Ultraviolet radiation reflection from building materials: characterisation, quantification and the resulting effects

PhD Thesis

Turner, Joanna. 2011. Ultraviolet radiation reflection from building materials: characterisation, quantification and the resulting effects. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Title

Ultraviolet radiation reflection from building materials: characterisation, quantification and the resulting effects

TypePhD Thesis
Authors
AuthorTurner, Joanna
SupervisorParisi, Alfio
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Qualification NameDoctor of Philosophy
Number of Pages340
Year2011
Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly influences many biological entities in the terrestrial biosphere. However, the amount of UV exposure can be affected by surfaces that reflect UV radiation. Knowledge about reflected UV radiation from surfaces in the built environment is limited, especially from vertical or other non-horizontal surfaces and the resulting effects of UV radiation reflection from these surfaces. The main aims of this research is comprised of (1) characterisation of UV radiation reflection from a variety of urban building materials in vertical positions, (2) quantification of the biological effect of UV reflection from simulated structures on a human and (3) establishing relationships between UV radiation measurement indicators and resulting biological effects.

UV radiation reflection was investigated using spectral measurements made with portable spectrometers, and took into consideration factors that could influence the measurements including orientation, direction, solar zenith and azimuth angles and surface type. The biological effects due to reflection from vertical urban structures were investigated using dosimetry which enabled body site UV exposure analysis. Relationships from UV radiation reflection between different surface orientations (vertical, horizontal and inclined) were quantified. The UV Index was used to predict changes to UV exposure from certain vertical UV radiation reflective surfaces.
Spectral reflection from vertical urban structures was found to be variable and for metallic surface types the variation appears to be predominantly controlled by solar zenith and solar azimuth angles, with man-made surfaces reflecting some radiation specularly. Hence, surface type and the coating on the surface type dictates the way UV radiation is reflected from a surface. Increases in UV exposure are observed during seasons with larger solar zenith angles, and decreases in seasons with
predominantly lower solar zenith angles. This produces an observable seasonal effect, creating a potential problem in cooler seasons than in warmer seasons due to human behaviour, where personal UV protection can be overlooked compared to thermal comfort. This study has shown that UV reflection from certain vertical surfaces will substantially enhance UV exposure to an individual, and reduce the time for an outdoor worker to exceed recommended UV exposure limits.

Keywordsultraviolet; UV; radiation; reflection; reflected; urban; outdoor workers; outdoors; workers; Australia
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020370106. Atmospheric radiation
Byline AffiliationsDepartment of Biological and Physical Sciences
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q0x8z/ultraviolet-radiation-reflection-from-building-materials-characterisation-quantification-and-the-resulting-effects

Log in to edit

Download files

Published Version
Turner_2011_whole.pdf
File access level: Anyone

  • 2541
    total views
  • 6696
    total downloads
  • 10
    views this month
  • 5
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

