Review on Erosion Wear Subjected to Different Coating Materials on Leading Edge Protection for Cooling Towers and Wind Turbines

Article

Nirmal, Umar, Teo, Jin Ji, Wen, Chin Chee and Yousif, Belal F.. 2025. "Review on Erosion Wear Subjected to Different Coating Materials on Leading Edge Protection for Cooling Towers and Wind Turbines." Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion. 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-025-00943-8
Article Title

Review on Erosion Wear Subjected to Different Coating Materials on Leading Edge Protection for Cooling Towers and Wind Turbines

Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsNirmal, Umar, Teo, Jin Ji, Wen, Chin Chee and Yousif, Belal F.
Journal TitleJournal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion
Journal Citation11 (1)
Article Number20
Number of Pages25
Year2025
PublisherSpringer
Place of PublicationGermany
ISSN2198-4220
2198-4239
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-025-00943-8
Web Address (URL)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40735-025-00943-8
AbstractIn response to the increasing importance of sustainable engineering solutions, this review focuses on evaluating the sustainability of different coating materials to solve erosion problems on the fan blades of a cooling tower and wind turbine. This review focuses on the types of erosion wear namely on the leading edge of cooling towers and wind turbines (LECT/WT) which will prioritise on the leading edge protection (LEP) on the fan blades used in various applications. This review will highlight recent works done on the design and development of high-efficiency cooling towers. The investigation on erosion resistant coating materials will also be reviewed since there are numerous claims made that certain coating material happen to provide enhanced resistance to erosion wear on LECT/WT. We reviewed all possible aspects of coating material on LECT/WT using different chemical composition namely to provide an optimum wear resistance to cast iron. In summary, there is no any specific coating material than can provide an infinite life span of a fan blade used in cooling towers or wind turbines. Lastly, we highlighted crucial future research on the aforesaid topic which may open new research pathways in the future. The ‘hunt’ for the so called ‘ultimate’ coating material to cast iron used in the LECT/WT is yet to be discovered.
KeywordsCast iron; Erosion wear; Leading edge of cooling towers/wind turbines; Leading edge protection; Coating material ; Silicon ; Future research; Fan/turbine blades
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Is supplemented byCorrection: Review on Erosion Wear Subjected to Different Coating Materials on Leading Edge Protection for Cooling Towers and Wind Turbines
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401708. Tribology
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This article has been corrected. Please see the Related Output.

Byline AffiliationsMultimedia University, Malaysia
School of Engineering
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Correction: Review on Erosion Wear Subjected to Different Coating Materials on Leading Edge Protection for Cooling Towers and Wind Turbines
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Yousif, B. F., Basson, Marita and Hobohm, Carola. 2012. "Implementing multimedia resources in online learning and its effect on student understanding." Mann, Llewellyn and Daniel, Scott (ed.) 23rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2012). Melbourne, Australia 03 - 05 Dec 2012 Melbourne, Australia.
Tribological consideration in roller mill machines for agriculture applications
Al-Sandooq, J. M., Yousif, B. F. and Jensen, T. A.. 2012. "Tribological consideration in roller mill machines for agriculture applications." Surface Review and Letters. 19 (6), pp. 1250065-1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X12500655
Characteristics of kenaf fibre immersed in different solutions
Yousif, B. F., Orupabo, C. and Azwa, Z. N.. 2012. "Characteristics of kenaf fibre immersed in different solutions." Journal of Natural Fibers. 9 (4), pp. 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2012.733149
Epoxy composite based on kenaf fibers for tribological applications under wet contact conditions
Yousif, B. F. and Chin, C. W.. 2012. "Epoxy composite based on kenaf fibers for tribological applications under wet contact conditions." Surface Review and Letters. 19 (5), pp. 1250050-1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X12500503
Suitability of using coir fiber/polymeric composite for the design of liquid storage tanks
Yousif, B. F. and Ku, H.. 2012. "Suitability of using coir fiber/polymeric composite for the design of liquid storage tanks." Materials and Design. 36, pp. 847-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.063
The synergistic effect of hybrid flame retardants on pyrolysis behaviour of hybrid composite materials
Albdiry, M. T., Almosawi, A. I. and Yousif, B. F.. 2012. "The synergistic effect of hybrid flame retardants on pyrolysis behaviour of hybrid composite materials." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 7 (3), pp. 351-359.
