Automated monitoring of fall armyworm natural enemies in summer grain crops

Presentation


McCarthy, Alison, Girling, Robbie and Miles, Melina. 2025. "Automated monitoring of fall armyworm natural enemies in summer grain crops ." Australian Summer Grains Conference 2025. Benowa, Australia 07 - 09 Jul 2025
Paper/Presentation Title

Automated monitoring of fall armyworm natural enemies in summer grain crops

Presentation TypePresentation
AuthorsMcCarthy, Alison, Girling, Robbie and Miles, Melina
Year2025
Conference/EventAustralian Summer Grains Conference 2025
Event Details
Australian Summer Grains Conference 2025
Delivery
In person
Event Date
07 to end of 09 Jul 2025
Event Location
Benowa, Australia
Event Venue
RACV Royal Pines Resort Gold Coast
Event Web Address (URL)
Abstract

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a highly destructive pest that causes devastating losses in crop quality and yield and is estimated to cost Queensland growers $55-$95 million annually in sorghum and $9-$14 million annually in maize. A heavy reliance on insecticides increases input costs for growers and the risk of insecticide resistance development. In some regions and seasons, natural enemies (beneficials) play an important role in supressing FAW populations below damaging levels. Egg parasitioids, like Trichogramma pretiosum, offer maximum benefit by killing the developing larva in the egg, preventing the emergence of damaging larvae into the crop.

However, monitoring for Trichogramma is challenging due to their microscopic size (0.5mm) and involves manual, timely and costly assessments of sentinel egg cards for presence and impact. Sensing technology has potential to automate monitoring on sentinel egg cards and field deployable systems and have been demonstrated in research studies including on egg cards for Helicoverpa armigera. Being able to assess natural enemy activity in real time will inform management decisions like timing the use of softer insecticides.
A machine vision camera system was selected, and an image analysis algorithm developed to automatically detect the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum on egg cards. Every 2 days, leaves with fresh FAW egg masses were placed in front the camera and the camera near-continuously imaged the egg masses and other insect visitors to the egg card. Four machine vision systems were built and installed in a sweet corn trial at Gatton (Queensland) for 6 weeks in early 2024. The developed image analysis algorithm detected the egg parasitoid with R²=0.932 and identified trends in visits in relation to environmental conditions. Further work includes automated detection of other egg parasitoid species, insect behaviour (e.g. foraging, laying) and comparison of the detected parasitoid levels with in-field parasitoid releases.

Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300409. Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)
460304. Computer vision
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Byline AffiliationsCentre for Agricultural Engineering
Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Systems
Department of Primary Industries, Queensland
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Foley, J.P., Gillies, M.H. and McCarthy, A.C.. 2018. Smart Automated Broad-acre Irrigation (Smarter Irrigation for Profit RRDP1603). Australia. Cotton Research and Development Corporation.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of temperate silvoarable systems-what contribution do ecosystem services make?
Staton, T, Walters, R, Smith, J, Chesshire, H and Girling, R. 2018. "A cost-effectiveness analysis of temperate silvoarable systems-what contribution do ecosystem services make?" Ferreiro-Domínguez, Nuria and Mosquera-Losada, María Rosa (ed.) European Agroforestry Conference (EURAF2018). Nijmegen, The Netherlands 28 - 30 May 2018 The Netherlands.
Elevated ozone alters the plume structure of an important floral volatile organic compound (α-terpinene): a detailed mapping at temporal and spatial scales relevant to insects
Girling, R.D., Hayden, P., Langford, B., Mullinger, N., Nemitz, E., Pfrang, C., Robins, A. and Touhami, D.. 2018. "Elevated ozone alters the plume structure of an important floral volatile organic compound (α-terpinene): a detailed mapping at temporal and spatial scales relevant to insects ." International Society of Chemical Ecology Annual Meeting 2018. Budapest, Hungary 12 - 18 Aug 2018 Hungary.