The effectiveness of nudging key learning resources to support online engagement in higher education courses
Brown, Alice, Lawrence, Jill, Alexsen, Megan, Redmond, Petrea, Turner, Joanna, Maloney, Suzanne and Galligan, Linda. 2024. "The effectiveness of nudging key learning resources to support online engagement in higher education courses." Distance Education. 45 (1), pp. 83-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2024.2303491
Defining and exploring online engagement fatigue in a university context
Maloney, Suzanne, Axelsen, Megan, Stone, Cathy, Galligan, Linda, Redmond, Petrea, Brown, Alice, Turner, Joanna and Lawrence, Jill. 2023. "Defining and exploring online engagement fatigue in a university context." Computers and Education Open. 4.
Student Perceptions of Online Engagement
Redmond, Petrea, Alexsen, Megan, Maloney, Suzanne, Turner, Joanna, Brown, Alice, Basson, Marita, Galligan, Linda, Lawrence, Jill and Henderson, Robyn. 2023. "Student Perceptions of Online Engagement." Online Learning Journal. 27 (1), pp. 383-403. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v27i1.3320
Satellite monitoring of environmental solar ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure and irradiance: a review of OMI and GOME-2
Parisi, Alfio V., Igoe, Damien, Downs, Nathan J., Turner, Joanna, Amar, Abdurazaq and A Jebar, Mustapha A.. 2021. "Satellite monitoring of environmental solar ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure and irradiance: a review of OMI and GOME-2." Remote Sensing. 13 (4), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040752
The Playground Shade Index: A New Design Metric for Measuring Shade and Seasonal Ultraviolet Protection Characteristics of Parks and Playgrounds
Downs, Nathan, Raj, Nawin, Vanos, Jennifer, Parisi, Alfio, Butler, Harry, Deo, Ravinesh, Igoe, Damien, Dexter, Benjamin, Beckman-Downs, Melanie, Turner, Joanna and Dekeyser, Stijn. 2023. "The Playground Shade Index: A New Design Metric for Measuring Shade and Seasonal Ultraviolet Protection Characteristics of Parks and Playgrounds." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 99 (4), pp. 1193-1207. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13745
The creation of a nudging protocol to support online student engagement in higher education
Brown, Alice, Lawrence, Jill, Basson, Marita, Axelsen, Megan, Redmond, Petrea, Turner, Joanna, Maloney, Suzanne and Galligan, Linda. 2023. "The creation of a nudging protocol to support online student engagement in higher education." Active Learning in Higher Education. 24 (3), pp. 257-271. https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874211039077
Assessment of Biologically Effective Solar Ultraviolet Exposures for Court Staff and Competitors During a Major Australian Tennis Tournament
Igoe, Damien P., Amar, Abdurazaq, Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio V. and Turner, Joanna. 2019. "Assessment of Biologically Effective Solar Ultraviolet Exposures for Court Staff and Competitors During a Major Australian Tennis Tournament." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 95 (6), pp. 1461-1467. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13132
Using LMS Log Data to Explore Student Engagement with Coursework Videos
Maloney, Suzanne, Axelsen, Megan, Galligan, Linda, Turner, Joanna, Redmond, Petrea, Brown, Alice, Basson, Marita and Lawrence, Jill. 2022. "Using LMS Log Data to Explore Student Engagement with Coursework Videos." Online Learning Journal. 26 (4), pp. 399-423. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v26i4.2998
Does Course Specific Nudging Enhance Student Engagement, Experience and Success?: A Data-Driven Longitudinal Tale
Lawrence, Jill, Brown, Alice, Redmond, Petrea, Maloney, Suzanne, Basson, Marita, Galligan, Linda and Turner, Joanna. 2021. "Does Course Specific Nudging Enhance Student Engagement, Experience and Success?: A Data-Driven Longitudinal Tale." Student Success. 12 (2), pp. 28-37. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.1914
Evaluation of the Long-term Cumulative UVA Facial Exposure of Queensland School Teachers derived for an Extended Period from the OMI Satellite Irradiance
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Downs, Nathan J., Parisi, Alfio V. and Turner, Joanna. 2021. "Evaluation of the Long-term Cumulative UVA Facial Exposure of Queensland School Teachers derived for an Extended Period from the OMI Satellite Irradiance." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 97 (1), pp. 192-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13329
Effects of ultraviolet solar radiation on the properties of particulate-filled epoxy based polymer coating
Mehrinejad Khotbehsara, Mojdeh, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru, Turner, Joanna, Ferdous, Wahid and Hota, Gangarao. 2020. "Effects of ultraviolet solar radiation on the properties of particulate-filled epoxy based polymer coating." Polymer Degradation and Stability. 181, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109352
Influence of Clouds on OMI Satellite Total Daily UVA Exposure over a 12-year Period at a Southern Hemisphere Site
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna. 2020. "Influence of Clouds on OMI Satellite Total Daily UVA Exposure over a 12-year Period at a Southern Hemisphere Site." International Journal of Remote Sensing. 41 (1), pp. 272-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1641243
A review on the ability of smartphones to detect ultraviolet (UV) radiation and their potential to be used in UV research and for public education purposes