Tribo performance of T-BFRP composite subjected to dry/wet contact conditions
Nirmal, Umar, Hashim, Jamil, Rilling, Dirk, Brevern, P. V. and Yousif, B. F.. 2012. "Tribo performance of T-BFRP composite subjected to dry/wet contact conditions." Francis, Elizabeth (ed.) Natural polymers, biopolymers, biomaterials, and their composites, blends, and IPNs. Toronto, Canada. Apple Academic Press (CRC Press). pp. 311-325
Flexural properties of treated and untreated kenaf/epoxy composites
Yousif, B. F., Shalwan, A., Chin, C. W. and Ming, K. C.. 2012. "Flexural properties of treated and untreated kenaf/epoxy composites." Materials and Design. 40, pp. 378-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.017
Design of newly fabricated tribological machine for wear and frictional experiments under dry/wet condition
Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Design of newly fabricated tribological machine for wear and frictional experiments under dry/wet condition." Materials and Design. 48, pp. 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.046
Betelnut fibres as an alternative to glass fibres to reinforce thermoset composites: a comparative study
Nirmal, Umar, Hashim, Jamil, Lau, Saijod T. W., Yuhazri, M. Y. and Yousif, B. F.. 2012. "Betelnut fibres as an alternative to glass fibres to reinforce thermoset composites: a comparative study." Textile Research Journal. 82 (11), pp. 1107-1120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517512439945
Morphological structures and tribological performance of unsaturated polyester based untreated/silane-treated halloysite nanotubes
Albdiry, M. T. and Yousif, B. F.. 2013. "Morphological structures and tribological performance of unsaturated polyester based untreated/silane-treated halloysite nanotubes." Materials and Design. 48, pp. 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.035
A critical review on the manufacturing processes in relation to the properties of nanoclay/polymer composites
Albdiry, M. T., Yousif, B. F., Ku, H. and Lau, K. T.. 2013. "A critical review on the manufacturing processes in relation to the properties of nanoclay/polymer composites." Journal of Composite Materials. 47 (9), pp. 1093-1115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312445592
On integration of mirror collector and Stirling engine for solar power system
Yousif, B. F., Al-Shalabi, Ammar and Rilling, Dirk G.. 2011. "On integration of mirror collector and Stirling engine for solar power system." Gökçekuş, Hüseyin, Umut, Türker and LaMoreaux, James W. (ed.) 2007 International Conference on Environment: Survival and Sustainability (ESS 2007). Nicosia, Northern Cyprus 19 - 24 Feb 2007 Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5_47
Crude palm oil fuel for diesel-engines: experimental and ANN simulation approaches
Yusaf, T. F., Yousif, B. F. and Elawad, M. M.. 2011. "Crude palm oil fuel for diesel-engines: experimental and ANN simulation approaches." Energy. 36 (8), pp. 4871-4878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.05.032
Wear and frictional performance of polymeric composites aged in various solutions
Yousif, B. F. and Nirmal, Umar. 2011. "Wear and frictional performance of polymeric composites aged in various solutions." Wear. 272 (1), pp. 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.07.006
Adhesive wear of thermoplastic composite based on kenaf fibres
Singh, N., Yousif, B. F. and Rilling, D.. 2011. "Adhesive wear of thermoplastic composite based on kenaf fibres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 225 (2), pp. 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041305X10394053
Tribological characteristics of sustainable fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites under wet adhesive wear
Singh, Narish, Yousif, B. F. and Rilling, Dirk. 2011. "Tribological characteristics of sustainable fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites under wet adhesive wear." Tribology Transactions. 54 (5), pp. 736-748. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2011.597544
Investigations on wear and frictional properties of kenaf fibre polyurethane composites under dry and wet contact conditions
Singh, Narish, Yousif, B. F. and Rilling, Dirk. 2011. "Investigations on wear and frictional properties of kenaf fibre polyurethane composites under dry and wet contact conditions." International Journal of Precision Technology. 2 (4), pp. 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPTECH.2011.044904
ANN for tribological applications
Nasir, Touqeer, Salih, Nbhan D., Hui, Liew T., Wen, Chin Chee and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "ANN for tribological applications." Ghia, Urmila (ed.) 2009 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2009). Florida, United States of America 13 - 19 Nov 2009 United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2009-10161
Wet adhesive wear characteristics of untreated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester and treated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester composites using the pin-on-disc and block-on-ring techniques
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2010. "Wet adhesive wear characteristics of untreated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester and treated oil palm fibre-reinforced polyester composites using the pin-on-disc and block-on-ring techniques." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 224 (2), pp. 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET655
Fruit drying process: analysis, modeling and simulation
Abdulla, Shahab, Wen, Paul, Landers, Richard and Yousif, B. F.. 2011. "Fruit drying process: analysis, modeling and simulation." Scientific Research and Essays. 6 (23), pp. 4915-4924.
