Naphthalimide end capped anthraquinone based solution-processable n-channel organic semiconductors: effect of alkyl chain engineering on charge transport

Article

Do, Thu-Trang, Takeda, Yasunori, Manzhos, Sergei, Bell, John, Tokito, Shizuo and Sonar, Prashant. 2018. "Naphthalimide end capped anthraquinone based solution-processable n-channel organic semiconductors: effect of alkyl chain engineering on charge transport." Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 6 (14), pp. 3774-3786. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7tc05172g
Article Title

Naphthalimide end capped anthraquinone based solution-processable n-channel organic semiconductors: effect of alkyl chain engineering on charge transport

ERA Journal ID201060
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsDo, Thu-Trang (Author), Takeda, Yasunori (Author), Manzhos, Sergei (Author), Bell, John (Author), Tokito, Shizuo (Author) and Sonar, Prashant (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Materials Chemistry C
Journal Citation6 (14), pp. 3774-3786
Number of Pages13
Year2018
PublisherThe Royal Society of Chemistry
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN2050-7526
2050-7534
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1039/c7tc05172g
Web Address (URL)https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045011128&doi=10.1039%2fc7tc05172g&partnerID=40&md5=71c53236efdbeb5a9a56d260b0925a32
Abstract

Herein, we are reporting the synthesis, characterization and organic field effect transistor characteristics of a new class of 1,8-naphthalimide (NAI) and 9,10-anthraquinone (ANQ) strong electron withdrawing group based n-channel small molecule semiconductors with different branched alkyl chain length, namely NAI-ANQ-NAI (BO), NAI-ANQ-NAI (HD), and NAI-ANQ-NAI (DT). All three small molecules exhibit different solubility behavior based on their alkyl chain length in common organic solvents. NAI-ANQ-NAI (BO), NAI-ANQ-NAI (HD), and NAI-ANQ-NAI (DT) show quite deep LUMO energy levels (around -4.2 eV) which is promising for better air-stable electron transport. Under ambient atmosphere, we found that electron mobilities of solution-processed thin-film transistors based on these small molecules were enhanced when annealing temperature increased from 140 to 200 °C due to better thin film microstructures. At 200 °C, devices exhibited the best performances with the maximum electron mobilities of 2.79 × 10-2, 2.09 × 10-2 and 2.40 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for NAI-ANQ-NAI (BO), NAI-ANQ-NAI (HD) and NAI-ANQ-NAI (DT), respectively. The spin-coated films of these materials exhibited quite smooth and uniform morphology although these are small molecules forming crystalline structures. These results clearly demonstrate that the fused anthraquinone and naphthalimide are potential functional moieties for constructing solution processable electron transporting materials for organic and printed electronics.