Turner, Joanna, Igoe, Damien, Parisi, Alfio V., McGonigle, Andrew J., Amar, Abdurazaq and Wainwright, Lisa. 2020. "A review on the ability of smartphones to detect ultraviolet (UV) radiation and their potential to be used in UV research and for public education purposes." Science of the Total Environment. 706, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135873
Beyond the current Smartphone Application: Using smartphone hardware to measure UV radiation
Turner, J., Igoe, D. P., Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. J. and Amar, A.. 2018. "Beyond the current Smartphone Application: Using smartphone hardware to measure UV radiation." NIWA UV Workshop 2018 - UV Radiation: Effects on Human Health and the Environment. Wellington, New Zealand 04 - 06 Apr 2018 New Zealand.
Development of a model for calculating the solar ultraviolet protection factor of small to medium sized built shade structure
Parisi, Alfio V., Amar, Abdurazaq, Downs, Nathan J., Igoe, Damien P., Harrison, Simone L. and Turner, Joanna. 2019. "Development of a model for calculating the solar ultraviolet protection factor of small to medium sized built shade structure." Building and Environment. 147, pp. 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.10.010
Evaluated UVA irradiances over a twelve year period at a sub-tropical site from ozone monitoring instrument data including the influence of cloud
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna F.. 2018. "Evaluated UVA irradiances over a twelve year period at a sub-tropical site from ozone monitoring instrument data including the influence of cloud." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 94 (6), pp. 1281-1288. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12948
Ultraviolet radiation albedo and reflectance in review: the influence to ultraviolet exposure in occupational settings
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "Ultraviolet radiation albedo and reflectance in review: the influence to ultraviolet exposure in occupational settings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (7), pp. 1507-1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071507
Strategies on addressing contract cheating: a case study from an Australian regional university
Kong, Eric, Goh, Steven Ching-Nam, Gussen, Benjamen Franklen, Turner, Joanna and Abawi, Lindy-Anne. 2017. "Strategies on addressing contract cheating: a case study from an Australian regional university." Velliaris, Donna M. (ed.) Handbook of research on academic misconduct in higher education. IGI Global. pp. 206-228
Investigation of correlation of broadband UVA reflection to broadband visible reflection for a variety of surfaces in the built environment
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "Investigation of correlation of broadband UVA reflection to broadband visible reflection for a variety of surfaces in the built environment." Building and Environment. 136, pp. 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.062
Comparative signal to noise ratio as a determinant to select smartphone image sensor colour channels for analysis in the UVB
Igoe, D. P., Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. J., Amar, A. and Turner, J.. 2018. "Comparative signal to noise ratio as a determinant to select smartphone image sensor colour channels for analysis in the UVB." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 272, pp. 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.01.057
Atmospheric total ozone column evaluation with a smartphone image sensor
Igoe, Damien P., Parisi, Alfio V., Amar, Abdurazaq, Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna. 2018. "Atmospheric total ozone column evaluation with a smartphone image sensor." International Journal of Remote Sensing. 39 (9), pp. 2766-2783. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1433895
Detection of ultraviolet B radiation with internal smartphone sensors
Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio V., Igoe, Damien P. and Amar, Abdurazaq. 2017. "Detection of ultraviolet B radiation with internal smartphone sensors." Instrumentation Science and Technology. 45 (6), pp. 618-638. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2017.1298042
Characterisation of a smartphone image sensor response to direct solar 305 nm irradiation at high air masses
Igoe, D. P., Amar, A., Parisi, A. V. and Turner, J.. 2017. "Characterisation of a smartphone image sensor response to direct solar 305 nm irradiation at high air masses." Science of the Total Environment. 587-588, pp. 407-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.175
Validation of ozone monitoring instrument UV satellite data using spectral and broadband surface based measurements at a Queensland site
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna F.. 2017. "Validation of ozone monitoring instrument UV satellite data using spectral and broadband surface based measurements at a Queensland site." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 93 (5), pp. 1289-1293. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12784
Comparison of GOME-2 UVA satellite data to ground-based spectroradiometer measurements at a subtropical site
Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan, Turner, Joanna and King, Rachel. 2017. "Comparison of GOME-2 UVA satellite data to ground-based spectroradiometer measurements at a subtropical site." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 55 (6), pp. 3145-3149. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2662714