IPM practices on arable farms in the UK and Ireland
Creissen, H, Tranter, R, Jones, P, Burnett, F, Jess, S, Girling, R, Gaffney, MI, Thorne, F and Kildea, S. 2018. "IPM practices on arable farms in the UK and Ireland." The Dundee Conference: Crop Production in Northern Britain 2018 (CPNB 2018). Dundee, United Kingdom 27 - 28 Feb 2018 United Kingdom.
Sense-T: Sensor smart irrigation
McCarthy, Alison, Shippam, Ralph and Agustina, Lidya. 2017. Sense-T: Sensor smart irrigation. Australia. Sense-T.
Automated camera-based crop and irrigation monitoring
McCarthy, Alison. 2016. "Automated camera-based crop and irrigation monitoring." 18th Australian Cotton Conference (2016). Gold Coast, Australia 02 - 04 Aug 2016
Smarter irrigation for profit - increasing farm profit through efficient use of irrigation input to dairy pastures
Hills, James, McCarthy, Alison, Foley, Joseph and McLaren, David. 2016. "Smarter irrigation for profit - increasing farm profit through efficient use of irrigation input to dairy pastures." 7th Australian Dairy Science Symposium (2016). Sydney, Australia 16 - 18 Nov 2016 Australia.
Improving horticulture irrigation and fertiliser application using real-time, adaptive control
McCarthy, Alison. 2017. Improving horticulture irrigation and fertiliser application using real-time, adaptive control. Australia. Queensland Government.
Optimal irrigation of cotton via real-time, adaptive control
McCarthy, Alison, Smith, Rod and Hancock, Nigel. 2013. Optimal irrigation of cotton via real-time, adaptive control. Narrabri, Australia. Cotton Research and Development Corporation.
Advancing VARIwise towards autonomous irrigation and a grower's guide
McCarthy, Alison, Antille, Diogenes, Skowronski, Victor, Zhao, Bo, Kodur, Shreevatsa, Nguyen-Ky, Tai and Raine, Steven. 2016. Advancing VARIwise towards autonomous irrigation and a grower's guide. Narrabri, Australia. Cotton Research and Development Corporation.
A preliminary evaluation of using fixed cameras for phenology measurements in a maize and soybean crop 2016/17
McCarthy, Alison and Raine, Steven. 2017. A preliminary evaluation of using fixed cameras for phenology measurements in a maize and soybean crop 2016/17. United States. Monsanto.
Weed Suppression and Tolerance in Winter Oats
Fradgley, Nick S., Creissen, Henry E., Pearce, Helen, Howlett, Sally A., Pearce, Bruce D., Döring, Thomas F. and Girling, Robbie D.. 2017. "Weed Suppression and Tolerance in Winter Oats." Weed Technology. 31 (5), pp. 740-751. https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.46
New reports on dixenic associations between the symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, and non-symbiotic bacteria
Kary, Naser Eivazian, Mohammadi, Davoud and Girling, Robbie. 2017. "New reports on dixenic associations between the symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, and non-symbiotic bacteria." Journal of Crop Protection. 6 (4), pp. 497-511.
Remote monitoring and automatic detection of grain crop attributes
McCarthy, Alison, Tscharke, Matthew and Schmidt, Erik. 2014. Remote monitoring and automatic detection of grain crop attributes. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Automated site-specific irrigation framework and evaluation
McCarthy, Alison. 2016. "Automated site-specific irrigation framework and evaluation." Irrigation Australia International Conference and Exhibition 2016: Irrigation - For Prosperity and Wellbeing. Melbourne, Australia 24 - 26 May 2016
VARIwise: site-specific surface irrigation and fertigation using adaptive control
McCarthy, Alison. 2015. "VARIwise: site-specific surface irrigation and fertigation using adaptive control." 2015 Cotton Irrigation Technology Tour. Emerald & Moree & Nevertire, Australia 10 - 12 Feb 2015 Australia.
