Peatland carbon chemistry, amino acids and protein preservation in biogeochemically distinct ecohydrologic layers

Article

Yusuf, Anne Yalien, Silvester, Ewen, Brkljac, Robert, Birnbaum, Christina, Chapman, James and Grover, Samantha. 2024. "Peatland carbon chemistry, amino acids and protein preservation in biogeochemically distinct ecohydrologic layers." European Journal of Soil Science. 75 (3). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13518

Article Title	Peatland carbon chemistry, amino acids and protein preservation in biogeochemically distinct ecohydrologic layers
ERA Journal ID	41617
Article Category	Article
Authors	Yusuf, Anne Yalien, Silvester, Ewen, Brkljac, Robert, Birnbaum, Christina, Chapman, James and Grover, Samantha
Journal Title	European Journal of Soil Science
Journal Citation	75 (3)
Article Number	e13518
Number of Pages	14
Year	2024
Publisher	John Wiley & Sons
ISSN	1351-0754
	1365-2389
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13518
Web Address (URL)	https://bsssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejss.13518
Abstract	Peatlands play a significant role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles due to their carbon storage capabilities. However, there are key knowledge gaps in our understanding of how peatland hydrology influences the biogeochemical properties that drive peatland functioning and health. This study examines peatland hydrology and biogeochemical dynamics by exploring the variations in carbon chemistry, total amino acid (‘protein’) content and amino acid composition in the ecohydrologic layers: acrotelm, mesotelm and catotelm. The dynamic movement of the water table recorded half-hourly over 4 years was used to assist in identifying the boundaries between these layers. Peat amino acids were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Carbon chemistry was analysed by solid state Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CPMAS) 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, with the alkyl:O-alkyl ratio used to quantify the extent of decomposition. Our result revealed a strong positive correlation between the extent of decomposition and total protein content, indicating selective preservation of proteinaceous materials during peat decomposition. Each ecohydrologic layer displayed a distinct amino acid composition and carbon functional group composition. The acrotelm was relatively enriched in seven amino acids and two carbon functional groups. The mesotelm was relatively enriched in four amino acids, while the catotelm was relatively enriched in three amino acids and four carbon functional groups. The variations in amino acid composition reflect differences in microbial function and efficiency, while variations in carbon functional groups provide insights into long-term carbon sequestration in peatland. Collectively, these results provide more insights into nutrient cycling and changes in organic matter composition during peat decomposition. These findings demonstrate that peatland biogeochemistry is closely linked to ecohydrology and suggest that changes to water table dynamics could affect the ability of peatlands to sequester and store carbon in the future.
Keywords	amino acids; carbon; decomposition; nitrogen; peat; protein; water table
Contains Sensitive Content	Does not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020	310703. Microbial ecology
Byline Affiliations	Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
	La Trobe University
	Monash University
	School of Agriculture and Environmental Science
	Griffith University

Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/z85x3/peatland-carbon-chemistry-amino-acids-and-protein-preservation-in-biogeochemically-distinct-ecohydrologic-layers

Download files

Published Version

	European J Soil Science - 2024 - Yusuf - Peatland carbon chemistry amino acids and protein preservation in.pdf
License: CC BY-NC 4.0
File access level: Anyone

19
total views
16
total downloads
1
views this month
1
downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Global Diversity and Distribution of Rhizosphere and Root-Associated Fungi in Coastal Wetlands: A Systematic Review

Lumibao, Candice Y., Harris, Georgia and Birnbaum, Christina. 2024. "Global Diversity and Distribution of Rhizosphere and Root-Associated Fungi in Coastal Wetlands: A Systematic Review." Estuaries and Coasts. 47 (4), pp. 905-916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01343-w

Integrating soil microbial communities into fundamental ecology, conservation, and restoration: examples from Australia

