Scope, Distribution, and Cause of the Peanut Kernel Shrivel (PKS) Syndrome: An Emerging Threat to Australia’s Peanut Industry
Article
Adorada, Dante L., Dunlap, Christopher and Ash, Gavin J.. 2024. " Scope, Distribution, and Cause of the Peanut Kernel Shrivel (PKS) Syndrome: An Emerging Threat to Australia’s Peanut Industry." Agronomy. 14 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071435
Article Title | Scope, Distribution, and Cause of the Peanut Kernel Shrivel (PKS) Syndrome: An Emerging Threat to Australia’s Peanut Industry |
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ERA Journal ID | 200126 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Adorada, Dante L., Dunlap, Christopher and Ash, Gavin J. |
Journal Title | Agronomy |
Journal Citation | 14 (7) |
Article Number | 1435 |
Number of Pages | 16 |
Year | 2024 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
Place of Publication | Switzerland |
ISSN | 2073-4395 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071435 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/7/1435 |
Abstract | The cause of peanut kernel shrivel (PKS) syndrome, affecting peanut crops in Australia’s growing regions, is currently unknown. It is estimated that PKS is costing the peanut industry more than AUD 5 M p.a. and is a potential threat to the industry. Previous investigations have ruled out all abiotic factors and most biotic factors as the cause of PKS. This research aimed at investigating the scope, distribution, and cause of the PKS syndrome. The survey showed PKS symptoms to be present in peanut crops in all the growing regions surveyed. Based on our study of culturable microorganisms, there appears to be no clear-cut involvement of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi; however, Fusarium spp. were revealed as the most prevalent fungi in affected plants. Moreover, the soil metagenomics study revealed Fusarium spp. as the most abundant fungal communities in the soil microbial profile, and they could contribute to the PKS syndrome. The consistent presence observed of the identified Fusarium oxysporum in PKS-affected samples could indicate a role for this pathogen in the syndrome, especially in conjunction with abiotic stressors. The pathogenicity testing of F. oxysporum resulted in very mild PKS symptoms. A separate report suggesting the involvement of phytoplasma in the PKS syndrome raises the possibility of an interplay of biotic factors in the development of this disease. Further investigation is warranted to determine the true cause or causes of this disease. |
Keywords | Fusarium oxysporum; Peanut Company of Australia (PCA); pathogenicity; Koch’s postulates; soil metagenomics |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 300409. Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds) |
Byline Affiliations | Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment |
Centre for Crop Health | |
National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, United States |
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https://research.usq.edu.au/item/z9976/-scope-distribution-and-cause-of-the-peanut-kernel-shrivel-pks-syndrome-an-emerging-threat-to-australia-s-peanut-industry
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