Potassium in winery waste waters used for irrigation and soil structural decline

Paper

Rengasamy, Pichu and Marchuk, Alla. 2011. "Potassium in winery waste waters used for irrigation and soil structural decline." 22nd Grape and Wine Science Symposium (Crush 2011). Adelaide, Australia 28 - 30 Sep 2011
Paper/Presentation Title

Potassium in winery waste waters used for irrigation and soil structural decline

Presentation TypePaper
AuthorsRengasamy, Pichu (Author) and Marchuk, Alla (Author)
Journal or Proceedings Title22nd Grape and Wine Science Symposium (Crush 2011)
Year2011
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttp://www.wineinnovationcluster.com/
Conference/Event22nd Grape and Wine Science Symposium (Crush 2011)
Event Details
22nd Grape and Wine Science Symposium (Crush 2011)
Event Date
28 to end of 30 Sep 2011
Event Location
Adelaide, Australia
Abstract

Long-term application of winery waste water containing high levels of potassium will lead to build-up of exchangeable potassium in soils which can cause soil structural problems similar to exchangeable sodium. Conflicting reports on the effect of exchangeable potassium, being either equal to or less than that of sodium, are found in the literature. We investigated the dispersive and flocculating powers of cations viz. Na, K, Mg and Ca on the basis of our concept that the degree of ionicity (or covalency) of clay-cation bonds determine the dispersion and flocculation of soil clays. Our experimental results were in conformity with the theoretical values of flocculating powers of cations. Compared to Na=1, the flocculating power of the other common cations would be K=1.8, Mg=27, and Ca=45. Flocculating power gives the inverse of dispersive effects. Based on these notions, a ratio analogous to the SAR (sodium adsorption ratio), but which incorporates the differential effects of Na and K in dispersing soil clays, and also the differential effects of Ca and Mg in flocculating soil clays was derived as:
Cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS) = (Na+0.56K)/ [(Ca+0.6Mg)/2]0.5. Where the concentrations of these ions are expressed in millimole of charge/L. The effectiveness of CROSS in predicting the soil structural decline, particularly when potassium is dominant in irrigation water, was tested using a few soils from South Australia. The results on clay dispersion from soils and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity confirm the superiority of CROSS compared to SAR which is currently used for the evaluation of the quality of irrigation waters.

Keywordsirrigation runoff; potassium; wine growing; effects on soil
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020400499. Chemical engineering not elsewhere classified
300201. Agricultural hydrology
410601. Land capability and soil productivity
Public Notes

Copyright 2011 for the content of these abstracts and the full papers presented at the Symposium remains with the authors.
Paper no. 12

Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Adelaide
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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