Water as key to the sustainable development goals of South Sudan – A water quality assessment of Eastern Equatoria State
Article
Article Title | Water as key to the sustainable development goals of South Sudan – A water quality assessment of Eastern Equatoria State |
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ERA Journal ID | 212658 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Kut, Kwai Malak Kwai (Author), Sarswat, Ankur (Author), Bundschuh, Jochen (Author) and Mohan, Dinesh (Author) |
Journal Title | Groundwater for Sustainable Development |
Journal Citation | 8, pp. 255-270 |
Number of Pages | 16 |
Year | 2019 |
Publisher | Elsevier BV |
Place of Publication | Netherlands |
ISSN | 2352-801X |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.07.005 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X1730111X |
Abstract | South Sudan, the world's newest nation is bestowed with huge fresh water resources. However, water resources management in South Sudan is lacking in water quality monitoring data and comprehensive plans of action for sustainable water resources development. Groundwater resources in particular have been exploited for domestic and irrigation use versus surface water. However, this groundwater withdrawal has not been monitored for its level and quality. To overcome this deficit, groundwater major ion chemistry in the South Sudan's Eastern Equatoria State was evaluated to determine its suitability for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes. A total of 176 groundwater samples were collected during wet (October 2014) and dry (April 2014) seasons. Sampling points were spread around the eight counties of Eastern Equatoria. Twenty two water samples were collected from each county. The samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters including alkalinity, calcium hardness, conductivity, pH, salinity, TDS, total hardness, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, CrT, Cd2+, Cu2+, FeT, Ni2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, NO3-, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, and SiO2. Groundwater irrigation quality indices including chlorinity index, Kelli Index, magnesium ratio, percentage of sodium must be replaced by sodium percentage (%Na), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), salinity index, sodicity index, and sodium absorption ratio (SAR), were calculated to determine the groundwater suitability for agricultural uses. The results were compared with South Sudan water quality guidelines (SSWQGs) and the WHO standards. Most of the water quality parameters met the WHO standards and SSWQGs prescribed for drinking and domestic purposes. The calculated irrigation water quality indices indicated the water suitability for irrigation. |
Keywords | South Sudan, Groundwater, Water quality assessment, Major ion chemistry, Sustainable development goals |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 400513. Water resources engineering |
410404. Environmental management | |
410402. Environmental assessment and monitoring | |
Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
Byline Affiliations | Jawaharlal Nehru University, India |
Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences | |
International Centre for Applied Climate Science | |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q799v/water-as-key-to-the-sustainable-development-goals-of-south-sudan-a-water-quality-assessment-of-eastern-equatoria-state
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