Effects of subsurface drip irrigation rates and furrow irrigation for cotton grown on a vertisol on off-site movement of sediments, nutrients and pesticides

Article

McHugh, A. D., Bhattarai, S., Lotz, G. and Midmore, D. J.. 2008. "Effects of subsurface drip irrigation rates and furrow irrigation for cotton grown on a vertisol on off-site movement of sediments, nutrients and pesticides." Agronomy for Sustainable Development: sciences des productions vegetales et de l'environnement. 28 (4), pp. 507-519. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008034
Article Title

Effects of subsurface drip irrigation rates and furrow irrigation for cotton grown on a vertisol on off-site movement of sediments, nutrients and pesticides

ERA Journal ID5893
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMcHugh, A. D. (Author), Bhattarai, S. (Author), Lotz, G. (Author) and Midmore, D. J. (Author)
Journal TitleAgronomy for Sustainable Development: sciences des productions vegetales et de l'environnement
Journal Citation28 (4), pp. 507-519
Number of Pages13
Year2008
Place of PublicationParis, France
ISSN0249-5627
1773-0155
1774-0746
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008034
Abstract

Subsurface drip irrigation can reduce off-farm movements of fertilizers and pollutants and improve the water use efficiency of irrigated agriculture. Here we compared the effects of furrow and subsurface drip at different irrigation rates, based on a percentage of daily
crop-evapotranspiration rates (ETc), on run-off and off-site movement of suspended sediment, nutrients and pesticides from cotton crops grown on a vertisol. Our results show that furrow irrigation significantly increased suspended soil loss, of 5.26 t ha−1, compared to that of subsurface drip irrigation at 120% of ETc, of 2.53 t ha−1, whereas no erosion was recorded with deficit subsurface drip irrigation. Off-site movement of nitrogen in furrow, of 18.63 kg ha−1, was five times greater than subsurface drip irrigation at 120% ETc. It was much less with 105% ETc
(0.37 kg ha−1) and 90% ETc (0.15 kg ha−1), and absent for 75% and 50% of ETc. Phosphorus loss from furrow, of 778 g ha−1, was greater than for the wetter subsurface drip treatments that gave 23 g ha−1 for 90% ETc and 19 g ha−1 for 120% ETc. No P loss was recorded from drier subsurface drip irrigation rates. Herbicides such as atrazine and diuron were applied in the year prior to the experiment, but considerable amounts were recorded in furrow run-off in both years, but only at 90 and 120% ETc subsurface drip irrigation in the first year. Concentrations of applied herbicide residues in the runoff exceeded the minimum threshold level for 99% species protection and, although the total amount of herbicide movement was higher in furrow, at times the concentration was greater for wetter subsurface drip irrigation run-off. Residues of insecticides, such as endosulphan applied in a previous year and dimethoate applied in the current years, were recorded in runoff from subsurface drip at 120% and furrow irrigation. Their concentrations in each year exceeded minimum threshold level. Subsurface drip irrigation
at 75% ETc offered the best trade-off between off-site run-off, erosion and pesticide movement and yield and water use efficiency.

Keywordsfurrow; subsurface drip; run-off; erosion; herbicide; nitrogen; phosphorus
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300207. Agricultural systems analysis and modelling
300201. Agricultural hydrology
401102. Environmentally sustainable engineering
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Byline AffiliationsNational Centre for Engineering in Agriculture
Central Queensland University
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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