Development of an integrated plant-based image sensing system for soil-water and nitrogen status estimation in cotton
McCarthy, Alison and Nguyen, Tai. 2015. Development of an integrated plant-based image sensing system for soil-water and nitrogen status estimation in cotton. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Control and sensing systems for automated site-specific irrigation
McCarthy, Alison. 2015. "Control and sensing systems for automated site-specific irrigation." CCA Cropping Solutions Seminar 2015. Moree, Australia 29 - 30 Jul 2015
Automated site-specific control and sensing for irrigating dairy pastures
McCarthy, Alison. 2015. "Automated site-specific control and sensing for irrigating dairy pastures." Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture Dairy Centre Open Day 2015: Tips, Tools and Technologies to Better Manage Climate Variability. Burnie, Australia 02 Dec 2015
Image analysis and artificial intelligence based approach for soil-water and nitrogen status estimation
McCarthy, Alison, Nguyen, Tai and Raine, Steven. 2015. "Image analysis and artificial intelligence based approach for soil-water and nitrogen status estimation." 2nd Australian Cotton Research Conference 2015: Science Securing Cotton's Future. Toowoomba, Australia 08 - 10 Sep 2015 Australia.
Data requirements for automated model-based control of irrigation and fertiliser application
McCarthy, Alison and Raine, Steven. 2015. "Data requirements for automated model-based control of irrigation and fertiliser application." Acuna, T., Moeller, C., Parsons, D. and Harrison, M. (ed.) 17th Australian Agronomy Conference 2015: Building Productive, Diverse and Sustainable Landscapes (AAC 2015). Hobart, Australia 20 - 24 Sep 2015 Warragul, Australia.
Automated camera-based height and flower detection for wheat and chickpea
McCarthy, Alison and Tscharke, Matthew. 2014. "Automated camera-based height and flower detection for wheat and chickpea." 5th International Workshop on Applications of Computer Image Analysis and Spectroscopy in Agriculture (ASABE 2014). Montreal, Canada 12 - 13 Jul 2014 St. Joseph, MI. United States.
Real-time irrigation decision-making and control for site-specific irrigation of cotton using a centre pivot, 2012/13
McCarthy, Alison, Smith, Rod and Hancock, Nigel. 2014. "Real-time irrigation decision-making and control for site-specific irrigation of cotton using a centre pivot, 2012/13." Irrigation Australia Conference 2014: Water for Life, Future for All. Gold Coast, Australia 02 - 06 Jun 2014 Sydney, Australia.
VARIwise: towards autonomous irrigation and a grower's guide
McCarthy, A. C.. 2014. "VARIwise: towards autonomous irrigation and a grower's guide." IRRICOMM – communication of irrigation research in cotton (2014). Narrabri, Australia 11 - 12 Mar 2014 Narrabri, Australia.
Autonomous site-specific irrigation control: the current state and a vision of a future system [Keynote]
McCarthy, Alison, Smith, Rod and Gillies, Malcolm. 2014. "Autonomous site-specific irrigation control: the current state and a vision of a future system [Keynote]." Keppell, Mike and Reushle, Shirley (ed.) 2nd Digital Rural Futures Conference 2014. Toowoomba, Australia 25 - 27 Jun 2014 Toowoomba, Australia.
Real-time control approaches for site-specific irrigation and fertigation optimisation
McCarthy, Alison, Nguyen, Tai and Raine, Steven. 2014. "Real-time control approaches for site-specific irrigation and fertigation optimisation." Keppell, Mike and Reushle, Shirley (ed.) 2nd Digital Rural Futures Conference 2014. Toowoomba, Australia 25 - 27 Jun 2014
Field-scale evaluation of furrow fertigation using liquid nitrogen
Antille, Diogenes L. and McCarthy, Alison C.. 2014. "Field-scale evaluation of furrow fertigation using liquid nitrogen." 17th Australian Cotton Conference (ACC 2014): Our Fibre, Our Focus, Our Future. Gold Coast, Australia 05 - 07 Aug 2014 Narrabri, Australia.
Effect of spatial variability on data requirements for site-specific irrigation
McCarthy, Alison. 2014. "Effect of spatial variability on data requirements for site-specific irrigation." 17th Australian Cotton Conference (ACC 2014): Our Fibre, Our Focus, Our Future. Gold Coast, Australia 05 - 07 Aug 2014 Narrabri, Australia.