Keywordsfield-effect transistors; high-electron-mobility; thin-film transistors; quinoidal small molecules; high-performance; solar-cells; side-chain; nonfullerene acceptor; branching position; air
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020400499. Chemical engineering not elsewhere classified
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Byline AffiliationsQueensland University of Technology
Yamagata University, Japan
National University of Singapore
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Jiao, Yalong, Ma, Fengxian, Wang, Hongxia, Bell, John and Du, Aijun. 2017. "Strain mediated bandgap reduction, light spectrum broadening, and carrier mobility enhancement of methylammonium lead/tin iodide perovskites." Particle and Particle Systems Characterization. 34 (4). https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201600288
Two-dimensional boron hydride sheets: High stability, massless dirac fermions, and excellent mechanical properties
Jiao, Yalong, Ma, Fengxian, Bell, John, Bilic, Ante and Du, Aijun. 2016. "Two-dimensional boron hydride sheets: High stability, massless dirac fermions, and excellent mechanical properties." Angewandte Chemie. 55 (35), pp. 10292-10295. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201604369
Phthalimide and naphthalimide: Effect of end-capping groups on molecular properties and photovoltaic performance of 9-fluorenone based acceptors for organic solar cells
Do, Thu-Trang, Subbiah, Jegadesan, Manzhos, Sergei, Jones, David J, Bell, John M and Sonar, Prashant. 2018. "Phthalimide and naphthalimide: Effect of end-capping groups on molecular properties and photovoltaic performance of 9-fluorenone based acceptors for organic solar cells." Organic Electronics. 62, pp. 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2018.06.040
Molecular engineering strategy for high efficiency fullerene-free organic solar cells using conjugated 1,8-naphthalimide and fluorenone building blocks
Do, Thu Trang, Pham, Hong Duc, Manzhos, Sergei, Bell, John M and Sonar, Prashant. 2017. "Molecular engineering strategy for high efficiency fullerene-free organic solar cells using conjugated 1,8-naphthalimide and fluorenone building blocks." ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 9 (20), pp. 16967-16976. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b16395
Vinylene and benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole: Effect of the pi-spacer unit on the properties of bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-benzodifuran-dione containing polymers for n-channel organic field-effect transistors
Do, Thu Trang, Patil, Basanagouda B, Singh, Samarendra P, Yambem, Soniya D, Feron, Krishna, Ostrikov, Kostya (Ken), Bell, John M and Sonar, Prashant. 2018. "Vinylene and benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole: Effect of the pi-spacer unit on the properties of bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-benzodifuran-dione containing polymers for n-channel organic field-effect transistors." RSC Advances: an international journal to further the chemical sciences. 8 (68), pp. 38919-38928. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08890j
Indenofluorene-based-copolymers: Influence of electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BT) and benzooxadiazole (BO) moieties on light emitting devices
Do, Thu-Trang, Matsuki, Keiichiro, Sakanoue, Tomo, Wong, Fu-Lung, Manzhos, Sergei, Lee, Chun-Sing, Bell, John, Takenobu, Taishi and Sonar, Prashant. 2019. "Indenofluorene-based-copolymers: Influence of electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BT) and benzooxadiazole (BO) moieties on light emitting devices." Organic Electronics. 70, pp. 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.03.050
Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/steel bimetallic joints
Chu, Qiaoling, Bai, Ruixiang, Zhang, Min, Li, Jihong, Lei, Zhenkun, Hu, Ning, Bell, John M and Yan, Cheng. 2017. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/steel bimetallic joints." Materials Characterization. 132, pp. 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.08.025
Correction: Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole based organic semiconductors for high performance organic field effect transistors (New Journal of Chemistry (2018) 42 (12374–12385) DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ01453A)
Liu, Qian, Sun, Huabin, Blaikie, Chula, Caporale, Chiara, Manzhos, Sergei, Feron, Krishna, MacLeod, Jennifer M., Massi, Massimiliano, Bottle, Steven E., Bell, John, Noh, Yong-Young and Sonar, Prashant. 2018. "Correction: Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole based organic semiconductors for high performance organic field effect transistors (New Journal of Chemistry (2018) 42 (12374–12385) DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ01453A)." New Journal of Chemistry: a journal for new directions in chemistry. 42 (19), p. 16384. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ90083C
Benefit assessment of battery plus solar for customers and the grid
Boulaire, Fanny, Narimani, Afsaneh, Bell, John, Drogemuller, Robin, Vine, Desley, Buys, Laurie and Walker, Geoffrey. 2019. "Benefit assessment of battery plus solar for customers and the grid." Energy Strategy Reviews. 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100372
Atypical defect motions in brittle layered sodium titanate nanowires
Bo, Arixin, Chen, Kai, Pickering, Edmund, Zhan, Haifei, Bell, John, Du, Aijun, Zhang, Yongqiang, Wang, Xiaoguang, Zhu, Huaiyong, Shan, Zhiwei and Gu, Yuantong. 2018. "Atypical defect motions in brittle layered sodium titanate nanowires." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 9 (20), pp. 6052-6059. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02349
Building energy optimisation under uncertainty using ACOMV algorithm
Bamdad, Keivan, Cholette, Michael E, Guan, Lisa and Bell, John. 2018. "Building energy optimisation under uncertainty using ACOMV algorithm." Energy and Buildings. 167, pp. 322-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.02.053
Ant colony algorithm for building energy optimisation problems and comparison with benchmark algorithms
Bamdad, Keivan, Cholette, Michael E, Guan, Lisa and Bell, John. 2017. "Ant colony algorithm for building energy optimisation problems and comparison with benchmark algorithms." Energy and Buildings. 154, pp. 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.08.071
Low hysteresis perovskite solar cells using an electron-beam evaporated WO3-x thin film as the electron transport layer
Ali, Fawad, Pham, Ngoc Duy, Fan, Lijuan, Tiong, Vincent, Ostrikov, Ken, Bell, John M., Wang, Hongxia and Tesfamichael, Tuquabo. 2019. "Low hysteresis perovskite solar cells using an electron-beam evaporated WO3-x thin film as the electron transport layer." ACS Applied Energy Materials. 2 (8), pp. 5456-5464. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b00547
Tuning the amount of oxygen vacancies in sputter-deposited SnOx films for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells
Ali, Fawad, Pham, Ngoc Duy, Bradford, H. Jonathan, Khoshsirat, Nima, Ostrikov, Ken, Bell, John M, Wang, Hongxia and Tesfamichael, Tuquabo. 2018. "Tuning the amount of oxygen vacancies in sputter-deposited SnOx films for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells." ChemSusChem: chemistry and sustainability, energy and materials. 11 (18), pp. 3096-3103. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201801541
Stretchable respiration sensors: Advanced designs and multifunctional platforms for wearable physiological monitoring
Dinh, Toan, Nguyen, Thanh, Phan, Hoang-Phuong, Nguyen, Nam-Trung, Dao, Dzung Viet and Bell, John. 2020. "Stretchable respiration sensors: Advanced designs and multifunctional platforms for wearable physiological monitoring." Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112460
Investigation on Temperature-Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites for Sustainable Energy Applications
Njuguna, Michael K., Galpaya, Dilini, Yan, Cheng, Colwell, Colwell, Will, Geoffrey, Hu, Ning, Yarlagadda, Prasad and Bell, John M.. 2015. "Investigation on Temperature-Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites for Sustainable Energy Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 15 (9), pp. 6957-6964. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.10514
Ethanol sensitivity of thermally evaporated nanostructured WO3 thin films doped and implanted with Fe
Ahsan, M., Ahmad, M. Z., Tesfamichael, T., Bell, J. and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2013. "Ethanol sensitivity of thermally evaporated nanostructured WO3 thin films doped and implanted with Fe." 2nd International Conference on Measurement, Instrumentation and Automation (ICMIA 2013). China 23 - 24 Apr 2013 Scientific.Net. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.333-335.1938