The impact of strength level on adaptations to combined weightlifting, plyometric, and ballistic training

Article


James, L. P., Haff, G. Gregory, Kelly, V. G., Connick, M. J., Hoffman, B. W. and Beckman, E. M.. 2018. "The impact of strength level on adaptations to combined weightlifting, plyometric, and ballistic training ." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 28 (5), pp. 1494-1505. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13045
Article Title

The impact of strength level on adaptations to combined weightlifting, plyometric, and ballistic training

ERA Journal ID9803
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsJames, L. P. (Author), Haff, G. Gregory (Author), Kelly, V. G. (Author), Connick, M. J. (Author), Hoffman, B. W. (Author) and Beckman, E. M. (Author)
Journal TitleScandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
Journal Citation28 (5), pp. 1494-1505
Number of Pages12
Year2018
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons
Place of PublicationDenmark
ISSN0905-7188
1600-0838
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13045
Web Address (URL)https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/sms.13045
Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the magnitude of adaptation to integrated ballistic training is influenced by initial strength level. Such information is needed to inform resistance training guidelines for both higher- and lower-level athlete populations. To this end, two groups of distinctly different strength levels (stronger: one-repetition-maximum (1RM) squat = 2.01 ± 0.15 kg.BM−1; weaker: 1.20 ± 0.20 kg.BM−1) completed 10 weeks of resistance training incorporating weightlifting derivatives, plyometric actions and ballistic exercises. Testing occurred at pre-, mid- and post-training. Measures included variables derived from the incremental-load jump squat and the 1RM squat, alongside muscle activity (electromyography), and jump mechanics (force-time comparisons throughout the entire movement). The primary outcome variable was peak velocity derived from the unloaded jump squat. It was revealed that the stronger group displayed a greater (P = 0.05) change in peak velocity at midtest (baseline: 2.65±0.10 m∙s−1, midtest: 2.80±0.17 m∙s−1) but not posttest (2.85±0.18 m∙s−1) when compared to the weaker participants (baseline 2.48 ±0.09, midtest. 2.47 ±0.11, posttest: 2.61 ±0.10 m∙s−1). Different changes occurred between groups in the force-velocity relationship (P=0.001–0.04) and jump mechanics (P≤0.05), while only the stronger group displayed increases in muscle activation (P=0.05). In conclusion, the magnitude of improvement in peak velocity was significantly influenced by pre-existing strength level in the early stage of training. Changes in the mechanisms underpinning performance were less distinct.

Keywordselectromyography, jump squat, resistance training, athletic performance, neuromuscular, power
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420702. Exercise physiology
420701. Biomechanics
Public Notes

File reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher/author.

Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Queensland
Edith Cowan University
School of Health and Wellbeing
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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