Simulation of irrigation control strategies for cotton using model predictive control within the VARIwise simulation framework
McCarthy, Alison C., Hancock, Nigel H. and Raine, Steven R.. 2014. "Simulation of irrigation control strategies for cotton using model predictive control within the VARIwise simulation framework." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 101, pp. 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2013.12.004
Holistic control system design for large mobile irrigation machines
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven. 2015. "Holistic control system design for large mobile irrigation machines." Billingsley, John and Brett, Peter (ed.) Machine vision and mechatronics in practice. Heidelberg, Germany. Springer. pp. 177-184
Development and simulation of sensor-based irrigation control strategies for cotton using the VARIwise simulation framework
McCarthy, Alison C., Hancock, Nigel H. and Raine, Steven R.. 2014. "Development and simulation of sensor-based irrigation control strategies for cotton using the VARIwise simulation framework." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 101, pp. 148-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2013.12.014
Development and application of process-based simulation models for cotton production: a review of past, present, and future directions
Thorp, K. R., Ale, S., Bange, M. P., Barnes, E. M., Hoogenboom, G., Lascano, R. J., McCarthy, A. C., Nair, S., Paz, J. O., Rajan, N., Reddy, K. R., Wall, G. W. and White, J. W.. 2014. "Development and application of process-based simulation models for cotton production: a review of past, present, and future directions." Journal of Cotton Science. 18 (1), pp. 10-47.
The Effects of Diesel Exhaust Pollution on Floral Volatiles and the Consequences for Honey Bee Olfaction
Lusebrink, Inka, Girling, Robbie D., Farthing, Emily, Newman, Tracey A., Jackson, Chris W. and Poppy, Guy M.. 2015. "The Effects of Diesel Exhaust Pollution on Floral Volatiles and the Consequences for Honey Bee Olfaction." Journal of Chemical Ecology. 41 (10), pp. 904-912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-015-0624-4
The Role of Agroecology in Sustainable Intensification
Lampkin, N.H., Pearce, B.D., Leake, A.R., Creissen, H., Gerrard, C., Girling, R., Lloyd, S., Padel, S., Smith, J., Smith, L.G., Vieweger, A. and Wolfe, M.S.. 2015. The Role of Agroecology in Sustainable Intensification. United Kingdom. Organic Research Centre.
Trajectories of pheromone plumes in an orchard canopy at night
Girling, Robbie, Higbee, BS and Cardé, RT. 2015. "Trajectories of pheromone plumes in an orchard canopy at night." International Society of Chemical Ecology Annual Meeting 2015. Stockholm, Sweden 29 Jun - 03 Jul 2015 Sweden.
An online toolbox for cover crops and living mulches
Crossland, Mary, Fradgley, Nick, Creissen, Henry, Howlett, Sally, Baresel, Peter, Finckh, Maria and Girling, Robbie. 2015. "An online toolbox for cover crops and living mulches."
Advances in intelligent and autonomous systems to improve irrigation and fertiliser efficiency
Raine, Steven R. and McCarthy, Alison C.. 2014. "Advances in intelligent and autonomous systems to improve irrigation and fertiliser efficiency." Currie, L. D. and Christensen, C. L. (ed.) Nutrient management for the farm, catchment and community. Palmerston North, New Zealand 18 - 20 Feb 2014 Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Agroforestry: integrating apple and arable production as an approach to reducing copper use in organic and low-input apple production
Smith, J, Girling, RD, Wolfe, MS and Pearce, B. 2014. "Agroforestry: integrating apple and arable production as an approach to reducing copper use in organic and low-input apple production." Agriculture and the Environment X: Delivering Multiple Benefits from our Land: Sustainable Development in Practice. Edinburgh, Scotland 15 - 16 Apr 2014 Scotland.
