Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels this century will alter the protein, micronutrients, and vitamin content of rice grains with potential health consequences for the poorest rice-dependent countries
Article
Article Title | Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels this century will alter the protein, micronutrients, and vitamin content of rice grains with potential health consequences for the poorest rice-dependent countries |
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ERA Journal ID | 211335 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Zhu, Chunwu (Author), Kobayashi, Kazuhiko (Author), Loladze, Irakli (Author), Zhu, Jianguo (Author), Jiang, Qian (Author), Xu, Xi (Author), Liu, Gang (Author), Seneweera, Saman (Author), Ebi, Kristie L. (Author), Drewnowski, Adam (Author), Fukagawa, Naomi K. (Author) and Ziska, Lewis H. (Author) |
Journal Title | Science Advances |
Journal Citation | 4 (5), pp. 1-8 |
Number of Pages | 8 |
Year | 2018 |
Publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 2375-2548 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1012 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1012 |
Abstract | Declines of protein and minerals essential for humans, including iron and zinc, have been reported for crops in response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO2]. For the current century, estimates of the potential human health impact of these declines range from 138 million to 1.4 billion, depending on the nutrient. However, changes in plant-based vitamin content in response to [CO2] have not been elucidated. Inclusion of vitamin information would substantially improve estimates of health risks. Among crop species, rice is the primary food source for more than 2 billion people. We used multiyear, multilocation in situ FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment) experiments for 18 genetically diverse rice lines, including Japonica, Indica, and hybrids currently grown throughout Asia. We report for the first time the integrated nutritional impact of those changes (protein, micronutrients, and vitamins) for the 10 countries that consume the most rice as part of their daily caloric supply. Whereas our results confirm the declines in protein, iron, and zinc, we also find consistent declines in vitamins B1, B2, B5, and B9 and, conversely, an increase in vitamin E. A strong correlation between the impacts of elevated [CO2] on vitamin content based on the molecular fraction of nitrogen within the vitamin was observed. Finally, potential health risks associated with anticipated CO2-induced deficits of protein, minerals, and vitamins in rice were correlated to the lowest overall gross domestic product per capita for the highest rice-consuming countries, suggesting potential consequences for a global population of approximately 600 million. |
Keywords | Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration; Global population; Gross domestic products; Human health impacts; Molecular fractions; Potential health; Potential health risks; Strong correlation |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 300404. Crop and pasture biochemistry and physiology |
Byline Affiliations | Chinese Academy of Sciences, China |
University of Tokyo, Japan | |
Bryan Medical Center, United States | |
Centre for Crop Health | |
University of Washington, United States | |
Department of Agriculture, United States | |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q769y/carbon-dioxide-co2-levels-this-century-will-alter-the-protein-micronutrients-and-vitamin-content-of-rice-grains-with-potential-health-consequences-for-the-poorest-rice-dependent-countries
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