Educating the younger generation (and the public) in UV effects with a simple experiment
Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan. 2013. "Educating the younger generation (and the public) in UV effects with a simple experiment." Byrne, Scott and Chen, Min (ed.) 6th Asia & Oceania Conference on Photobiology (AOCP 2013): Life on a Sun-Drenched Planet. Sydney, Australia 10 - 13 Nov 2013
Creating confidence: exploring the effectiveness of a pre-study resource as a 'front loading' strategy in a foundation nursing science course
McCabe, Bernadette K., Kek, Megan and Turner, Joanna. 2011. "Creating confidence: exploring the effectiveness of a pre-study resource as a 'front loading' strategy in a foundation nursing science course." 14th Pacific Rim First Year in Higher Education Conference (FYHE 2011). Perth, Australia 29 Jun - 01 Jul 2011 Brisbane, Australia.
Characterization of cloud cover with a smartphone camera
Parisi, A. V., Downs, N., Igoe, D. and Turner, J.. 2016. "Characterization of cloud cover with a smartphone camera." Instrumentation Science and Technology. 44 (1), pp. 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2015.1055577
Online educative activities for solar ultraviolet radiation based on measurements of cloud amount and solar exposures
Parisi, A. V., Downs, N., Turner, J. and Amar, A.. 2016. "Online educative activities for solar ultraviolet radiation based on measurements of cloud amount and solar exposures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 162, pp. 434-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.015
Solar radiation and the UV index: an application of numerical integration, trigonometric functions, online education and the modelling process
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Galligan, Linda, Turner, Joanna, Amar, Abdurazaq, King, Rachel, Ultra, Filipina and Butler, Harry. 2016. "Solar radiation and the UV index: an application of numerical integration, trigonometric functions, online education and the modelling process." International Journal of Research in Education and Science. 2 (1), pp. 179-189.
Minimum exposure limits and measured relationships between the vitamin D, erythema and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection solar ultraviolet
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Butler, Harry, Turner, Joanna and Wainwright, Lisa. 2015. "Minimum exposure limits and measured relationships between the vitamin D, erythema and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection solar ultraviolet." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 91 (2), pp. 438-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12394
From ultraviolet to Prussian blue: a spectral response for the cyanotype process and a safe educational activity to explain UV exposure for all ages
Turner, J., Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. and Lynch, M.. 2014. "From ultraviolet to Prussian blue: a spectral response for the cyanotype process and a safe educational activity to explain UV exposure for all ages." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 13 (12), pp. 1753-1764. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00166d
Evaluation of the cloudy sky solar UVA radiation exposures
Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. and Turner, J.. 2014. "Evaluation of the cloudy sky solar UVA radiation exposures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 138, pp. 141-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.05.012
Influence of reflected UV irradiance on occupational exposure from combinations of reflective wall surfaces
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2013. "Influence of reflected UV irradiance on occupational exposure from combinations of reflective wall surfaces." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 12 (9), pp. 1589-1595. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3pp50059d
Ultraviolet reflection irradiances and exposures in the constructed environment for horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2013. "Ultraviolet reflection irradiances and exposures in the constructed environment for horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 89 (3), pp. 730-736. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12025
Improved method of ultraviolet radiation reflection measurement for non-horizontal urban surfaces
Turner, J. and Parisi, A. V.. 2012. "Improved method of ultraviolet radiation reflection measurement for non-horizontal urban surfaces." Measurement Science and Technology. 23 (4), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/23/4/045701
Variations in the short wavelength cut-off of the solar UV spectra
Parisi, Alfio and Turner, Joanna. 2006. "Variations in the short wavelength cut-off of the solar UV spectra." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 5 (3), pp. 331-335. https://doi.org/10.1039/b512029b
Experiment kit for first year physics students to undertake practicals at any place and any time
Parisi, Alfio and Turner, Joanna. 2009. "Experiment kit for first year physics students to undertake practicals at any place and any time." Kift, Sally (ed.) ALTC First Year Experience Curriculum Design Symposium 2009. Brisbane, Australia 05 - 06 Feb 2009 Brisbane, Australia.
Variations in UV exposure due to reflected UV radiation in the urban environment