Adaptive winter wheat populations: development, genetic characterisation and application
Girling, Robbie D., Döring, Thomas F., Cousins, John, Creissen, Henry, Crowley, Oliver, Fish, Lesley, Fradgley, Nick, Griffiths, Simon, Haigh, Zoë, Howlett, Sally A., Jones, Hannah E., Knapp, Samuel, Pearce, Bruce D., Pearce, Helen, Snape, John, Stobart, Ron, Winkler, Louisa R., Whitley, Andrew and Wolfe, Martin S.. 2014. Adaptive winter wheat populations: development, genetic characterisation and application.
Real-time, web-enabled adaptive control and monitoring of surface and overhead irrigation systems
McCarthy, Alison, Gillies, Malcolm and Smith, Rod. 2013. "Real-time, web-enabled adaptive control and monitoring of surface and overhead irrigation systems." Lamb, David (ed.) 1st Digital Rural Futures Conference: Smart Farms - Smart Regions (DRF 2013). Armidale, Australia 26 - 28 Jun 2013 Armidale, Australia.
VARIwise simulation of variable-rate irrigation of cotton via adaptive control: first results
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven. 2010. "VARIwise simulation of variable-rate irrigation of cotton via adaptive control: first results." 15th Australian Cotton Conference 2010: Fashioning the Future. Gold Coast, Australia 10 - 12 Aug 2010 Gold Coast, Australia.
Development of a sensing system for automated cotton fruit load and vegetation estimation
McCarthy, Alison and Hancock, Nigel. 2013. "Development of a sensing system for automated cotton fruit load and vegetation estimation." Whitehouse, Mary (ed.) Inaugural Australian Cotton Research Conference 2013: Stimulating Science in Cotton. Narrabri, Australia 08 - 11 Sep 2013
Improving irrigation efficiency through precision irrigation in South East Queensland
Eberhard, J., McHugh, A., Scobie, M., Schmidt, E., McCarthy, A., Uddin, Md J., McKeering, L. and Poulter, R.. 2013. Improving irrigation efficiency through precision irrigation in South East Queensland. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Real-time adaptive control of furrow irrigation: preliminary results of cotton field trial
McCarthy, Alison, Smith, Rod and Hancock, Nigel. 2012. "Real-time adaptive control of furrow irrigation: preliminary results of cotton field trial." Irrigation Australia Conference (IAL 2012). Adelaide, Australia 24 - 29 Jun 2012 Sydney, Australia.
Real-time model predictive control of surface irrigation for cotton: setup of field trial
McCarthy, Alison, Smith, Rod and Hancock, Nigel. 2012. "Real-time model predictive control of surface irrigation for cotton: setup of field trial." 16th Australian Cotton Conference (ACC 2012): Growing Better all the Time. Gold Coast, Australia 14 - 16 Aug 2012 Gold Coast, Australia.
Precision agriculture technologies for the Australian nut industries
McCarthy, Alison and Jensen, Troy. 2012. "Precision agriculture technologies for the Australian nut industries." 3rd Australian Nut Industry Research Forum (ANIC 2012). Brisbane, Australia 21 Sep 2012 Gold Coast, Australia.
Review of precision irrigation technologies and their application
Smith, R. J., Baillie, J. N., McCarthy, A. C., Raine, S. R. and Baillie, C. P.. 2010. Review of precision irrigation technologies and their application. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Organic soils promote the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes, with different foraging strategies, in the control of a major forest pest: A meta-analysis of field trial data
Williams, Christopher D., Dillon, Aoife B., Girling, Robbie and Griffin, Christine T.. 2013. "Organic soils promote the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes, with different foraging strategies, in the control of a major forest pest: A meta-analysis of field trial data." Biological Control. 65 (3), pp. 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.03.013
Diesel exhaust pollution affects learning abilities and leads to an altered stress response in the CNS of the honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Reitmayer, C., Newman, T.A., Girling, R. and Farthing, E.. 2013. "Diesel exhaust pollution affects learning abilities and leads to an altered stress response in the CNS of the honey bee (Apis mellifera)." XI European Meeting on Glial Cell Function in Health and Disease. Berlin, Germany 03 Jul - 06 Sep 2013 Germany.
