Suppression effects of cooling rate on crystallization in ZBLAN glass

Article

Ong, Teng-Cheong, Steinberg, Ted, Jaatinen, Esa and Bell, John. 2018. "Suppression effects of cooling rate on crystallization in ZBLAN glass." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 481, pp. 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.11.003
Article Title

Suppression effects of cooling rate on crystallization in ZBLAN glass

ERA Journal ID4937
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsOng, Teng-Cheong (Author), Steinberg, Ted (Author), Jaatinen, Esa (Author) and Bell, John (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Journal Citation481, pp. 306-313
Number of Pages8
Year2018
Place of PublicationNetherlands
ISSN0022-3093
1873-4812
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.11.003
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022309317305847
Abstract

ZBLAN glass is a heavy metal fluoride glass that shows great potential in the application of long-haul telecommunication cables. However, during processing in the fiber-drawing temperature region, the material tends to undergo heavy devitrification, resulting in a crystalline fiber that is not usable as an optical waveguide. In this study, ZBLAN glass was processed with different cooling rates to discern how the rate of cooling affects the process of crystallization. Rapidly cooled ZBLAN glass test samples were then analysed with a wide range of spectroscopy and imaging techniques including EDS, SEM, TEM and XRD. These techniques revealed there are two predominant crystal phases, one rich in zirconium and barium, the other in zirconium and sodium. Ultimately, a critical cooling rate was established to be somewhere between 900 °C/min and 4000 °C/min, with a theoretically predicted value of 1081 °C/min for a test sample volume size of 9.4 × 10− 8 m3. Cooling above this critical cooling rate yielded fully amorphous ZBLAN test samples that were completely free of nano-crystalline inclusions. Using Kramers-Kronig relations, an attenuation loss for the fully amorphous ZBLAN test samples was estimated to be 0.09 dB/Km at a wavelength of 1800 nm.

