Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels this century will alter the protein, micronutrients, and vitamin content of rice grains with potential health consequences for the poorest rice-dependent countries

Article

Zhu, Chunwu, Kobayashi, Kazuhiko, Loladze, Irakli, Zhu, Jianguo, Jiang, Qian, Xu, Xi, Liu, Gang, Seneweera, Saman, Ebi, Kristie L., Drewnowski, Adam, Fukagawa, Naomi K. and Ziska, Lewis H.. 2018. "Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels this century will alter the protein, micronutrients, and vitamin content of rice grains with potential health consequences for the poorest rice-dependent countries." Science Advances. 4 (5), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1012
Article Title

Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels this century will alter the protein, micronutrients, and vitamin content of rice grains with potential health consequences for the poorest rice-dependent countries

ERA Journal ID211335
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsZhu, Chunwu (Author), Kobayashi, Kazuhiko (Author), Loladze, Irakli (Author), Zhu, Jianguo (Author), Jiang, Qian (Author), Xu, Xi (Author), Liu, Gang (Author), Seneweera, Saman (Author), Ebi, Kristie L. (Author), Drewnowski, Adam (Author), Fukagawa, Naomi K. (Author) and Ziska, Lewis H. (Author)
Journal TitleScience Advances
Journal Citation4 (5), pp. 1-8
Number of Pages8
Year2018
PublisherAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN2375-2548
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1012
Web Address (URL)https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1012
Abstract

Declines of protein and minerals essential for humans, including iron and zinc, have been reported for crops in response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO2]. For the current century, estimates of the potential human health impact of these declines range from 138 million to 1.4 billion, depending on the nutrient. However, changes in plant-based vitamin content in response to [CO2] have not been elucidated. Inclusion of vitamin information would substantially improve estimates of health risks. Among crop species, rice is the primary food source for more than 2 billion people. We used multiyear, multilocation in situ FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment) experiments for 18 genetically diverse rice lines, including Japonica, Indica, and hybrids currently grown throughout Asia. We report for the first time the integrated nutritional impact of those changes (protein, micronutrients, and vitamins) for the 10 countries that consume the most rice as part of their daily caloric supply. Whereas our results confirm the declines in protein, iron, and zinc, we also find consistent declines in vitamins B1, B2, B5, and B9 and, conversely, an increase in vitamin E. A strong correlation between the impacts of elevated [CO2] on vitamin content based on the molecular fraction of nitrogen within the vitamin was observed. Finally, potential health risks associated with anticipated CO2-induced deficits of protein, minerals, and vitamins in rice were correlated to the lowest overall gross domestic product per capita for the highest rice-consuming countries, suggesting potential consequences for a global population of approximately 600 million.