Olfactory selection of Plantago lanceolata by snails declines with seedling age
Hanley, M. E., Girling, R. D., Felix, A. E., Olliff, E. D., Newland, P. L. and Poppy, G. M.. 2013. "Olfactory selection of Plantago lanceolata by snails declines with seedling age." Annals of Botany. 112 (4), pp. 671-676. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct003
Diesel exhaust rapidly degrades floral odours used by honeybees
Girling, Robbie D., Lusebrink, Inka, Farthing, Emily, Newman, Tracey A. and Poppy, Guy M.. 2013. "Diesel exhaust rapidly degrades floral odours used by honeybees." Scientific Reports. 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02779
The Plume Also Rises: Trajectories of Pheromone Plumes Issuing from Point Sources in an Orchard Canopy at Night
Girling, Robbie D., Higbee, Bradley S. and Cardé, Ring T.. 2013. "The Plume Also Rises: Trajectories of Pheromone Plumes Issuing from Point Sources in an Orchard Canopy at Night." Journal of Chemical Ecology. 39 (9), pp. 1150-1160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0341-9
Advanced process control of irrigation: the current state and an analysis to aid future development
McCarthy, Alison C., Hancock, Nigel H. and Raine, Steven R.. 2013. "Advanced process control of irrigation: the current state and an analysis to aid future development." Irrigation Science. 31 (3), pp. 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0313-1
NPSI/IAL travel fellowship 2010: site-specific irrigation control and sensing systems
McCarthy, Alison. 2011. "NPSI/IAL travel fellowship 2010: site-specific irrigation control and sensing systems." Irrigation Australia. 26 (4), pp. 34-35.
Real-time data requirements for model-based adaptive control of irrigation scheduling in cotton
McCarthy, A. C., Hancock, N. H. and Raine, S. R.. 2011. "Real-time data requirements for model-based adaptive control of irrigation scheduling in cotton." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 8 (2), pp. 189-206.
Effects of organic and conventional fertilizer treatments on host selection by the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae
Pope, T. W., Girling, R. D., Staley, J. T., Trigodet, B., Wright, D. J., Leather, S. R., van Emden, H. F. and Poppy, G. M.. 2012. "Effects of organic and conventional fertilizer treatments on host selection by the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae." Journal of Applied Entomology. 136 (6), pp. 445-455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01667.x
Does acute exposure to diesel exhaust pollution elicit a neurological stress response in honeybees and impact on their ability to learn and memorize a floral odor?
Girling, RD, Reitmayer, CM, Farthing, E, Lusebrink, I, Jackson, CW, Poppy, GM and Newman, TA. 2012. "Does acute exposure to diesel exhaust pollution elicit a neurological stress response in honeybees and impact on their ability to learn and memorize a floral odor?" International Society of Chemical Ecology Annual Meeting 2012. Vilnius, Lithuania 22 201 - 26 Jul 2012
Observations on the flight paths of the day-flying moth Virbia lamae during periods of mate location: do males have a strategy for contacting the pheromone plume?
Cardé, Ring T., Cardé, Anja M. and Girling, Robbie D.. 2012. "Observations on the flight paths of the day-flying moth Virbia lamae during periods of mate location: do males have a strategy for contacting the pheromone plume?" Journal of Animal Ecology. 81 (1), pp. 268-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01887.x
Improved irrigation of cotton via real-time, adaptive control of large mobile irrigation machines
McCarthy, Alison. 2010. Improved irrigation of cotton via real-time, adaptive control of large mobile irrigation machines. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
VARIwise: a general-purpose adaptive control simulation framework for spatially and temporally varied irrigation at sub-field scale
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "VARIwise: a general-purpose adaptive control simulation framework for spatially and temporally varied irrigation at sub-field scale." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 70 (1), pp. 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2009.09.011
Simulation of adaptive site-specific irrigation control performance with spatially variable rainfall
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "Simulation of adaptive site-specific irrigation control performance with spatially variable rainfall." Montagu, Kelvin (ed.) Australian Irrigation Conference and Exibition 2010: One Water Many Futures. Sydney, Australia 08 - 10 Jun 2010 Sydney, Australia.