Birnbaum, Christina, Dearnaley, John, Egidi, Eleonora, Frew, Adam, Hopkins, Anna, Powell, Jeff, Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos, Liddicoat, Craig, Albornoz, Felipe, Heuck, Meike K., Dadzie, Frederick A., Florence, Luke, Singh, Pankaj, Mansfield, Tomas, Rajapaksha, Kumari, Stewart, Jana, Rallo, Paola, Peddle, Shawn D. and Chiarenza, Giancarlo. 2024. "Integrating soil microbial communities into fundamental ecology, conservation, and restoration: examples from Australia." New Phytologist. 241 (3), pp. 974-981. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19440

Soil abounds with life – and supports all life above it. But Australian soils need urgent repair

Frew, Adam, Birnbaum, Christina, Egidi, Eleonora and Heuck, Meike Katharina. 2023. "Soil abounds with life – and supports all life above it. But Australian soils need urgent repair." The Conversation.

Peatland carbon stabilization under changing Alpine climatic conditions

Yusuf, Anne, Birnbaum, Christina, Chapman, Jame and Grover, Samantha. 2023. "Peatland carbon stabilization under changing Alpine climatic conditions." 2023 Soil Science Australia National Conference . Darwin, Australia 25 - 30 Jun 2023 Australia.

Plant and soil fungal community responses to cultural burning

Birnbaum, Christina, Kath, J, Dearnaley, J and Reardon-Smith, K. 2023. "Plant and soil fungal community responses to cultural burning." 65th Annual Symposium for International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS 2023). Coffs Harbour, Australia 03 - 08 Sep 2023 Australia.

AusME 2022 Melbourne conference

Marcelino, Vanessa R. and Birnbaum, Christina. 2023. "AusME 2022 Melbourne conference." Microbiology Australia. 44 (1), pp. 3-4. https://doi.org/10.1071/MA23015

From invisible to visible: Terrestrial biodiversity assessments and conservation policies must include soil organisms in Australia

Birnbaum, Christina and Dearnaley, John. 2023. "From invisible to visible: Terrestrial biodiversity assessments and conservation policies must include soil organisms in Australia." Science. 381 (6658). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg7870

Friends to the rescue: using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to future-proof Australian agriculture

Heuck, Meike Katharina, Birnbaum, Christina and Frew, Adam. 2023. "Friends to the rescue: using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to future-proof Australian agriculture." Microbiology Australia. 44 (1), pp. 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1071/MA23002

Aiding coastal wetland restoration via the belowground soil microbiome: an overview

Birnbaum, Christina and Trevathan-Tackett, Stacey M.. 2023. "Aiding coastal wetland restoration via the belowground soil microbiome: an overview." Restoration Ecology. 31 (7). https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13824

Degradation Reduces Microbial Richness and Alters Microbial Functions in an Australian Peatland

Birnbaum, Christina, Wood, Jennifer, Lilleskov, Erik, Lamit, Louis James, Shannon, James, Brewer, Matthew and Grover, Samantha. 2023. "Degradation Reduces Microbial Richness and Alters Microbial Functions in an Australian Peatland." Microbial Ecology: an international journal. 85 (3), pp. 875-891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02071-z

Carbon dynamics in Victoria’s Mountain Ash forests: A new method for soil organic carbon estimation

Ferrari, Atalaya, Birnbaum, Christina and Grover, Samantha. 2022. "Carbon dynamics in Victoria’s Mountain Ash forests: A new method for soil organic carbon estimation." 2022 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2022). Wollongong, Australia 28 Nov - 02 Dec 2022 Australia.

‘Dig Up Dirt’, using citizen science to understand the diversity of beneficial fungi in Australian agroecosystems

Heuck, M.K., Birnbaum, C., Kath, J., Powell, J. and Frew, A.. 2022. "‘Dig Up Dirt’, using citizen science to understand the diversity of beneficial fungi in Australian agroecosystems." 2022 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2022). Wollongong, Australia 28 Nov - 02 Dec 2022 Australia.

From Little Things, Big Things Grow: Fungi, Security, and the Future of Food

Frew, Adam, Heuck, Meike and Birnbaum, Christina. 2022. "From Little Things, Big Things Grow: Fungi, Security, and the Future of Food." Australian Quarterly. 93 (4), pp. 26-31.

