Full Scale Evaluation of GFRP Confined Softwood after Long-Term Exposure to High Humidity Environment
Article
Almutairi, Ahmed D., Bai, Yu, Zhao, Xiao-Ling and Ferdous, Wahid. 2023. "Full Scale Evaluation of GFRP Confined Softwood after Long-Term Exposure to High Humidity Environment." Forests. 14 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020343
| Article Title | Full Scale Evaluation of GFRP Confined Softwood after Long-Term Exposure to High Humidity Environment |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 210472 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Almutairi, Ahmed D., Bai, Yu, Zhao, Xiao-Ling and Ferdous, Wahid |
| Journal Title | Forests |
| Journal Citation | 14 (2) |
| Number of Pages | 19 |
| Year | 2023 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Place of Publication | Switzerland |
| ISSN | 1999-4907 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020343 |
| Web Address (URL) | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/343 |
| Abstract | Plantation softwood timber poles are associated with low natural durability, and it is also not clear what the effects of the high humidity environment on the long-term performance of composite action integrity of such a system. This paper presents a durability study for the proposed composite poles using (GFRP) glass fiber-reinforced polymer as a confinement system on wooden poles sourced from plantation softwood timber. Radiata pine poles of 6 m length were wrapped with multiple layers of 0°/90° woven roving biaxial E-glass fiber sheets through a wet layup process as confinement. The prepared GFRP softwood poles were then subjected to high humidity environmental conditions of up to 95 ± 2% relative humidity and 22 ± 2 °C temperature for a period of 30 months. Various lengths of confinement were considered in this study ranging from 0% to 70% of the span length. The poles had a span length of 5.4 m and were tested using a three-point bending test. Results showed that the proposed confinement system of GFRP-softwood provided a satisfactory long-term performance and the high humidity environment did not greatly affect the improvement in the mechanical performance that the GFRP system provided. |
| Keywords | fiber-reinforced polymer; softwood timber; durability; bonding; humidity; confinement |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 400510. Structural engineering |
| Byline Affiliations | School of Engineering |
| Research Scholarships |
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Alajarmeh, O. S., Manalo, A. C., Benmokrane, B., Karunasena, K., Ferdous, W. and Mendis, P.. 2020. "Hollow concrete columns: review of structural behavior and new designs using GFRP reinforcement." Engineering Structures. 203, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109829Novel testing and characterization of GFRP bars in compression
Alajarmeh, O. S., Manalo, A. C., Benmokrane, B., Vijay, P. V., Ferdous, W. and Mendis, P.. 2019. "Novel testing and characterization of GFRP bars in compression." Construction and Building Materials. 225, pp. 1112-1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.280Optimal design for epoxy polymer concrete based on mechanical properties and durability aspects
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Wong, Hong S., Abousnina, Rajab, Alajarmeh, Omar S., Zhuge, Yan and Schubel, Peter. 2020. "Optimal design for epoxy polymer concrete based on mechanical properties and durability aspects." Construction and Building Materials. 232, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117229New advancements, challenges and opportunities of multi-storey modular buildings – a state-of-the-art review
Ferdous, Wahid, Bai, Yu, Ngo, Tuan Duc, Manalo, Allan and Mendis, Priyan. 2019. "New advancements, challenges and opportunities of multi-storey modular buildings – a state-of-the-art review." Engineering Structures. 183, pp. 883-893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.061Effect of fire-retardant ceram powder on the properties of phenolic-based GFRP composites
Ferdous, Wahid, Ngo, Tuan Duc, Nguyen, Kate T. Q., Ghazlan, Abdallah, Mendis, Priyan and Manalo, Allan. 2018. "Effect of fire-retardant ceram powder on the properties of phenolic-based GFRP composites." Composites Part B: Engineering. 155, pp. 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.09.032Short-term flexural behaviour of concrete filled pultruded GFRP cellular and tubular sections with pin-eye connections for modular retaining wall construction
Ferdous, Wahid, Almutairi, Ahmed D., Huang, Yuan and Bai, Yu. 2018. "Short-term flexural behaviour of concrete filled pultruded GFRP cellular and tubular sections with pin-eye connections for modular retaining wall construction." Composite Structures. 206, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.08.025Behaviour of pultruded GFRP truss system connected using through-bolt with mechanical insert
Hizam, R. M., Manalo, Allan C., Karunasena, Warna and Bai, Yu. 2019. "Behaviour of pultruded GFRP truss system connected using through-bolt with mechanical insert." Composites Part B: Engineering. 168, pp. 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.052Sandwich assemblies of composites square hollow sections and thin-walled panels in compression
