Comprehensive analysis of little leaf disease incidence and resistance in eggplant

Article

Muthusamy, Muthusamy, Yogiraj, Gawande Priya, Elaiyabharath, Thiyagarajan, Jesu, Bonipas Antony John, Johnson, Iruthayasamy, Jaffer, Shajith Basha, Dhanabalan, Shanmuga Priya, Boopathi, Narayanan Manikanda, Marimuthu, Subbaiyan, Shobeiri Nejad, Hamid, Adorada, Dante L. and Periyannan, Sambasivam. 2024. "Comprehensive analysis of little leaf disease incidence and resistance in eggplant." BMC Plant Biology. 24, p. 576. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05257-4
Article Title

Comprehensive analysis of little leaf disease incidence and resistance in eggplant

ERA Journal ID2567
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMuthusamy, Muthusamy, Yogiraj, Gawande Priya, Elaiyabharath, Thiyagarajan, Jesu, Bonipas Antony John, Johnson, Iruthayasamy, Jaffer, Shajith Basha, Dhanabalan, Shanmuga Priya, Boopathi, Narayanan Manikanda, Marimuthu, Subbaiyan, Shobeiri Nejad, Hamid, Adorada, Dante L. and Periyannan, Sambasivam
Journal TitleBMC Plant Biology
Journal Citation24, p. 576
Number of Pages14
Year2024
PublisherBioMed Central Ltd.
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN1471-2229
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05257-4
Web Address (URL)https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-024-05257-4
Abstract

Background
Little leaf disease caused by phytoplasma infection is a significant threat to eggplant (also known as brinjal) cultivation in India. This study focused on the molecular characterisation of the phytoplasma strains and insect vectors responsible for its transmission and screening of brinjal germplasm for resistance to little leaf disease.

Results
Surveys conducted across districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India during 2021–2022 showed a higher incidence of phytoplasma during the Zaid (March to June), followed by Kharif (June to November) and Rabi (November to March) seasons with mean incidence ranging from 22 to 27%. As the name indicates, phytoplasma infection results in little leaf (reduction in leaf size), excessive growth of axillary shoots, virescence, phyllody, stunted growth, leaf chlorosis and witches’ broom symptoms. PCR amplification with phytoplasma-specific primers confirmed the presence of this pathogen in all symptomatic brinjal plants and in Hishimonus phycitis (leafhopper), providing valuable insights into the role of leafhoppers in disease transmission. BLAST search and phylogenetic analysis revealed the phytoplasma strain as “Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii”. Insect population and disease dynamics are highly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Further, the evaluation of 22 eggplant accessions revealed immune to highly susceptible responses where over 50% of the entries were highly susceptible. Finally, additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and won-where biplot analyses identified G18 as a best-performing accession for little leaf resistance due to its consistent responses across multiple environments.

Conclusions
This research contributes essential information on little leaf incidence, symptoms, transmission and resistance profiles of different brinjal genotypes, which together ensure effective and sustainable management of this important disease of eggplants.

KeywordsLittle leaf; Resistant genotypes; Leafhopper-Hishimonas phycitis; Eggplant; Phytoplasma
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300406. Crop and pasture improvement (incl. selection and breeding)
Byline AffiliationsCentre for Crop Health
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India
Centre for Applied Climate Sciences
School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing
School of Agriculture and Environmental Science
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