KeywordsAtmospheric carbon dioxide concentration; Global population; Gross domestic products; Human health impacts; Molecular fractions; Potential health; Potential health risks; Strong correlation
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020300404. Crop and pasture biochemistry and physiology
Byline AffiliationsChinese Academy of Sciences, China
University of Tokyo, Japan
Bryan Medical Center, United States
Centre for Crop Health
University of Washington, United States
Department of Agriculture, United States
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition
Myers, Samuel S., Zanobetti, Antonella, Kloog, Itai, Huybers, Peter, Leakey, Andrew D. B., Bloom, Arnold, Carlisle, Eli, Dietterich, Lee H., Fitzgerald, Glenn, Hasegawa, Toshihiro, Holbrook, N. Michele, Nelson, Randall L., Ottman, Michael J., Raboy, Victor, Sakai, Hidemitsu, Sartor, Karla A., Schwartz, Joel, Seneweera, Saman, Tausz, Michael and Usui, Yasuhiro. 2014. "Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition." Nature. 510 (7503), pp. 139-142. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13179
Does a freely tillering wheat cultivar benefit more from elevated CO2 than a restricted tillering cultivar in a water-limited environment?
Tausz-Posch, Sabine, Dempsey, Raymond W., Seneweera, Saman, Norton, Robert M., Fitzgerald, Glenn and Tausz, Michael. 2015. "Does a freely tillering wheat cultivar benefit more from elevated CO2 than a restricted tillering cultivar in a water-limited environment?" European Journal of Agronomy. 64, pp. 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2014.12.009
Intraspecific variation in growth and yield response to elevated CO2 in wheat depends on the differences of leaf mass per unit area
Thilakarathne, Chamindathee L., Tausz-Posch, Sabine, Cane, Karen, Norton, Robert M., Tausz, Michael and Seneweera, Saman. 2013. "Intraspecific variation in growth and yield response to elevated CO2 in wheat depends on the differences of leaf mass per unit area ." Functional Plant Biology: an international journal of plant function. 40 (2), pp. 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP12057
Effect of fertilization on forage yield and quality, nutrients uptake and soil properties in the more intensive cropping system
Li, Wen Xi, Lu, Jian Wei, Seneweera, Saman P., Chen, Fang, Lu, Jun Ming and Li, Xiao Kun. 2010. "Effect of fertilization on forage yield and quality, nutrients uptake and soil properties in the more intensive cropping system ." Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 8 (2), pp. 427-434.
Release of antimicrobial peptides through bromelain hydrolysis of leatherjacket (Meuchenia sp.) insoluble proteins
Salampessy, Junus, Phillips, Michael, Seneweera, Saman and Kailasapathy, Kasipathy. 2010. "Release of antimicrobial peptides through bromelain hydrolysis of leatherjacket (Meuchenia sp.) insoluble proteins ." Food Chemistry. 120 (2), pp. 556-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.054
Microencapsulated enzymes from Aspergillus oryzae accelerate cheddar cheese ripening and enrich biologically active peptide profile
Seneweera, Saman and Kailasapathy, Kasipathy. 2010. "Microencapsulated enzymes from Aspergillus oryzae accelerate cheddar cheese ripening and enrich biologically active peptide profile ." Australian Journal of Dairy Technology. 65 (3), pp. 174-177.
Reduced nitrogen allocation to expanding leaf blades suppresses ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase synthesis and leads to photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 in rice
Seneweera, S.. 2011. "Reduced nitrogen allocation to expanding leaf blades suppresses ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase synthesis and leads to photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 in rice ." Photosynthetica. 49 (1), pp. 145-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-011-0006-2
Effects of elevated CO2 on plant growth and nutrient partitioning of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at rapid tillering and physiological maturity
Seneweera, Saman. 2011. "Effects of elevated CO2 on plant growth and nutrient partitioning of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at rapid tillering and physiological maturity ." Journal of Plant Interactions. 6 (1), pp. 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2010.513483
New insight into photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2: the role of leaf nitrogen and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content in rice leaves
Seneweera, Saman, Makino, Amane, Hirotsu, Naoki, Norton, Robert and Suzuki, Yuji. 2011. "New insight into photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2: the role of leaf nitrogen and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content in rice leaves ." Environmental and Experimental Botany. 71 (2), pp. 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.11.002
Impact of microencapsulated peptidase (Aspergillus oryzae) on cheddar cheese proteolysis and its biologically active peptide profile