Xie, Lei, Qi, Yujun, Bai, Yu, Qui, Chengyu, Wang Hao, Fang, Hai and Zhao, Xiao-Ling. 2019. "Sandwich assemblies of composites square hollow sections and thin-walled panels in compression ." Thin-Walled Structures. 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106412Effect of bolt threads on the double lap joint strength of pultruded fibre reinforced polymer composite materials
Hizam, R. M., Manalo, Allan C., Karunasena, Warna and Bai, Yu. 2018. "Effect of bolt threads on the double lap joint strength of pultruded fibre reinforced polymer composite materials." Construction and Building Materials. 181, pp. 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmatat.2018.06.061Modular assembly of water-retaining walls using GFRP hollow profiles: Components and connection performance
Ferdous, Wahid, Bai, Yu, Almutairi, Ahmed D., Satasivam, Sindu and Jeske, Juri. 2018. "Modular assembly of water-retaining walls using GFRP hollow profiles: Components and connection performance." Composite Structures. 194, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.03.074Flexural and shear behaviour of layered sandwich beams
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Fam, Amir. 2018. "Flexural and shear behaviour of layered sandwich beams." Construction and Building Materials. 173, pp. 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.068Behaviour of composite sandwich panels bonded with epoxy polymer matrix for railway sleepers
Ferdous, Wahid. 2017. Behaviour of composite sandwich panels bonded with epoxy polymer matrix for railway sleepers. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland. https://doi.org/10.26192/5c06151a8a82fBehaviour of composite sandwich beams with different shear span-to-depth ratios
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2017. "Behaviour of composite sandwich beams with different shear span-to-depth ratios." Hao, Hong and Zhang, Chunwei (ed.) 24th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM24). Perth, Australia 06 - 09 Dec 2016 London, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315226460-34Temperature-sensitive mechanical properties of GFRP composites in longitudinal and transverse directions: a comparative study
Manalo, Allan, Maranan, Ginghis, Sharma, Sukrant, Karunasena, Warna and Bai, Yu. 2017. "Temperature-sensitive mechanical properties of GFRP composites in longitudinal and transverse directions: a comparative study." Composite Structures. 173, pp. 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.04.040Evaluation of an innovative composite railway sleeper for a narrow-gauge track under static load
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Van Erp, Gerard, Aravinthan, Thiru and Ghabraie, Kazem. 2018. "Evaluation of an innovative composite railway sleeper for a narrow-gauge track under static load." Journal of Composites for Construction. 22 (2), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000833Effect of width–thickness ratio on capacity of pultruded square hollow polymer columns
Xie, Lei, Bai, Yu, Qi, Yujun, Caprani, Colin and Wang, Hao. 2018. "Effect of width–thickness ratio on capacity of pultruded square hollow polymer columns ." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Structures and Buildings. 171 (11), pp. 842-854. https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.16.00227Bond behaviour of composite sandwich panel and epoxy polymer matrix
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2016. "Bond behaviour of composite sandwich panel and epoxy polymer matrix." Teng, Jin-Guang and Dai, Jian-Guo (ed.) 8th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2016). Hong Kong, China 14 - 16 Dec 2016 Hong Kong.Recent developments and applications of composite railway sleepers
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Remennikov, Alex. 2016. "Recent developments and applications of composite railway sleepers." Conference on Railway Excellence (CORE) 2016. Melbourne, Australia 16 - 18 May 2016Bond behaviour of composite sandwich panel and epoxy polymer matrix: Taguchi design of experiments and theoretical predictions
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2017. "Bond behaviour of composite sandwich panel and epoxy polymer matrix: Taguchi design of experiments and theoretical predictions." Construction and Building Materials. 145, pp. 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.244Effect of beam-column joint stiffness on the design of beams
Ferdous, Wahid. 2014. "Effect of beam-column joint stiffness on the design of beams." Smith, Scott (ed.) 23rd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM23). Byron Bay, Australia 09 - 12 Dec 2014 Lismore, Australia.Effect of beam orientation on the static behaviour of phenolic core sandwich composites with different shear span-to-depth ratios
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2017. "Effect of beam orientation on the static behaviour of phenolic core sandwich composites with different shear span-to-depth ratios." Composite Structures. 168, pp. 292-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.02.061Optimal polymer matrix coating for composite railway sleeper – analytic hierarchy process
