirmal, Umar, Jamil, Nadia, Yousif, B. F., Rilling, Dirk and Brevern, P. V.. 2010. "The potential of using treated betelnut fibres as reinforcement for tribo-bio polymeric composites subjected to dry/wet contact conditions." 2nd International Conference on Natural Polymers, Bio-Polymers, Bio-Materials, their Composites, Blends, IPN's and Gels Polyelectrolytes and Gels: Macro to Nano Scales (ICNP - 2010). Kottayam, India 24 - 26 Sep 2010 India.
On the development of solar drying system
Chai, Adrian Ngu Ming, Ibrahim, M., Chuan, Cheah Bin and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "On the development of solar drying system." 2009 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2009). Florida, United States of America 13 - 19 Nov 2009 Boston, MA. United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2009-12294
The potential of using betelnut fibres for tribo-polyester composites considering three different orientations
Yousif, B. F., Gill, Nirmal Singh, Lau, Saijod T. W. and Devadas, Alvin. 2009. "The potential of using betelnut fibres for tribo-polyester composites considering three different orientations." 2008 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2008). Boston, United States of America 31 Oct - 06 Nov 2008 Boston, MA. United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2008-68648
Adhesive and frictional behaviour of polymeric composites based on kenaf fibre
Chin, C. W. and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Adhesive and frictional behaviour of polymeric composites based on kenaf fibre." Sinha, Sujeet (ed.) 2nd International Conference on Advanced Tribology (iCAT 2008). Singapore 03 - 05 Dec 2008 Singapore.
Tribological evaluations of polyester composites considering three orientations of CSM glass fibres using BOR machine
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "Tribological evaluations of polyester composites considering three orientations of CSM glass fibres using BOR machine." Applied Composite Materials. 14 (2), pp. 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-007-9034-2
Design consideration of low temperature differential double-acting Stirling engine for solar application
Abdullah, Shahrir, Yousif, B. F. and Sopian, Kamaruzzaman. 2005. "Design consideration of low temperature differential double-acting Stirling engine for solar application." Renewable Energy. 30 (1), pp. 1923-1941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.11.011
Abrasive wear behaviour of epoxy composite based on kenaf fibres
Yousif, B. F. and Yusaf, Talal. 2010. "Abrasive wear behaviour of epoxy composite based on kenaf fibres." Gwidon, Stachowiak (ed.) ASIATRIB 2010: Frontiers in Tribology - Knowledge and Friendship. Perth, Australia 05 - 09 Dec 2010
Adhesive wear and frictional characteristics of UHMWPE and HDPE sliding against different counterfaces under dry contact condition
Yousif, B. F., Alsofyani, I. M. and Yusaf, Talal. 2010. "Adhesive wear and frictional characteristics of UHMWPE and HDPE sliding against different counterfaces under dry contact condition." Tribology. 4 (2), pp. 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1179/175158310X12678019274408
An investigation on worn surfaces of chopped glass fibre reinforced polyester through SEM observations
El-Tayeb, N. S. M., Yousif, B. F. and Yap, T. C.. 2008. "An investigation on worn surfaces of chopped glass fibre reinforced polyester through SEM observations." Tribology International. 41 (5), pp. 331-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2007.07.007
Frictional and wear performance of polyester composites based on coir fibres
Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Frictional and wear performance of polyester composites based on coir fibres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 223 (1), pp. 51 -59. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET455
Evaluation of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite for multi-pass abrasive wear applications
El-Tayeb, N. S. M. and Yousif, B. F.. 2007. "Evaluation of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite for multi-pass abrasive wear applications." Wear. 262 (9-10), pp. 1140-1151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.015
Tribological studies of polyester reinforced with CSM 450-R-glass fiber sliding against smooth stainless steel counterface
El-Tayeb, N. S. M., Yousif, B. F. and Yap, T. C.. 2005. "Tribological studies of polyester reinforced with CSM 450-R-glass fiber sliding against smooth stainless steel counterface." Wear. 261 (3-4), pp. 443-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.12.014
On the effect of counterface materials on tribo-behavior of steel wire sliding under dry contact condition
Chee, Su Be, Al Shalabi, Ammar and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "On the effect of counterface materials on tribo-behavior of steel wire sliding under dry contact condition." Surface Review and Letters. 15 (4), pp. 355-360. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X08011482
Adhesive wear performance of CFRP multilayered polyester composites under dry/wet contact conditions