Effects of fillers on the fracture behaviour of particulate polyester composites
Wong, K. J., Yousif, B. F., Low, K. O., Ng, Y. and Tan, S. L.. 2010. "Effects of fillers on the fracture behaviour of particulate polyester composites." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design. 45 (1), pp. 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1243/03093247JSA553
Effect of betelnut fibres treatment and contact conditions on adhesive wear and frictional performance of polyester composites
Nirmal, Umar, Yousif, B. F., Rilling, Dirk and Brevern, P. V.. 2010. "Effect of betelnut fibres treatment and contact conditions on adhesive wear and frictional performance of polyester composites." Wear. 268 (11-12), pp. 1354-1370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.02.004
The possibility of using polymers in agriculture milling equipment
Al-Sandooq, J. M., Yousif, B. F. and Jensen, T. A.. 2011. "The possibility of using polymers in agriculture milling equipment." Banhazi, T., Saunders, C. and Hegarty, R. (ed.) SEAg 2011: Diverse Challenges, Innovative Solutions. Gold Coast, Australia 29 - 30 Sep 2011 Canberra, Australia.
The effects of alkali treatment on the interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibres
Wong, K. J., Yousif, B. F. and Low, K. O.. 2010. "The effects of alkali treatment on the interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials, Design and Applications. 224 (3), pp. 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1243/14644207JMDA304
CNG-diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis with the aid of artificial neural network
Yusaf, Talal F., Buttsworth, D. R., Saleh, Khalid H. and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "CNG-diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis with the aid of artificial neural network." Applied Energy. 87 (5), pp. 1661-1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.009
Tribological behaviour of KFRE composite
Chin, C. W. and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "Tribological behaviour of KFRE composite." International Journal of Modern Physics B. 24 (28), pp. 5589-5599. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979210056232
Effect of oil palm fibres volume fraction on mechanical properties of polyester composites
Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "Effect of oil palm fibres volume fraction on mechanical properties of polyester composites." International Journal of Modern Physics B. 24 (23), pp. 4459-4470. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979210056633
Three-body abrasion on wear and frictional performance of treated betelnut fibre reinforced epoxy (T-BFRE) composite
Yousif, B. F., Nirmal, Umar and Wong, K. J.. 2010. "Three-body abrasion on wear and frictional performance of treated betelnut fibre reinforced epoxy (T-BFRE) composite." Materials and Design. 31 (9), pp. 4514-4521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.04.008
Wear characteristics of thermoset composite under high stress three-body abrasive
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2010. "Wear characteristics of thermoset composite under high stress three-body abrasive." Tribology International. 43 (12), pp. 2365-2371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.08.010
Thin-layer drying characteristics of banana slices in a force convection indirect solar drying
Fadhel, M. I., Abdo, Ramez Abdulwasea, Yousif, B. F., Zaharim, Azami and Sopian, K.. 2011. "Thin-layer drying characteristics of banana slices in a force convection indirect solar drying." Bojkovic, Zoran, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Mastorakis, Nikos, Mladenov, Valeri, Revetria, Roberto, Zadeh, Lotfi A. and Zemliak, Alexander (ed.) 6th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Energy and Environment (EE 2011): Recent Researches in Energy and Environment. Cambridge, United Kingdom 23 - 25 Feb 2011 Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Badminton training machine with impact mechanism
Yousif, B. F. and Yeh, Kok Soon. 2011. "Badminton training machine with impact mechanism." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 6 (1), pp. 61-68.
