Cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS)

Article

Rengasamy, Pichu and Marchuk, Alla. 2011. "Cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS)." Soil Research. 49 (3), pp. 280-285. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10105
Article Title

Cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS)

ERA Journal ID5248
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsRengasamy, Pichu (Author) and Marchuk, Alla (Author)
Journal TitleSoil Research
Journal Citation49 (3), pp. 280-285
Number of Pages6
Year2011
PublisherCSIRO Publishing
Place of PublicationMelbourne, Australia
ISSN0004-9573
1446-568X
1838-675X
1838-6768
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10105
Abstract

Sodium salts tend to dominate salt-affected soils and groundwater in Australia; therefore, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is used to parameterise soil sodicity and the effects of sodium on soil structure. However, some natural soils in Australia, and others irrigated with recycled water, have elevated concentrations of potassium and/or magnesium. Therefore, there is a need to derive and define a new ratio including these cations in place of SAR, which will indicate the dispersive effects of Na and K on clay dispersion, and Ca and Mg on flocculation. Based on the differential dispersive effects Na and K and the differential flocculation powers of Ca and Mg, we propose the concept of 'cation ratio of soil structural stability' (CROSS), analogous to SAR. This paper also gives the results of a preliminary experiment conducted on three soils varying in soil texture on hydraulic conductivity using percolating waters containing different proportions of the cations Ca, Mg, K, and Na. The relative changes in hydraulic conductivity of these soils, compared with the control treatment using CaCl2 solution, was highly correlated with CROSS. Clay dispersion in 29 soils treated with irrigation waters of varying cationic composition was highly correlated with CROSS rather than SAR. It was also found that CROSS measured in 1:5 soil/water extracts was strongly related to the ratio of exchangeable cations. These results encourage further study to investigate the use of CROSS as an index of soil structural stability in soils with different electrolytes, organic matter, mineralogy, and pH.

Keywordsexchangeable magnesium; exchangeable potassium; irrigation; sodicity; soil structure
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020410604. Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)
300201. Agricultural hydrology
400513. Water resources engineering
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Adelaide
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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