Danaelan, D. and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Adhesive wear performance of CFRP multilayered polyester composites under dry/wet contact conditions." Surface Review and Letters. 15 (6), pp. 919-925. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X08012116
The effect of oil palm fibers as reinforcement on tribological performance of polyester composite
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "The effect of oil palm fibers as reinforcement on tribological performance of polyester composite." Surface Review and Letters. 14 (6), pp. 1095-1102. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X07010561
On the effect of woven glass fabric orientations on wear and friction properties of polyester composite
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "On the effect of woven glass fabric orientations on wear and friction properties of polyester composite." Surface Review and Letters. 14 (3), pp. 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X07009487
Effect of water as lubricant on friction and wear properties of CGRP composite evaluated by POD and BOR techniques
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "Effect of water as lubricant on friction and wear properties of CGRP composite evaluated by POD and BOR techniques." Surface Review and Letters. 14 (2), pp. 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X07009244
Replacing of glass fibres with seed oil palm fibres for tribopolymeric composites
Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Replacing of glass fibres with seed oil palm fibres for tribopolymeric composites." Tribology. 2 (2), pp. 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1179/175158308X383189
Adhesive wear performance of T-OPRP and UT-OPRP composites
El-Tayeb, N. S. M. and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Adhesive wear performance of T-OPRP and UT-OPRP composites." Tribology Letters. 32 (3), pp. 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-008-9381-7
Fracture behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polyester composite
Leonard, L. W. H., Wong, K. J., Low, K. O. and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Fracture behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polyester composite." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials, Design and Applications. 223 (2), pp. 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1243/14644207JMDA224
An artificial neural network for prediction of the friction coefficient of multi-layer polymeric composites in three different orientations
Nasir, T., Yousif, B. F., McWilliam, S., Salih, N. D. and Hui, L. T.. 2010. "An artificial neural network for prediction of the friction coefficient of multi-layer polymeric composites in three different orientations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 224 (2), pp. 419-429. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544062JMES1677
Polyester composite based on betelnut fibre for tribological applications
Yousif, B. F., Lau, Saijod T. W. and McWilliam, S.. 2010. "Polyester composite based on betelnut fibre for tribological applications." Tribology International. 43 (1-2), pp. 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.08.006
Potential of kenaf fibres as reinforcement for tribological applications
Chin, C. W. and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Potential of kenaf fibres as reinforcement for tribological applications." Wear. 267 (9-10), pp. 1550-1557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.06.002
Performance and exhaust emission of a SI engine fuelled with potato waste ethanol and its blends with gasoline
Najafi, G., Yusaf, T. F., Ghobadian, B., Najmeddin, V. R. and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Performance and exhaust emission of a SI engine fuelled with potato waste ethanol and its blends with gasoline." International Energy Journal. 10 (4), pp. 215-226.
Adhesive wear and frictional behaviour of multilayered polyester composite based on betelnut fiber mats under wet contact conditions
Yousif, B. F., Devadas, Alvin and Yusaf, Talal. 2009. "Adhesive wear and frictional behaviour of multilayered polyester composite based on betelnut fiber mats under wet contact conditions." Surface Review and Letters. 16 (3), pp. 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X09012792
Editorial
Venkatesh, V. C. and Yousif, Belal F.. 2009. "Editorial." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management. 17 (4).
Influence of material structure properties on sliding contact performance of CGRP composite
Yousif, B. F., El-Tayeb, N. S. M. and Yusaf, Talal. 2008. "Influence of material structure properties on sliding contact performance of CGRP composite." International Journal for Manufacturing Science and Technology. 10 (1), pp. 1-7.
The effects of load and velocity on friction and interface temperature of CGRP sliding against smooth stainless steel
Yousif, B. F., El-Tayeb, N. S. M. and Yusaf, Talal. 2006. "The effects of load and velocity on friction and interface temperature of CGRP sliding against smooth stainless steel." Zannetti, Luca (ed.) 8th Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis (ESDA 2006). Torino, Italy 04 - 07 Jul 2006 Italy.