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio. 2010. "Variations in UV exposure due to reflected UV radiation in the urban environment." 35th Meeting of the American Society for Photobiology. Brown University, Providence, United States 12 - 16 Jun 2010 USA.
Understanding UV reflection in the urban environment
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio. 2010. "Understanding UV reflection in the urban environment." NIWA 2010 UV Workshop: UV Radiation and its Effects - an Update 2010. Queenstown, New Zealand 07 - 09 May 2010 Wellington, New Zealand.
Sunlight and ultraviolet radiation
Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter, Turnbull, David J., Turner, Joanna and Downs, Nathan. 2010. "Sunlight and ultraviolet radiation." Tuncer, A. Murat (ed.) Cancer report 2010. Ankara, Turkey. New Hope in Health Foundation.
Lawn bowls and solar ultraviolet radiation in Australia: exposures, risks and potential benefits for the production of vitamin D
Downs, Nathan, Turnbull, David, Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Lawn bowls and solar ultraviolet radiation in Australia: exposures, risks and potential benefits for the production of vitamin D." AHMR 2010: 5th Australian Health and Medical Research Congress. Melbourne, Australia 14 - 18 Nov 2010 Sydney, Australia.
Remote laboratories and experiment kits for tertiary Physics distance education students: where is USQ now?
Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio V., Carter, Brad and Brown, Carolyn. 2010. "Remote laboratories and experiment kits for tertiary Physics distance education students: where is USQ now?" Barberio, E. and Hannaford, P. (ed.) AIP 2010: 19th Australian Institute of Physics Congress. Melbourne, Australia 05 - 09 Dec 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Ultraviolet reflection and outdoor workers: why warm seasons have less influence on reflected UV exposures than cool seasons
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2010. "Ultraviolet reflection and outdoor workers: why warm seasons have less influence on reflected UV exposures than cool seasons." Barberio, E. and Hannaford, P. (ed.) AIP 2010: 19th Australian Institute of Physics Congress. Melbourne, Australia 05 - 09 Dec 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
Techniques for solar dosimetry in different environments
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J., Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Techniques for solar dosimetry in different environments." Gao, Wei, Schmoldt, Daniel L. and Slusser, James R. (ed.) UV radiation in global climate change: measurements, modeling and effects on ecosystems. Heidelberg, Germany. Springer. pp. 192-204
Solar UV exposures measured simultaneously to all arbitrarily oriented leaves on a plant
Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Solar UV exposures measured simultaneously to all arbitrarily oriented leaves on a plant." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 99 (2), pp. 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.02.010
Measuring the influence of UV reflection from vertical metal surfaces on humans
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2009. "Measuring the influence of UV reflection from vertical metal surfaces on humans." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 8 (1), pp. 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1039/b814006e
Extensions in pen ink dosimetry: ultraviolet calibration applications for primary and secondary schools
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Powell, Samantha, Brennan, Chris and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Extensions in pen ink dosimetry: ultraviolet calibration applications for primary and secondary schools." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 56 (1), pp. 51-56.
Solar UV exposures measured simultaneously to all arbitrarily oriented leaves on a plant
Parisi, A. V., Schouten, P., Downs, N. J. and Turner, J.. 2009. "Solar UV exposures measured simultaneously to all arbitrarily oriented leaves on a plant." MOCA 2009: Our Warming Planet. Montreal, Canada 19 - 29 Jul 2009 Montreal, Canada.
Comparison of biologically effective spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis
Parisi, A. V., Turnbull, D. J. and Turner, J.. 2009. "Comparison of biologically effective spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis." International Journal of Biometeorology: the description, causes, and implications of climatic change. 53 (1), pp. 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-008-0186-z
Measurements of the upper body ultraviolet exposure to golfers: non-melanoma skin cancer risk, and the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight
Downs, Nathan, Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Turner, Joanna. 2009. "Measurements of the upper body ultraviolet exposure to golfers: non-melanoma skin cancer risk, and the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine. 25 (6), pp. 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00472.x
Dosimeter for the measurement of plant damaging solar UV exposures
Turner, J., Parisi, A. V. and Turnbull, D. J.. 2009. "Dosimeter for the measurement of plant damaging solar UV exposures." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 149 (8), pp. 1301-1306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.002
Measurement of ultraviolet radiation reflectivity: underestimating the influence of specular reflection in personal ultraviolet radiation exposure from non-horizontal surfaces
