Epitypification and neotypification: guidelines with appropriate and inappropriate examples
Article
Article Title | Epitypification and neotypification: guidelines with appropriate and inappropriate examples |
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ERA Journal ID | 2591 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Ariyawansa, Hiran A. (Author), Hawksworth, David L. (Author), Hyde, Kevin D. (Author), Jones, E. B. Gareth (Author), Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. (Author), Manamgoda, Dimuthu S. (Author), Thambugala, Kasun M. (Author), Udayanga, Dhanushka (Author), Camporesi, Erio (Author), Daranagama, Anupama (Author), Jayawardena, Ruvishika (Author), Liu, Jian-Kui (Author), McKenzie, Eric H. C. (Author), Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (Author), Senanayake, Indunil C. (Author), Shivas, Roger G. (Author), Tian, Qing (Author) and Xu, Jian-Chu (Author) |
Journal Title | Fungal Diversity |
Journal Citation | 69 (1), pp. 57-91 |
Number of Pages | 35 |
Year | 2014 |
Place of Publication | Netherlands |
ISSN | 1560-2745 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0315-4 |
Web Address (URL) | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13225-014-0315-4 |
Abstract | A review of phylogenetic studies carried out together with morphological ones shows that a major problem with most early studies is that they concentrated on techniques and used material or strains of fungi that in most cases were not carefully reference, and in a worrying number of cases wrongly named. Most classical species, particularly of microfungi, are not represented by adequate type material, or other authoritatively identified cultures or specimens, that can serve as DNA sources for phylogenetic study, or for developing robust identification systems. Natural classifications of fungi therefore suffer from the lack of reference strains in resultant phylogenetic trees. In some cases, epitypification and neotypification can solve this problem and these tools are increasingly used to resolve taxonomic confusion and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families, or orders of fungi. This manuscript discusses epitypification and neotypification, describes how to epitypify or neotypify species and examines the importance of this process. A set of guidelines for epitypification is presented. Examples where taxa have been epitypified are presented and the benefits and problems of epitypification are discussed. As examples of epitypification, or to provide reference specimens, a new epitype is designated for Paraphaeosphaeria michotii and reference specimens are provided for Astrosphaeriella stellata, A. bakeriana, Phaeosphaeria elongata, Ophiobolus cirsii, and O. erythrosporus. In this way we demonstrate how to epitypify taxa and its importance, and also illustrate the value of proposing reference specimens if epitypification is not advisable. Although we provided guidelines for epitypification, the decision to epitypify or not lies with the author, who should have experience of the fungus concerned. This responsibility is to be taken seriously, as once a later typification is made, it may not be possible to undo that, particularly in the case of epitypes, without using the lengthy and tedious formal conservation and rejection processes. |
Keywords | Epitype; Generic types; Molecular data; Nomenclature; Systematics; Taxonomy; Typification; |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 310899. Plant biology not elsewhere classified |
Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
Byline Affiliations | Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand |
Complutense University of Madrid, Spain | |
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia | |
Mushroom Research Centre, Thailand | |
Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, New Zealand | |
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland | |
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China | |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q4020/epitypification-and-neotypification-guidelines-with-appropriate-and-inappropriate-examples
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