Seneweera, Saman and Kailasapathy, Kaila. 2011. "Impact of microencapsulated peptidase (Aspergillus oryzae) on cheddar cheese proteolysis and its biologically active peptide profile ." Protein and Peptide Letters: international journal for rapid publication of short papers in protein and peptide science. 18 (7), pp. 741-746. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986611795446076
Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on growth and nitrogen fixation of two soybean cultivars in northern China
Lam, Shu Kee, Hao, Xingyu, Lin, Erda, Han, Xue, Norton, Rob, Mosier, Arvin R., Seneweera, Saman and Chen, Deli. 2012. "Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on growth and nitrogen fixation of two soybean cultivars in northern China ." Biology and Fertility of Soils. 48 (5), pp. 603-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0648-z
Can a wheat cultivar with high transpiration efficiency maintain its yield advantage over a near-isogenic cultivar under elevated CO2?
Tausz-Posch, Sabine, Seneweera, Saman, Norton, Robert M., Fitzgerald, Glenn J. and Tausz, Michael. 2012. "Can a wheat cultivar with high transpiration efficiency maintain its yield advantage over a near-isogenic cultivar under elevated CO2?" Field Crops Research. 133, pp. 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.04.007
Improving yield potential in crops under elevated CO2: integrating the photosynthetic and nitrogen utilization efficiencies
Kant, Surya, Seneweera, Saman, Rodin, Joakim, Materne, Michael, Burch, David, Rothstein, Steven J. and Spangenberg, German. 2012. "Improving yield potential in crops under elevated CO2: integrating the photosynthetic and nitrogen utilization efficiencies ." Frontiers in Plant Science. 3, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00162
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration affects mineral nutrient and protein concentration of wheat grain
Fernando, Nimesha, Panozzo, Joe, Tausz, Michael, Norton, Robert, Fitzgerald, Glenn and Seneweera, Saman. 2012. "Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration affects mineral nutrient and protein concentration of wheat grain." Food Chemistry. 133 (4), pp. 1307-1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.105
Wheat grain quality under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in a semi-arid cropping system
Fernando, Nimesha, Panozzo, Joe, Tausz, Michael, Norton, Robert M., Fitzgerald, Glenn J., Myers, Samuel, Walker, Cassandra, Stangoulis, James and Seneweera, Saman. 2012. "Wheat grain quality under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in a semi-arid cropping system ." Journal of Cereal Science. 56 (3), pp. 684-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2012.07.010
Understanding crop physiology to select breeding targets and improve crop management under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations
Tausz, Michael, Tausz-Posch, Sabine, Norton, Robert M., Fitzgerald, Glenn J., Nicolas, Marc E. and Seneweera, Saman. 2013. "Understanding crop physiology to select breeding targets and improve crop management under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ." Environmental and Experimental Botany. 88, pp. 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.12.005
The effect of elevated CO2 on photochemistry and antioxidative defence capacity in wheat depends on environmental growing conditions: a FACE study
Tausz-Posch, Sabine, Borowiak, Klaudia, Dempsey, Raymond W., Norton, Robert M., Seneweera, Saman, Fitzgerald, Glenn J. and Tausz, Michael. 2013. "The effect of elevated CO2 on photochemistry and antioxidative defence capacity in wheat depends on environmental growing conditions: a FACE study." Environmental and Experimental Botany. 88, pp. 81-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.12.002
Will intra-specific differences in transpiration efficiency in wheat be maintained in a high CO2 world? A FACE study
Tausz-Posch, Sabine, Norton, Robert M., Seneweera, Saman, Fitzgerald, Glenn J. and Tausz, Michael. 2013. "Will intra-specific differences in transpiration efficiency in wheat be maintained in a high CO2 world? A FACE study." Physiologia Plantarum. 148 (2), pp. 232-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01701.x
Intra-specific variation of wheat grain quality in response to elevated [CO2] at two sowing times under rain-fed and irrigation treatments
Fernando, Nimesha, Panozzo, Joe, Tausz, Michael, Norton, Robert M., Fitzgerald, Glenn J., Myers, Samuel, Nicolas, Marc E. and Seneweera, Saman. 2014. "Intra-specific variation of wheat grain quality in response to elevated [CO2] at two sowing times under rain-fed and irrigation treatments." Journal of Cereal Science. 59 (2), pp. 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.002
Elevated CO2 alters grain quality of two bread wheat cultivars grown under different environmental conditions
Fernando, Nimesha, Panozzo, Joe, Tausz, Michael, Norton, Robert M., Neumann, Nathan, Fitzgerald, Glenn J. and Seneweera, Saman. 2014. "Elevated CO2 alters grain quality of two bread wheat cultivars grown under different environmental conditions." Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 185, pp. 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.11.023