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Van Erp, Gerard. 2015. "Optimal polymer matrix coating for composite railway sleeper – analytic hierarchy process." Wu, Zhishen, Wu, Gang and Wang, Xin (ed.) Joint Conference of the 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015). Nanjing, China 14 - 16 Dec 2015 China.Thermo-mechanical behaviour of epoxy based polymer matrix
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Van Erp, Gerard. 2015. "Thermo-mechanical behaviour of epoxy based polymer matrix." 27th Biennial National Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia (Concrete 2015) in conjunction with the 69th RILEM Week: Construction Innovations, Research into Practice. Melbourne, Australia 30 Aug - 02 Sep 2015 Sydney, Australia.Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the physical and mechanical properties of polymer matrix
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Van Erp, Gerard. 2015. "Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the physical and mechanical properties of polymer matrix." 27th Biennial National Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia (Concrete 2015) in conjunction with the 69th RILEM Week: Construction Innovations, Research into Practice. Melbourne, Australia 30 Aug - 02 Sep 2015 Sydney, Australia.Design of epoxy resin based polymer concrete matrix for composite railway sleeper
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Van Erp, Gerard. 2014. "Design of epoxy resin based polymer concrete matrix for composite railway sleeper." Smith, Scott T. (ed.) 23rd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM23). Byron Bay, Australia 09 - 12 Dec 2014 Lismore, Australia.Properties of epoxy polymer concrete matrix: Effect of resin-to-filler ratio and determination of optimal mix for composite railway sleepers
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Van Erp, Gerard. 2016. "Properties of epoxy polymer concrete matrix: Effect of resin-to-filler ratio and determination of optimal mix for composite railway sleepers." Construction and Building Materials. 124, pp. 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.111Composite railway sleepers: new developments and opportunities
Ferdous, Wahid, Aravinthan, Thiru, Manalo, Allan and Van Erp, Gerard. 2015. "Composite railway sleepers: new developments and opportunities." 11th International Heavy Haul Association Conference: Operational Excellence (IHHA 2015). Perth, Australia 21 - 24 Jun 2015 United States.Structural performance of heavy duty composite railway sleeper
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Van Erp, Gerard. 2015. "Structural performance of heavy duty composite railway sleeper." 11th International Heavy Haul Association Conference: Operational Excellence (IHHA 2015). Perth, Australia 21 - 24 Jun 2015Composite railway sleepers – recent developments, challenges and future prospects
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Van Erp, Gerard, Aravinthan, Thiru, Kaewunruen, Sakdirat and Remennikov, Alex. 2015. "Composite railway sleepers – recent developments, challenges and future prospects." Composite Structures. 134, pp. 158-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.058Geopolymer concrete-filled pultruded composite beams: concrete mix design and application
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Khennane, Amar and Kayali, Obada. 2015. "Geopolymer concrete-filled pultruded composite beams: concrete mix design and application." Cement and Concrete Composites. 58, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.12.012Review of failures of railway sleepers and its consequences
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Remennikov, Alex. 2014. "Review of failures of railway sleepers and its consequences." Li, Chun Qing, Setunge, Sujeeva and de Silva, Saman (ed.) 1st International Conference on Infrastructure Failures and Consequences (ICIFC 2014). Melbourne, Australia 16 - 20 Jul 2014 Melbourne, Australia.Composite railway sleeper: a cost effective and eco-friendly alternative
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Aravinthan, Thiru and Van Erp, Gerard. 2014. "Composite railway sleeper: a cost effective and eco-friendly alternative." IEEE Australia and New Zealand Student and Young Professional Congress (ANZSCON 2014). Brisbane, Australia 03 - 05 Jul 2014Failures of mainline railway sleepers and suggested remedies – review of current practice
Ferdous, Wahid and Manalo, Allan. 2014. "Failures of mainline railway sleepers and suggested remedies – review of current practice." Engineering Failure Analysis. 44, pp. 17-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.04.020Benefits of geopolymer concrete-filled FRP beams and its flexural behaviour
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Khennane, Amar and Kayali, Obada. 2014. "Benefits of geopolymer concrete-filled FRP beams and its flexural behaviour." Australasian Composites Conference (CA 2014): Materials for a Lighter and Smarter World. Newcastle, Australia 07 - 09 Apr 2014 Melbourne, Australia.Structural optimisation of composite railway sleeper
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan and Van Erp, Gerard. 2014. "Structural optimisation of composite railway sleeper." Australasian Composites Conference (CA 2014): Materials for a Lighter and Smarter World. Newcastle, Australia 07 - 09 Apr 2014 Melbourne, Australia.This item comprises data from the following sources: Web of Science