The potential of using treated betelnut fibres as reinforcement for tribo-bio polymeric composites subjected to dry/wet contact conditions
Nirmal, Umar, Jamil, Nadia, Yousif, B. F., Rilling, Dirk and Brevern, P. V.. 2010. "The potential of using treated betelnut fibres as reinforcement for tribo-bio polymeric composites subjected to dry/wet contact conditions." 2nd International Conference on Natural Polymers, Bio-Polymers, Bio-Materials, their Composites, Blends, IPN's and Gels Polyelectrolytes and Gels: Macro to Nano Scales (ICNP - 2010). Kottayam, India 24 - 26 Sep 2010 India.
On the development of solar drying system
Chai, Adrian Ngu Ming, Ibrahim, M., Chuan, Cheah Bin and Yousif, B. F.. 2010. "On the development of solar drying system." 2009 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2009). Florida, United States of America 13 - 19 Nov 2009 Boston, MA. United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2009-12294
The potential of using betelnut fibres for tribo-polyester composites considering three different orientations
Yousif, B. F., Gill, Nirmal Singh, Lau, Saijod T. W. and Devadas, Alvin. 2009. "The potential of using betelnut fibres for tribo-polyester composites considering three different orientations." 2008 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE 2008). Boston, United States of America 31 Oct - 06 Nov 2008 Boston, MA. United States. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2008-68648
Adhesive and frictional behaviour of polymeric composites based on kenaf fibre
Chin, C. W. and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Adhesive and frictional behaviour of polymeric composites based on kenaf fibre." Sinha, Sujeet (ed.) 2nd International Conference on Advanced Tribology (iCAT 2008). Singapore 03 - 05 Dec 2008 Singapore.
Tribological evaluations of polyester composites considering three orientations of CSM glass fibres using BOR machine
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "Tribological evaluations of polyester composites considering three orientations of CSM glass fibres using BOR machine." Applied Composite Materials. 14 (2), pp. 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-007-9034-2
Design consideration of low temperature differential double-acting Stirling engine for solar application
Abdullah, Shahrir, Yousif, B. F. and Sopian, Kamaruzzaman. 2005. "Design consideration of low temperature differential double-acting Stirling engine for solar application." Renewable Energy. 30 (1), pp. 1923-1941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.11.011
Abrasive wear behaviour of epoxy composite based on kenaf fibres
Yousif, B. F. and Yusaf, Talal. 2010. "Abrasive wear behaviour of epoxy composite based on kenaf fibres." Gwidon, Stachowiak (ed.) ASIATRIB 2010: Frontiers in Tribology - Knowledge and Friendship. Perth, Australia 05 - 09 Dec 2010
Adhesive wear and frictional characteristics of UHMWPE and HDPE sliding against different counterfaces under dry contact condition
Yousif, B. F., Alsofyani, I. M. and Yusaf, Talal. 2010. "Adhesive wear and frictional characteristics of UHMWPE and HDPE sliding against different counterfaces under dry contact condition." Tribology. 4 (2), pp. 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1179/175158310X12678019274408
An investigation on worn surfaces of chopped glass fibre reinforced polyester through SEM observations
El-Tayeb, N. S. M., Yousif, B. F. and Yap, T. C.. 2008. "An investigation on worn surfaces of chopped glass fibre reinforced polyester through SEM observations." Tribology International. 41 (5), pp. 331-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2007.07.007
Frictional and wear performance of polyester composites based on coir fibres
Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Frictional and wear performance of polyester composites based on coir fibres." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 223 (1), pp. 51 -59. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET455
Wear and frictional performance of betelnut fibre-reinforced polyester composite
Gill, N. Singh and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Wear and frictional performance of betelnut fibre-reinforced polyester composite." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 223 (2), pp. 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET516
Evaluation of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite for multi-pass abrasive wear applications
El-Tayeb, N. S. M. and Yousif, B. F.. 2007. "Evaluation of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite for multi-pass abrasive wear applications." Wear. 262 (9-10), pp. 1140-1151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.015
Tribological studies of polyester reinforced with CSM 450-R-glass fiber sliding against smooth stainless steel counterface
El-Tayeb, N. S. M., Yousif, B. F. and Yap, T. C.. 2005. "Tribological studies of polyester reinforced with CSM 450-R-glass fiber sliding against smooth stainless steel counterface." Wear. 261 (3-4), pp. 443-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.12.014
On the effect of counterface materials on tribo-behavior of steel wire sliding under dry contact condition
Chee, Su Be, Al Shalabi, Ammar and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "On the effect of counterface materials on tribo-behavior of steel wire sliding under dry contact condition." Surface Review and Letters. 15 (4), pp. 355-360. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X08011482
