Quantifying the interactions between grazing interval, grazing intensity, and nitrogen on the yield and growth rate of dryland and irrigated perennial ryegrass

Article

Rawnsley, R. P., Langworthy, A. D., Pembleton, K. G., Turner, L. R., Corkrey, R. and Donaghy, D. J.. 2014. "Quantifying the interactions between grazing interval, grazing intensity, and nitrogen on the yield and growth rate of dryland and irrigated perennial ryegrass." Crop and Pasture Science. 65 (8), pp. 735-746. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13453
Article Title

Quantifying the interactions between grazing interval,
grazing intensity, and nitrogen on the yield and growth
rate of dryland and irrigated perennial ryegrass

ERA Journal ID5177
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsRawnsley, R. P. (Author), Langworthy, A. D. (Author), Pembleton, K. G. (Author), Turner, L. R. (Author), Corkrey, R. (Author) and Donaghy, D. J. (Author)
Journal TitleCrop and Pasture Science
Journal Citation65 (8), pp. 735-746
Number of Pages12
Year2014
PublisherCSIRO Publishing
Place of PublicationAustralia
ISSN0004-9409
1836-0947
1836-5795
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13453
Web Address (URL)http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=CP13453
Abstract

In temperate regions of Australasia, feed-base management is the key determinant of the economic viability of dairy enterprises. However, conjecture exists regarding agreed grazing management practices for pasture-based dairy systems, because of the combined effects of variable seasonal conditions and input management (irrigation and nitrogen (N) usage). To address this conjecture a 2-year defoliation study was undertaken in the high-rainfall zone of north-western Tasmania, to examine the effect of these interactions on the yield of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) dominated pasture. Treatments were imposed in a split-split-plot design with moisture availability the main plot treatment (irrigated or dryland), defoliation intervals (full emergence of 1, 2, or 3 new leaves/tiller) assigned to subplots, and both defoliation intensity (30, 55 and 80 mm) and N application rate (0.0, 1.5 and 3.0 kg N/ha.day) treatments crossed within sub-subplots. Although the independent effects of each treatment on total yield were significant (P < 0.05), the effect of N application was found to diminish with time (P < 0.05). Furthermore, under periods of high pasture growth resulting from the absence of moisture stress (irrigation), shortening the grazing rotation via defoliating at the second leaf stage had no detrimental impact on growth rates. However, to optimise growth rates during periods of either soil moisture deficits or low temperatures, longer rotation lengths (to the 3-leaf stage) were required. High response rates to N fertiliser were found during the initial (first 6 month) period of this 2-year study; however, these responses diminished with time, with plots receiving zero N fertiliser achieving growth rates comparable to those plots that received rates as high as 3 kg N/ha.day.

ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300499. Crop and pasture production not elsewhere classified
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Tasmania
Massey University, New Zealand
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Pembleton, K. G.. 2015. "Plantain and chicory could potentially complement the perennial ryegrass dominant dairy feedbase." 17th Australian Agronomy Conference 2015: Building Productive, Diverse and Sustainable Landscapes (AAC 2015). Hobart, Australia 20 - 24 Sep 2015 Hobart.
Comparing within paddock yield variability of perennial ryegrass monocultures and perennial ryegrass, white clover and plantain mixtures using yield mapping
McLaren, David K. and Pembleton, Keith G.. 2015. "Comparing within paddock yield variability of perennial ryegrass monocultures and perennial ryegrass, white clover and plantain mixtures using yield mapping." 17th Australian Agronomy Conference 2015: Building Productive, Diverse and Sustainable Landscapes (AAC 2015). Hobart, Australia 20 - 24 Sep 2015 Australia.
Effect of defoliation management on expression of the ‘high sugar’ cultivar trait in Tasmania
Turner, Lydia R., Donaghy, Daniel J, Pembleton, Keith G. and Rawnsley, Richard P. 2013. "Effect of defoliation management on expression of the ‘high sugar’ cultivar trait in Tasmania." 22nd International Grassland Congress: Revitalising Grasslands to Sustain Our Communities. Sydney, Australia 15 - 19 Sep 2013 Australia.
Effect of nitrogen fertiliser applications on botanical composition
Turner, Lydia R., Donaghy, Daniel J., Pembleton, Keith G. and Rawnsley, Richard P.. 2013. "Effect of nitrogen fertiliser applications on botanical composition." 22nd International Grassland Congress: Revitalising Grasslands to Sustain Our Communities. Sydney, Australia 15 - 19 Sep 2013 Australia.
Impact of grazing on the silage yield of forage oat crops
Pembleton, Keith G., Harrison, Matthew T. and Rawnsley, Richard P.. 2013. "Impact of grazing on the silage yield of forage oat crops." 22nd International Grassland Congress: Revitalising Grasslands to Sustain Our Communities. Sydney, Australia 15 - 19 Sep 2013 Australia.
Early sowing and irrigating of rape crops in cool temperate environments boosts forage yield potential
Harrison, Matthew T., Pembleton, Keith G. and Rawnsley, Richard P.. 2013. "Early sowing and irrigating of rape crops in cool temperate environments boosts forage yield potential." 22nd International Grassland Congress: Revitalising Grasslands to Sustain Our Communities. Sydney, Australia 15 - 19 Sep 2013 Australia.
Frost risk associated with growing maize for silage on Tasmanian dairy farms
Pembleton, Keith. 2012. "Frost risk associated with growing maize for silage on Tasmanian dairy farms." Rawnsley RP (ed.) 16th Australian Agronomy Conference: Capturing Opportunities and Overcoming Obstacles in Australian Agronomy (ASA 2012). Armidale, Australia 14 - 18 Oct 2012 Armidale, Australia.
Partitioning of taproot constituents and crown bud development are affected by water deficit in regrowing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Pembleton, Keith G., Volenec, Jeffrey J., Rawnsley, Richard P. and Donaghy, Daniel J.. 2010. "Partitioning of taproot constituents and crown bud development are affected by water deficit in regrowing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Crop Science: a journal serving the international community of crop scientists. 50 (3), pp. 989-999. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.03.0140
Yield, yield components and shoot morphology of four contrasting lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivars grown in three cool temperate environments
Pembleton, K. G., Donaghy, D. J., Volenec, J. J., Smith, R. S. and Rawnsley, R. P.. 2010. "Yield, yield components and shoot morphology of four contrasting lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivars grown in three cool temperate environments." Crop and Pasture Science. 61 (6), pp. 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP09351
Genotype by environment interactions of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in a cool temperate climate
Pembleton, K. G., Smith, R. S., Rawnsley, R. P., Donaghy, D. J. and Humphries, A. W.. 2010. "Genotype by environment interactions of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in a cool temperate climate." Crop and Pasture Science. 61 (6), pp. 493-502. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP09269
Effect of summer irrigation on seasonal changes in taproot reserves and the expression of winter dormancy/activity in four contrasting lucerne cultivars
Pembleton, K. G., Cunningham, S. M. and Volenec, J. J.. 2010. "Effect of summer irrigation on seasonal changes in taproot reserves and the expression of winter dormancy/activity in four contrasting lucerne cultivars." Crop and Pasture Science. 61 (11), pp. 873 - 884. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP10030
Utilising leaf number as an indicator for defoliation to restrict stem growth in rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) cv. Callide
Pembleton, K.G., Lowe, K.F. and Bahnisch, L.M.. 2009. "Utilising leaf number as an indicator for defoliation to restrict stem growth in rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) cv. Callide." Tropical Grasslands. 43, pp. 79-85.
Water deficit alters canopy structure but not photosynthesis in regrowing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Pembleton, Keith, Rawnsley, Richard P., Donaghy, Daniel J. and Volenec, Jeffrey J.. 2009. "Water deficit alters canopy structure but not photosynthesis in regrowing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Crop Science: a journal serving the international community of crop scientists. 49 (2), pp. 722-731. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0456
Effect of defoliation interval and height on the growth and quality of Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo
Sinclair, K., Lowe, K.F. and Pembleton, K.G.. 2007. "Effect of defoliation interval and height on the growth and quality of Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo." Tropical Grasslands. 41 (4), pp. 260-268.
Potential of tropical forages for the Tasmanian dairy industry
Pembleton, Keith, Rawnsley, Richard, Donaghy, Danny and Chamberlain, Peter. 2006. "Potential of tropical forages for the Tasmanian dairy industry." 13th Australian Agronomy Conference 2006. Perth, Australia 10 - 14 Sep 2006 Australia. Australian Society of Agronomy.