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio. 2008. "Measurement of ultraviolet radiation reflectivity: underestimating the influence of specular reflection in personal ultraviolet radiation exposure from non-horizontal surfaces." 18th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics. Adelaide, Australia 30 Nov - 05 Dec 2008 Parkville, Vic, Australia.
Characterising the influence on human UV exposures due to reflective vertical surfaces
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio. 2008. "Characterising the influence on human UV exposures due to reflective vertical surfaces." 2008 American Society for Photobiology Symposia. Burlingame, California 20 - 25 Jun 2008 United States.
Techniques for solar dosimetry in different ecosystems
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J., Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan and Turner, Joanna. 2008. "Techniques for solar dosimetry in different ecosystems." 18th International Congress of Biometeorology (ICB2008). Tokyo 22 - 26 Sep 2008 Milwaukee, United States.
Influence of cloud and solar zenith angle on the diffuse solar erythemal UV short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J., de Byl, Chris, Schouten, Peter, Turner, Joanna and Downs, Nathan. 2009. "Influence of cloud and solar zenith angle on the diffuse solar erythemal UV short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths." Radiation Protection in Australasia. 26 (1), pp. 2-9.
Pen ink as an ultraviolet dosimeter
Downs, Nathan, Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio and Spence, Jenny. 2008. "Pen ink as an ultraviolet dosimeter." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 54 (4), pp. 41-44.
Modelling ultraviolet exposures in a school environment
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Turner, Joanna and Turnbull, David. 2008. "Modelling ultraviolet exposures in a school environment." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 7 (6), pp. 700-710. https://doi.org/10.1039/b801685b
Erythemal ultraviolet and Vitamin D effective exposures received by amateur golfers
Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio and Turner, Joanna. 2008. "Erythemal ultraviolet and Vitamin D effective exposures received by amateur golfers." 2008 Australian Health and Medical Research Congress. Brisbane, Australia 16 - 21 Nov 2008 Australia.
Golfers and UV exposures: an application of miniaturised polysulphone dosimetry
Downs, Nathan, Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Turner, Joanna. 2008. "Golfers and UV exposures: an application of miniaturised polysulphone dosimetry." 18th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics. Adelaide, Australia 30 Nov - 05 Dec 2008 Parkville, Vic, Australia.
Take-home physics experiment kit for on-campus and off-campus students
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio. 2008. "Take-home physics experiment kit for on-campus and off-campus students." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 54 (2), pp. 20-23.
Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type
Turner, J., Parisi, A. V. and Turnbull, D. J.. 2008. "Reflected solar radiation from horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces: ultraviolet and visible spectral and broadband behaviour due to solar zenith angle, orientation and surface type." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 92 (1), pp. 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.03.006
Influence of summer daylight saving time on scattered erythemal solar ultraviolet exposures
Parisi, A. V., Turner, J., Turnbull, D. J., Schouten, P. and Downs, N.. 2008. "Influence of summer daylight saving time on scattered erythemal solar ultraviolet exposures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 91 (1), pp. 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.01.010
Calculation of cloud modification factors for the horizontal plane eye damaging ultraviolet radiation
Parisi, A. V., Turnbull, D. J. and Turner, J.. 2007. "Calculation of cloud modification factors for the horizontal plane eye damaging ultraviolet radiation." Atmospheric Research. 86 (3/4), pp. 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.06.003
Cloud observations for the statistical evaluation of the UV index at Toowoomba, Australia
Parisi, A. V., Sabburg, J., Turner, J. and Dunn, P. K.. 2008. "Cloud observations for the statistical evaluation of the UV index at Toowoomba, Australia." International Journal of Biometeorology: the description, causes, and implications of climatic change. 52 (3), pp. 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-007-0106-7
Short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths comparisons of the spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2007. "Short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths comparisons of the spectra for erythema and pre-vitamin D3 synthesis." Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos / World Radiation Center: A Conference Celebrating One Century of UV Radiation Research. Davos, Switzerland 18 - 20 Sep 2007 Davos, Switzerland.
Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2007. "Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures." Environmental Health. 7 (3), pp. 75-83.
Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Turner, Joanna. 2006. "Influence of clouds on pre-vitamin D3 effective solar UV exposures." International Symposium on Environmental Health, Climate Change and Sustainability (2006). Brisbane, Australia 21 - 22 Nov 2006