Simulation of site-specific irrigation control strategies with sparse input data
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2010. "Simulation of site-specific irrigation control strategies with sparse input data." 17th World Congress of the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR 2010): Sustainable Biosystems Through Engineering. Quebec City, Canada 13 - 17 Jun 2010 Quebec, Canada.
Organic and conventional fertilizer effects on a tritrophic interaction: parasitism, performance and preference of Cotesia vestalis
Staley, J. T., Girling, R. D., Stewart-Jones, A., Poppy, G. M., Leather, S. R. and Wright, D. J.. 2011. "Organic and conventional fertilizer effects on a tritrophic interaction: parasitism, performance and preference of Cotesia vestalis." Journal of Applied Entomology. 135 (9), pp. 658-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01604.x
Parasitoids select plants more heavily infested with their caterpillar hosts: a new approach to aid interpretation of plant headspace volatiles
Girling, Robbie D., Stewart-Jones, Alex, Dherbecourt, Julie, Staley, Joanna T., Wright, Wright and Poppy, Guy M.. 2011. "Parasitoids select plants more heavily infested with their caterpillar hosts: a new approach to aid interpretation of plant headspace volatiles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1718), pp. 2646-2653. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2725
Utilizing insect behavior in chemical detection by a behavioral biosensor
Fernández-Grandon, G., Girling, Robbie D. and Poppy, Guy M.. 2011. "Utilizing insect behavior in chemical detection by a behavioral biosensor." Journal of Plant Interactions. 6 (2-3), pp. 109-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2010.544778
Holistic control system design for large mobile irrigation machines
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven. 2010. "Holistic control system design for large mobile irrigation machines." 16th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP 2010). Darussalam, Brunei 22 - 24 Jun 2010 Toowoomba, Australia.
Development of a simulation framework for variable-rate irrigation of cotton
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2008. "Development of a simulation framework for variable-rate irrigation of cotton." 14th Australian Cotton Conference: New Beginnings – Cotton in a Climate of Change. Gold Coast, Australia 12 - 14 Aug 2008 Narrabri, NSW, Australia.
Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control
Smith, R. J., Raine, Steven R., McCarthy, Alison and Hancock, Nigel. 2009. "Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering. 7 (1), pp. 79-90.
The lethal and sub-lethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode infestation and exposure for adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Girling, R.D., Ennis, D., Dillon, A.B. and Griffin, C.T.. 2010. "The lethal and sub-lethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode infestation and exposure for adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 104 (3), pp. 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2010.04.003
Exploration of data requirements for adaptive control of irrigation scheduling
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2009. "Exploration of data requirements for adaptive control of irrigation scheduling." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2009: Agricultural Technologies In a Changing Climate. Brisbane, Australia 13 - 16 Sep 2009 Brisbane, Australia.
Towards evaluation of adaptive control systems for improved site-specific irrigation of cotton
McCarthy, Alison, Hancock, Nigel and Raine, Steven R.. 2008. "Towards evaluation of adaptive control systems for improved site-specific irrigation of cotton." Irrigation Australia 2008: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition: Share the Water, Share the Benefits. Melbourne, Australia 20 - 22 May 2008 Hornsby, NSW, Australia.
Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control
Smith, R. J., Raine, Steven R., McCarthy, Alison and Hancock, Nigel. 2007. "Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2007: Agriculture and Engineering - Challenge Today, Technology Tomorrow. Adelaide, Australia 24 - 26 Sep 2007 Australia.