Adhesive wear performance of CFRP multilayered polyester composites under dry/wet contact conditions
Danaelan, D. and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Adhesive wear performance of CFRP multilayered polyester composites under dry/wet contact conditions." Surface Review and Letters. 15 (6), pp. 919-925. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X08012116
The effect of oil palm fibers as reinforcement on tribological performance of polyester composite
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "The effect of oil palm fibers as reinforcement on tribological performance of polyester composite." Surface Review and Letters. 14 (6), pp. 1095-1102. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X07010561
On the effect of woven glass fabric orientations on wear and friction properties of polyester composite
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "On the effect of woven glass fabric orientations on wear and friction properties of polyester composite." Surface Review and Letters. 14 (3), pp. 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X07009487
Effect of water as lubricant on friction and wear properties of CGRP composite evaluated by POD and BOR techniques
Yousif, B. F. and El-Tayeb, N. S. M.. 2007. "Effect of water as lubricant on friction and wear properties of CGRP composite evaluated by POD and BOR techniques." Surface Review and Letters. 14 (2), pp. 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X07009244
Replacing of glass fibres with seed oil palm fibres for tribopolymeric composites
Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Replacing of glass fibres with seed oil palm fibres for tribopolymeric composites." Tribology. 2 (2), pp. 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1179/175158308X383189
Adhesive wear performance of T-OPRP and UT-OPRP composites
El-Tayeb, N. S. M. and Yousif, B. F.. 2008. "Adhesive wear performance of T-OPRP and UT-OPRP composites." Tribology Letters. 32 (3), pp. 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-008-9381-7
Fracture behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polyester composite
Leonard, L. W. H., Wong, K. J., Low, K. O. and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Fracture behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polyester composite." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L: Journal of Materials, Design and Applications. 223 (2), pp. 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1243/14644207JMDA224
An artificial neural network for prediction of the friction coefficient of multi-layer polymeric composites in three different orientations
Nasir, T., Yousif, B. F., McWilliam, S., Salih, N. D. and Hui, L. T.. 2010. "An artificial neural network for prediction of the friction coefficient of multi-layer polymeric composites in three different orientations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 224 (2), pp. 419-429. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544062JMES1677
Polyester composite based on betelnut fibre for tribological applications
Yousif, B. F., Lau, Saijod T. W. and McWilliam, S.. 2010. "Polyester composite based on betelnut fibre for tribological applications." Tribology International. 43 (1-2), pp. 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.08.006
Potential of kenaf fibres as reinforcement for tribological applications
Chin, C. W. and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Potential of kenaf fibres as reinforcement for tribological applications." Wear. 267 (9-10), pp. 1550-1557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.06.002
Performance and exhaust emission of a SI engine fuelled with potato waste ethanol and its blends with gasoline
Najafi, G., Yusaf, T. F., Ghobadian, B., Najmeddin, V. R. and Yousif, B. F.. 2009. "Performance and exhaust emission of a SI engine fuelled with potato waste ethanol and its blends with gasoline." International Energy Journal. 10 (4), pp. 215-226.
Adhesive wear and frictional behaviour of multilayered polyester composite based on betelnut fiber mats under wet contact conditions
Yousif, B. F., Devadas, Alvin and Yusaf, Talal. 2009. "Adhesive wear and frictional behaviour of multilayered polyester composite based on betelnut fiber mats under wet contact conditions." Surface Review and Letters. 16 (3), pp. 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X09012792
Editorial
Venkatesh, V. C. and Yousif, Belal F.. 2009. "Editorial." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management. 17 (4).
Influence of material structure properties on sliding contact performance of CGRP composite
Yousif, B. F., El-Tayeb, N. S. M. and Yusaf, Talal. 2008. "Influence of material structure properties on sliding contact performance of CGRP composite." International Journal for Manufacturing Science and Technology. 10 (1), pp. 1-7.
The effects of load and velocity on friction and interface temperature of CGRP sliding against smooth stainless steel
Yousif, B. F., El-Tayeb, N. S. M. and Yusaf, Talal. 2006. "The effects of load and velocity on friction and interface temperature of CGRP sliding against smooth stainless steel." Zannetti, Luca (ed.) 8th Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis (ESDA 2006). Torino, Italy 04 - 07 Jul 2006 Italy.