The Keys to Controlling Wheat Rusts: Identification and Deployment of Genetic Resistance

Article


Norman, Michael, Bariana, Harbans, Bansal, Urmil and Periyannan, Sambasivam. 2023. "The Keys to Controlling Wheat Rusts: Identification and Deployment of Genetic Resistance." Phytopathology: International Journal of the American Phytopathological Society. 113 (4), pp. 667-677. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-23-0041-IA
Article Title

The Keys to Controlling Wheat Rusts: Identification and Deployment of Genetic Resistance

ERA Journal ID2639
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsNorman, Michael, Bariana, Harbans, Bansal, Urmil and Periyannan, Sambasivam
Journal TitlePhytopathology: International Journal of the American Phytopathological Society
Journal Citation113 (4), pp. 667-677
Number of Pages11
Year2023
PublisherAmerican Phytopathological Society
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0031-949X
1943-7684
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-23-0041-IA
Web Address (URL)https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PHYTO-02-23-0041-IA
AbstractRust diseases are among the major constraints for wheat production worldwide due to the emergence and spread of highly destructive races of Puccinia. The most common approach to minimize yield losses due to rust is to use cultivars that are genetically resistant. Modern wheat cultivars, landraces, and wild relatives can contain undiscovered resistance genes, which typically encode kinase or nucleotide-binding site leucine rich repeat (NLR) domain containing receptor proteins. Recent research has shown that these genes can provide either resistance in all growth stages (all-stage resistance; ASR) or specially in later growth stages (adult-plant resistance; APR). ASR genes are pathogen and race-specific, meaning can function against selected races of the Puccinia fungus due to the necessity to recognize specific avirulence molecules in the pathogen. APR genes are either pathogen-specific or multipathogen resistant but often race-nonspecific. Prediction of resistance genes through rust infection screening alone remains complex when more than one resistance gene is present. However, breakthroughs during the past half century such as the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genotyping techniques and resistance gene isolation strategies like mutagenesis, resistance gene enrichment, and sequencing (MutRenSeq), mutagenesis and chromosome sequencing (MutChromSeq), and association genetics combined with RenSeq (AgRenSeq) enables rapid transfer of resistance from source to modern cultivars. There is a strong need for combining multiple genes for better efficacy and longer-lasting resistance. Hence, techniques like gene cassette creation speeds up the gene combination process, but their widespread adoption and commercial use is limited due to their transgenic nature.
Keywordsdisease resistance; genetics; fungal pathogens; genomics
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300103. Agricultural molecular engineering of nucleic acids and proteins
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Byline AffiliationsCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia
University of Sydney
Western Sydney University
School of Agriculture and Environmental Science
Centre for Crop Health
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