Biology and Reproductive Behavior of Murgantia histrionica (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Zahn, Deane K, Girling, Robbie D., McElfresh, J Steven, Cardé, Ring T. and Millar, Jocelyn G. 2008. "Biology and Reproductive Behavior of Murgantia histrionica (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America: devoted to the interest of classical entomology. 101 (1), pp. 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[215:BARBOM]2.0.CO;2
Investigations into plant biochemical wound-response pathways involved in the production of aphid-induced plant volatiles
Girling, Robbie D., Madison, Rachael, Hassall, Mark, Poppy, Guy M. and Turner, John G.. 2008. "Investigations into plant biochemical wound-response pathways involved in the production of aphid-induced plant volatiles." Journal of Experimental Botany. 59 (11), pp. 3077-3085. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern163
Behavioural responses of the seven-spot ladybird Coccinella septempunctata to plant headspace chemicals collected from four crop Brassicas and Arabidopsis thaliana, infested with Myzus persicae
Girling, R.D. and Hassall, M.. 2008. "Behavioural responses of the seven-spot ladybird Coccinella septempunctata to plant headspace chemicals collected from four crop Brassicas and Arabidopsis thaliana, infested with Myzus persicae." Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 10 (4), pp. 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00379.x
Analysis and Manipulation of the Structure of Odor Plumes from a Piezo-Electric Release System and Measurements of Upwind Flight of Male Almond Moths, Cadra cautella, to Pheromone Plumes
Girling, Robbie D. and Cardé, Ring T.. 2007. "Analysis and Manipulation of the Structure of Odor Plumes from a Piezo-Electric Release System and Measurements of Upwind Flight of Male Almond Moths, Cadra cautella, to Pheromone Plumes." Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33 (10), pp. 1927-1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9349-3
Do turning biases by the 7-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, increase their foraging efficiency?
Girling, Robbie D., Hassall, Mark and Turner, John G.. 2007. "Do turning biases by the 7-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, increase their foraging efficiency?" Behaviour: an international journal of behaviourial biology. 144 (2), pp. 143-163. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853907779947337
Behavioural responses of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae to volatiles from Arabidopsis thaliana induced by Myzus persicae
Girling, R.D., Hassall, M., Turner, J.G. and Poppy, G.M.. 2006. "Behavioural responses of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae to volatiles from Arabidopsis thaliana induced by Myzus persicae." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 120 (1), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00423.x
Analysis and manipulation of odor-plume structure from a piezo-electric pheromone release system and its effects on upwind flight of male moths to pheromone
Girling, R.D. and Cardé, R.T.. 2006. "Analysis and manipulation of odor-plume structure from a piezo-electric pheromone release system and its effects on upwind flight of male moths to pheromone." International Society of Chemical Ecology Annual Meeting 2006. Barcelona, Spain 15 - 19 Jul 2006 Spain.
Analysis of the Courtship Behavior of the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), with a Commentary on Methods for the Analysis of Sequences of Behavioral Transitions
Girling, Robbie D. and Cardé, Ring T.. 2006. "Analysis of the Courtship Behavior of the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), with a Commentary on Methods for the Analysis of Sequences of Behavioral Transitions." Journal of Insect Behavior. 19 (4), pp. 497-520. https://doi.org/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10905-006-9041-4
Mating and mate finding behavior of the navel orangeworm
Girling, Robbie and Cardé, Ring T.. 2005. "Mating and mate finding behavior of the navel orangeworm." Entomological society of america pacific branch 89th annual meeting. Pacific Grove, California, United States 27 Feb - 02 Mar 2005 United States.
Responses of Diaeretiella rapae to volatiles induced by aphids from Arabidopsis thaliana mutants
Girling, R.D., Hassall, M., Poppy, G.M. and Turner, J.G.. 2003. "Responses of Diaeretiella rapae to volatiles induced by aphids from Arabidopsis thaliana mutants ." Royal Entomological Society’s 22nd Annual Meeting. Reading, UK 2003 - 2004
‘Handedness’ in the 7-spot ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata: a problem for y-tube olfactometry
Girling, Robbie and Hassall, Mark. 2002. "‘Handedness’ in the 7-spot ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata: a problem for y-tube olfactometry." International Society of Chemical Ecology Annual Meeting 2002. Hamburg, Germany 03 - 07 Aug 2002 Germany.