Management to Promote Flowering Understoreys Benefits Natural Enemy Diversity, Aphid Suppression and Income in an Agroforestry System

Article

Staton, Tom, Walters, Richard, Smith, Jo, Breeze, Tom and Girling, Robbie. 2021. "Management to Promote Flowering Understoreys Benefits Natural Enemy Diversity, Aphid Suppression and Income in an Agroforestry System." Agronomy. 11 (4), p. 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040651
Article Title

Management to Promote Flowering Understoreys Benefits Natural Enemy Diversity, Aphid Suppression and Income in an Agroforestry System

ERA Journal ID200126
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsStaton, Tom, Walters, Richard, Smith, Jo, Breeze, Tom and Girling, Robbie
Journal TitleAgronomy
Journal Citation11 (4), p. 651
Article Number651
Number of Pages17
Year2021
PublisherMDPI AG
Place of PublicationSwitzerland
ISSN2073-4395
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040651
Web Address (URL)https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/651
Abstract

Agroforestry systems, where productive trees are integrated into agricultural land, can deliver benefits to biodiversity, natural pest control, and pollination, but the effects are highly variable. Recent advances in our understanding of flower strips in agricultural systems suggest that the management of the tree row understorey could be an important contributor to this variation. Here, we compare two cutting regimes for an understorey, originally seeded with the same flower mix, in the tree rows of an apple-arable agroforestry system: (i) uncut vegetation to promote a flowering understorey, and (ii) regularly mown vegetation. We recorded the effects of management on invertebrate pests, natural enemies, and pollinators, in both the apple and arable components. Apple trees above flowering understoreys supported significantly: (i) more natural enemies early in the season, (ii) fewer aphid colonies, (iii) fewer aphid-damaged fruits, and (iv) higher pollinator visitation, compared with those above mown understoreys. In the arable crop alleys, both the taxonomic richness and Shannon diversity of ground-based natural enemies were significantly higher adjacent to flowering understoreys, compared with those adjacent to mown understoreys, early in the season. Financial modelling based on aphid damage to apples, mowing costs, and income from Countryside Stewardship grants, indicated that flowering understoreys increased farm income by GBP 231.02 per ha of agroforestry compared with mown understoreys. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that management to promote flowering understoreys in agroforestry systems can be a win-win option to improve invertebrate diversity, associated ecosystem services, and farm income.

