Ultraviolet radiation reflection from building materials: characterisation, quantification and the resulting effects

PhD Thesis


Turner, Joanna. 2011. Ultraviolet radiation reflection from building materials: characterisation, quantification and the resulting effects. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Title

Ultraviolet radiation reflection from building materials: characterisation, quantification and the resulting effects

TypePhD Thesis
Authors
AuthorTurner, Joanna
SupervisorParisi, Alfio
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Qualification NameDoctor of Philosophy
Number of Pages340
Year2011
Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly influences many biological entities in the terrestrial biosphere. However, the amount of UV exposure can be affected by surfaces that reflect UV radiation. Knowledge about reflected UV radiation from surfaces in the built environment is limited, especially from vertical or other non-horizontal surfaces and the resulting effects of UV radiation reflection from these surfaces. The main aims of this research is comprised of (1) characterisation of UV radiation reflection from a variety of urban building materials in vertical positions, (2) quantification of the biological effect of UV reflection from simulated structures on a human and (3) establishing relationships between UV radiation measurement indicators and resulting biological effects.

UV radiation reflection was investigated using spectral measurements made with portable spectrometers, and took into consideration factors that could influence the measurements including orientation, direction, solar zenith and azimuth angles and surface type. The biological effects due to reflection from vertical urban structures were investigated using dosimetry which enabled body site UV exposure analysis. Relationships from UV radiation reflection between different surface orientations (vertical, horizontal and inclined) were quantified. The UV Index was used to predict changes to UV exposure from certain vertical UV radiation reflective surfaces.
Spectral reflection from vertical urban structures was found to be variable and for metallic surface types the variation appears to be predominantly controlled by solar zenith and solar azimuth angles, with man-made surfaces reflecting some radiation specularly. Hence, surface type and the coating on the surface type dictates the way UV radiation is reflected from a surface. Increases in UV exposure are observed during seasons with larger solar zenith angles, and decreases in seasons with
predominantly lower solar zenith angles. This produces an observable seasonal effect, creating a potential problem in cooler seasons than in warmer seasons due to human behaviour, where personal UV protection can be overlooked compared to thermal comfort. This study has shown that UV reflection from certain vertical surfaces will substantially enhance UV exposure to an individual, and reduce the time for an outdoor worker to exceed recommended UV exposure limits.

Keywordsultraviolet; UV; radiation; reflection; reflected; urban; outdoor workers; outdoors; workers; Australia
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020370106. Atmospheric radiation
Byline AffiliationsDepartment of Biological and Physical Sciences
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Calculation of cloud modification factors for the horizontal plane eye damaging ultraviolet radiation
Parisi, A. V., Turnbull, D. J. and Turner, J.. 2007. "Calculation of cloud modification factors for the horizontal plane eye damaging ultraviolet radiation." Atmospheric Research. 86 (3/4), pp. 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.06.003
Cloud observations for the statistical evaluation of the UV index at Toowoomba, Australia
Parisi, A. V., Sabburg, J., Turner, J. and Dunn, P. K.. 2008. "Cloud observations for the statistical evaluation of the UV index at Toowoomba, Australia." International Journal of Biometeorology: the description, causes, and implications of climatic change. 52 (3), pp. 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-007-0106-7
Short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths comparisons of the spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2007. "Short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths comparisons of the spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis." Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos / World Radiation Center: A Conference Celebrating One Century of UV Radiation Research. Davos, Switzerland 18 - 20 Sep 2007 Davos, Switzerland.
Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2007. "Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures." Environmental Health. 7 (3), pp. 75-83.
Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2006. "Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures." International Symposium on Environmental Health, Climate Change and Sustainability (2006). Brisbane, Australia 21 - 22 Nov 2006