Geochemical control, water quality indexing, source distribution, and potential health risk of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater: Occurrence, sources apportionment, and positive matrix factorization model
Article
Sarker, Abdur, Ayub, Muhammad, Bundschuh, Jochen, Gao, Xubo, Ullah, Zahid, Ali, Liaqat, Li, Chengcheng, Ahmad, Ajaz, Khan, Sardar, Rinklebe, Jörg and Ahmad, Parvaiz. 2023. "Geochemical control, water quality indexing, source distribution, and potential health risk of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater: Occurrence, sources apportionment, and positive matrix factorization model." Journal of Hazardous Materials. 460. https://doi.org/1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132443
| Article Title | Geochemical control, water quality indexing, source distribution, and potential health risk of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater: Occurrence, sources apportionment, and positive matrix factorization model |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 4682 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Sarker, Abdur, Ayub, Muhammad, Bundschuh, Jochen, Gao, Xubo, Ullah, Zahid, Ali, Liaqat, Li, Chengcheng, Ahmad, Ajaz, Khan, Sardar, Rinklebe, Jörg and Ahmad, Parvaiz |
| Journal Title | Journal of Hazardous Materials |
| Journal Citation | 460 |
| Article Number | 132443 |
| Number of Pages | 14 |
| Year | 2023 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Place of Publication | Netherlands |
| ISSN | 0304-3894 |
| 1873-3336 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132443 |
| Web Address (URL) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389423017260 |
| Abstract | Fluoride (F-), and arsenic (As) in the groundwater cause health problems in developing countries, including Pakistan. We evaluated the occurrence, distribution, sources apportionment, and health hazards of F-, and As in the groundwater of Mardan, Pakistan. Therefore, groundwater samples (n = 130) were collected and then analyzed for F-, and As by ion-chromatography (IC) and Inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). The F-, and As concentrations in groundwater were 0.7–14.4 mg/L and 0.5–11.2 µg/L. Relatively elevated F-, and As coexists with higher pH, Na+, HCO3-, SO4−2, and depleted Ca+2 due to fluoride, sulfide-bearing minerals, and anthropogenic inputs. Both F-, and/or As are transported in subsurface water through adsorption and desorption processes. Groundwater samples 45%, and 14.2% exceeded the WHO guidelines of 1.5 mg/L and 10 µg/L. Water quality indexing (WQI-model) declared that 35.7% samples are unfit for household purposes. Saturation and undersaturation of minerals showed precipitation and mineral dissolution. Groundwater contamination by PCA-MLR and PMF-model interpreted five factors. The fitting results and R2 values of PMF (0.52–0.99)>PCA-MLR (0.50–0.95) showed high accuracy of PMF-model. Human health risk assessment (HHRA-model) revealed high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for children than adults. The percentile recovery of F- and As was recorded 98%, and 95% with reproducibility ± 5% error. |
| Keywords | Groundwater contamination |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 410499. Environmental management not elsewhere classified |
| Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
| Byline Affiliations | China University of Geosciences, China |
| University of Peshawar, Pakistan | |
| Hazara University, Pakistan | |
| School of Engineering | |
| King Saud University, Saudi Arabia | |
| University of Wuppertal, Germany | |
| Government Degree College Pulwama, India |
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