Cercosporin from Pseudocercosporella capsellae and its critical role in white leaf spot development

Article

Gunasinghe, Niroshini, You, Ming Pei, Cawthray, Gregory R. and Barbetti, Martin J.. 2016. "Cercosporin from Pseudocercosporella capsellae and its critical role in white leaf spot development." Plant Disease: an international journal of applied plant pathology. 100 (8), pp. 1521-1531. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1192-RE
Article Title

Cercosporin from Pseudocercosporella capsellae and its critical role in white leaf spot development

ERA Journal ID2647
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsGunasinghe, Niroshini (Author), You, Ming Pei (Author), Cawthray, Gregory R. (Author) and Barbetti, Martin J. (Author)
Journal TitlePlant Disease: an international journal of applied plant pathology
Journal Citation100 (8), pp. 1521-1531
Number of Pages11
Year2016
PublisherAmerican Phytopathological Society
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0191-2917
1943-7692
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1192-RE
Web Address (URL)https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1192-RE
Abstract

Pseudocercosporella capsellae, the causative agent of white leaf spot disease in Brassicaceae, can produce a purple-pink pigment on artificial media resembling, but not previously confirmed, as the toxin cercosporin. Chemical extraction with ethyl acetate from growing hyphae followed by quantitative [thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)] and qualitative methods showed an identical absorption spectrum, with similar retardation factor (Rf) values on TLC papers and an identical peak with the same retention time in HPLC as for a standard for cercosporin. We believe this is the first report to confirm that the purple-pink pigment produced by P. capsellae is cercosporin. Confocal microscopy detected green autofluorescence of cercosporin-producing hyphae, confirming the presence of cercosporin inside hyphae. The highly virulent UWA Wlra-7 isolate of P. capsellae produced the greatest quantity of cercosporin (10.69 mg g-1). The phytotoxicity and role of cercosporin in disease initiation across each of three Brassicaceae host species (Brassica juncea, B. napus and Raphanus raphanistrum) was also studied. Culture filtrates containing cercosporin were phytotoxic to all three host plant species, producing large, white lesions on highly sensitive B. juncea, only water-soaked areas on least sensitive R. raphanistrum, and intermediate lesions on B. napus. It is noteworthy that sensitivity to cercosporin of these three host species was analogous to their susceptibility to the pathogen, viz., B. juncea the most susceptible, R. raphanistrum the least susceptible and B. napus intermediate. The presence of cercosporin in the inoculum significantly increased disease severity on the highly cercosporin-sensitive B. juncea. We believe that this is the first study to demonstrate that P. capsellae produces cercosporin in liquid rather than agar media. Finally, this study highlights an important role of cercosporin as a pathogenicity factor in white leaf spot disease on Brassicaceae as evidenced by the ability of the cercosporin-rich culture filtrate to reproduce white leaf spot lesions on host plants and by the enhanced virulence of P. capsellae in the presence of cercosporin.

Keywordswhite leaf spot, cercosporin, Pseudocercosporella capsellae, oilseed rape, phytotoxin
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300409. Crop and pasture protection (incl. pests, diseases and weeds)
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Western Australia
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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