KeywordsCrystallization; ZBLANRapid cooling; Critical cooling rate; Microscopy; Diffraction experiment
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020409999. Other engineering not elsewhere classified
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Byline AffiliationsQueensland University of Technology
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Do, Thu-Trang, Subbiah, Jegadesan, Manzhos, Sergei, Jones, David J, Bell, John M and Sonar, Prashant. 2018. "Phthalimide and naphthalimide: Effect of end-capping groups on molecular properties and photovoltaic performance of 9-fluorenone based acceptors for organic solar cells." Organic Electronics. 62, pp. 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2018.06.040
Molecular engineering strategy for high efficiency fullerene-free organic solar cells using conjugated 1,8-naphthalimide and fluorenone building blocks
Do, Thu Trang, Pham, Hong Duc, Manzhos, Sergei, Bell, John M and Sonar, Prashant. 2017. "Molecular engineering strategy for high efficiency fullerene-free organic solar cells using conjugated 1,8-naphthalimide and fluorenone building blocks." ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 9 (20), pp. 16967-16976. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b16395
Vinylene and benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole: Effect of the pi-spacer unit on the properties of bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-benzodifuran-dione containing polymers for n-channel organic field-effect transistors
Do, Thu Trang, Patil, Basanagouda B, Singh, Samarendra P, Yambem, Soniya D, Feron, Krishna, Ostrikov, Kostya (Ken), Bell, John M and Sonar, Prashant. 2018. "Vinylene and benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole: Effect of the pi-spacer unit on the properties of bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-benzodifuran-dione containing polymers for n-channel organic field-effect transistors." RSC Advances: an international journal to further the chemical sciences. 8 (68), pp. 38919-38928. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08890j
Indenofluorene-based-copolymers: Influence of electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BT) and benzooxadiazole (BO) moieties on light emitting devices
Do, Thu-Trang, Matsuki, Keiichiro, Sakanoue, Tomo, Wong, Fu-Lung, Manzhos, Sergei, Lee, Chun-Sing, Bell, John, Takenobu, Taishi and Sonar, Prashant. 2019. "Indenofluorene-based-copolymers: Influence of electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BT) and benzooxadiazole (BO) moieties on light emitting devices." Organic Electronics. 70, pp. 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.03.050
Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/steel bimetallic joints
Chu, Qiaoling, Bai, Ruixiang, Zhang, Min, Li, Jihong, Lei, Zhenkun, Hu, Ning, Bell, John M and Yan, Cheng. 2017. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/steel bimetallic joints." Materials Characterization. 132, pp. 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.08.025
Correction: Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole based organic semiconductors for high performance organic field effect transistors (New Journal of Chemistry (2018) 42 (12374–12385) DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ01453A)
Liu, Qian, Sun, Huabin, Blaikie, Chula, Caporale, Chiara, Manzhos, Sergei, Feron, Krishna, MacLeod, Jennifer M., Massi, Massimiliano, Bottle, Steven E., Bell, John, Noh, Yong-Young and Sonar, Prashant. 2018. "Correction: Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole based organic semiconductors for high performance organic field effect transistors (New Journal of Chemistry (2018) 42 (12374–12385) DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ01453A)." New Journal of Chemistry: a journal for new directions in chemistry. 42 (19), p. 16384. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ90083C
Benefit assessment of battery plus solar for customers and the grid
Boulaire, Fanny, Narimani, Afsaneh, Bell, John, Drogemuller, Robin, Vine, Desley, Buys, Laurie and Walker, Geoffrey. 2019. "Benefit assessment of battery plus solar for customers and the grid." Energy Strategy Reviews. 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100372
Atypical defect motions in brittle layered sodium titanate nanowires
Bo, Arixin, Chen, Kai, Pickering, Edmund, Zhan, Haifei, Bell, John, Du, Aijun, Zhang, Yongqiang, Wang, Xiaoguang, Zhu, Huaiyong, Shan, Zhiwei and Gu, Yuantong. 2018. "Atypical defect motions in brittle layered sodium titanate nanowires." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 9 (20), pp. 6052-6059. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02349
Building energy optimisation under uncertainty using ACOMV algorithm
Bamdad, Keivan, Cholette, Michael E, Guan, Lisa and Bell, John. 2018. "Building energy optimisation under uncertainty using ACOMV algorithm." Energy and Buildings. 167, pp. 322-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.02.053
Ant colony algorithm for building energy optimisation problems and comparison with benchmark algorithms
Bamdad, Keivan, Cholette, Michael E, Guan, Lisa and Bell, John. 2017. "Ant colony algorithm for building energy optimisation problems and comparison with benchmark algorithms." Energy and Buildings. 154, pp. 404-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.08.071
Low hysteresis perovskite solar cells using an electron-beam evaporated WO3-x thin film as the electron transport layer
Ali, Fawad, Pham, Ngoc Duy, Fan, Lijuan, Tiong, Vincent, Ostrikov, Ken, Bell, John M., Wang, Hongxia and Tesfamichael, Tuquabo. 2019. "Low hysteresis perovskite solar cells using an electron-beam evaporated WO3-x thin film as the electron transport layer." ACS Applied Energy Materials. 2 (8), pp. 5456-5464. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b00547
Tuning the amount of oxygen vacancies in sputter-deposited SnOx films for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells
Ali, Fawad, Pham, Ngoc Duy, Bradford, H. Jonathan, Khoshsirat, Nima, Ostrikov, Ken, Bell, John M, Wang, Hongxia and Tesfamichael, Tuquabo. 2018. "Tuning the amount of oxygen vacancies in sputter-deposited SnOx films for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells." ChemSusChem: chemistry and sustainability, energy and materials. 11 (18), pp. 3096-3103. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201801541
Stretchable respiration sensors: Advanced designs and multifunctional platforms for wearable physiological monitoring
Dinh, Toan, Nguyen, Thanh, Phan, Hoang-Phuong, Nguyen, Nam-Trung, Dao, Dzung Viet and Bell, John. 2020. "Stretchable respiration sensors: Advanced designs and multifunctional platforms for wearable physiological monitoring." Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112460
Investigation on Temperature-Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites for Sustainable Energy Applications
Njuguna, Michael K., Galpaya, Dilini, Yan, Cheng, Colwell, Colwell, Will, Geoffrey, Hu, Ning, Yarlagadda, Prasad and Bell, John M.. 2015. "Investigation on Temperature-Dependent Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites for Sustainable Energy Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 15 (9), pp. 6957-6964. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.10514
Ethanol sensitivity of thermally evaporated nanostructured WO3 thin films doped and implanted with Fe
Ahsan, M., Ahmad, M. Z., Tesfamichael, T., Bell, J. and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2013. "Ethanol sensitivity of thermally evaporated nanostructured WO3 thin films doped and implanted with Fe." 2nd International Conference on Measurement, Instrumentation and Automation (ICMIA 2013). China 23 - 24 Apr 2013 Scientific.Net. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.333-335.1938