Keywordsconservation biological control; natural pest control; pests; pollination; invertebrates; silvoarable; alley cropping; flower strip; sustainable agriculture
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020410204. Ecosystem services (incl. pollination)
410203. Ecosystem function
300701. Agroforestry
300409. Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Reading, United Kingdom
Lund University, Sweden
MV Agroecological Research Centre, Portugal
Organic Research Centre, United Kingdom
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Staley, J. T., Girling, R. D., Stewart-Jones, A., Poppy, G. M., Leather, S. R. and Wright, D. J.. 2011. "Organic and conventional fertilizer effects on a tritrophic interaction: parasitism, performance and preference of Cotesia vestalis." Journal of Applied Entomology. 135 (9), pp. 658-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01604.x
Parasitoids select plants more heavily infested with their caterpillar hosts: a new approach to aid interpretation of plant headspace volatiles
Girling, Robbie D., Stewart-Jones, Alex, Dherbecourt, Julie, Staley, Joanna T., Wright, Wright and Poppy, Guy M.. 2011. "Parasitoids select plants more heavily infested with their caterpillar hosts: a new approach to aid interpretation of plant headspace volatiles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1718), pp. 2646-2653. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2725
Utilizing insect behavior in chemical detection by a behavioral biosensor
Fernández-Grandon, G., Girling, Robbie D. and Poppy, Guy M.. 2011. "Utilizing insect behavior in chemical detection by a behavioral biosensor." Journal of Plant Interactions. 6 (2-3), pp. 109-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2010.544778
The lethal and sub-lethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode infestation and exposure for adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Girling, R.D., Ennis, D., Dillon, A.B. and Griffin, C.T.. 2010. "The lethal and sub-lethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode infestation and exposure for adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 104 (3), pp. 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2010.04.003
Biology and Reproductive Behavior of Murgantia histrionica (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Zahn, Deane K, Girling, Robbie D., McElfresh, J Steven, Cardé, Ring T. and Millar, Jocelyn G. 2008. "Biology and Reproductive Behavior of Murgantia histrionica (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America: devoted to the interest of classical entomology. 101 (1), pp. 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[215:BARBOM]2.0.CO;2
Investigations into plant biochemical wound-response pathways involved in the production of aphid-induced plant volatiles
Girling, Robbie D., Madison, Rachael, Hassall, Mark, Poppy, Guy M. and Turner, John G.. 2008. "Investigations into plant biochemical wound-response pathways involved in the production of aphid-induced plant volatiles." Journal of Experimental Botany. 59 (11), pp. 3077-3085. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern163
Behavioural responses of the seven-spot ladybird Coccinella septempunctata to plant headspace chemicals collected from four crop Brassicas and Arabidopsis thaliana, infested with Myzus persicae
Girling, R.D. and Hassall, M.. 2008. "Behavioural responses of the seven-spot ladybird Coccinella septempunctata to plant headspace chemicals collected from four crop Brassicas and Arabidopsis thaliana, infested with Myzus persicae." Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 10 (4), pp. 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00379.x
Analysis and Manipulation of the Structure of Odor Plumes from a Piezo-Electric Release System and Measurements of Upwind Flight of Male Almond Moths, Cadra cautella, to Pheromone Plumes
Girling, Robbie D. and Cardé, Ring T.. 2007. "Analysis and Manipulation of the Structure of Odor Plumes from a Piezo-Electric Release System and Measurements of Upwind Flight of Male Almond Moths, Cadra cautella, to Pheromone Plumes." Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (10), pp. 1927-1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9349-3
Do turning biases by the 7-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, increase their foraging efficiency?
Girling, Robbie D., Hassall, Mark and Turner, John G.. 2007. "Do turning biases by the 7-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, increase their foraging efficiency?" Behaviour: an international journal of behaviourial biology. 144 (2), pp. 143-163. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853907779947337
Behavioural responses of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae to volatiles from Arabidopsis thaliana induced by Myzus persicae
Girling, R.D., Hassall, M., Turner, J.G. and Poppy, G.M.. 2006. "Behavioural responses of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae to volatiles from Arabidopsis thaliana induced by Myzus persicae." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 120 (1), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00423.x
Analysis and manipulation of odor-plume structure from a piezo-electric pheromone release system and its effects on upwind flight of male moths to pheromone
Girling, R.D. and Cardé, R.T.. 2006. "Analysis and manipulation of odor-plume structure from a piezo-electric pheromone release system and its effects on upwind flight of male moths to pheromone." International Society of Chemical Ecology Annual Meeting 2006. Barcelona, Spain 15 - 19 Jul 2006 Spain.
Analysis of the Courtship Behavior of the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), with a Commentary on Methods for the Analysis of Sequences of Behavioral Transitions
Girling, Robbie D. and Cardé, Ring T.. 2006. "Analysis of the Courtship Behavior of the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), with a Commentary on Methods for the Analysis of Sequences of Behavioral Transitions." Journal of Insect Behavior. 19 (4), pp. 497-520. https://doi.org/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10905-006-9041-4
Mating and mate finding behavior of the navel orangeworm
Girling, Robbie and Cardé, Ring T.. 2005. "Mating and mate finding behavior of the navel orangeworm." Entomological society of america pacific branch 89th annual meeting. Pacific Grove, California, United States 27 Feb - 02 Mar 2005 United States.
Responses of Diaeretiella rapae to volatiles induced by aphids from Arabidopsis thaliana mutants
Girling, R.D., Hassall, M., Poppy, G.M. and Turner, J.G.. 2003. "Responses of Diaeretiella rapae to volatiles induced by aphids from Arabidopsis thaliana mutants ." Royal Entomological Society’s 22nd Annual Meeting. Reading, UK 2003 - 2004
‘Handedness’ in the 7-spot ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata: a problem for y-tube olfactometry
Girling, Robbie and Hassall, Mark. 2002. "‘Handedness’ in the 7-spot ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata: a problem for y-tube olfactometry." International Society of Chemical Ecology Annual Meeting 2002. Hamburg, Germany 03 - 07 Aug 2002 Germany.