Accounting for unseen carbon: measuring soil organic carbon in Victoria’s tall wet old growth forest

Ferrari, Atalaya, Birnbaum, Christina and Grover, Samantha. 2021. "Accounting for unseen carbon: measuring soil organic carbon in Victoria’s tall wet old growth forest." 2021 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2021).

Microbial community structure and function differs between dried peat and intact bog peat across a vertical soil gradient

Birnbaum, Christina, Wood, Jennifer, Lilleskov, Erik, Lamit, Louis James, Shannon, James, Brewer, Matthew and Grover, Samantha. 2021. "Microbial community structure and function differs between dried peat and intact bog peat across a vertical soil gradient." 2021 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2021). Australia.

Plant and microbial impacts of an invasive species vary across an environmental gradient

Farrer, Emily C., Birnbaum, Christina, Waryszak, Pawel, Halbrook, Susannah R., Brady, Monica V., Bumby, Caitlin R., Candaele, Helena, Kulick, Nelle K., Lee, Sean F. H., Schroeder, Carolyn S., Smith, McKenzie K. H. and Wilber, William. 2021. "Plant and microbial impacts of an invasive species vary across an environmental gradient ." Journal of Ecology. 109 (5), pp. 2163-2176. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13629

Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change in Coastal Wetlands: Will Climate Change Influence Wetlands by Affecting Plant Invasion?

Birnbaum, Christina, Waryszak, Pawel and Farrer, Emily C.. 2021. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change in Coastal Wetlands: Will Climate Change Influence Wetlands by Affecting Plant Invasion? " Wetlands: the journal of the Society of Wetland Scientists. 41 (5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01456-z

Phragmites australis Associates with Belowground Fungal Communities Characterized by High Diversity and Pathogen Abundance

Schroeder, Carolyn S., Halbrook, Susannah, Birnbaum, Christina, Waryszak, Pawel, Wilber, William and Farrer, Emily C.. 2020. "Phragmites australis Associates with Belowground Fungal Communities Characterized by High Diversity and Pathogen Abundance ." Diversity. 12 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/d12090363

Availability of soil mutualists may not limit non-native Acacia invasion but could increase their impact on native soil communities

Wandrag, Elizabeth M., Birnbaum, Christina, Klock, Metha M., Barrett, Luke G. and Thrall, Peter H.. 2020. "Availability of soil mutualists may not limit non-native Acacia invasion but could increase their impact on native soil communities ." Journal of Applied Ecology. 57 (4), pp. 786-793. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13577

Contrasting drivers of soil and root microbial assembly in wetland systems

Halbrook, Susannah, Schroeder, Carolyn, Birnbaum, Christin, Brady, Monica, Bumby, Caitlin, Kulick, Danielle, Candaele, Helena, Lee, Sean F.H, Smith, McKenzie, Waryszak, Pawel, Wilber, William and Farrer, Emily. 2020. "Contrasting drivers of soil and root microbial assembly in wetland systems." 2020 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2020). 03 - 06 Aug 2020

Above and belowground impacts of an invasive species vary across the landscape

Farrer, Emily, Birnbaum, Christina, Waryszak, Pawel, Halbrook, Susanna, Brady, Monic, Bumby, Caitlin, Candaele, Helena, Kulick, Danielle, Lee, Sean F.H., Schroeder, C.S., Smith, Carolyn, Smith, McKenzie and Wilber, William. 2020. "Above and belowground impacts of an invasive species vary across the landscape." 2020 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2020). 03 - 06 Aug 2020

Soil Microbial Communities in Long-Term Soil Storage for Sand Mine Reclamation

Gorzelak, Monika, McAmmond, Breanne M., Van Hamme, Jonathan D., Birnbaum, Christina, Thomsen, Corrina and Hart, Miranda. 2020. "Soil Microbial Communities in Long-Term Soil Storage for Sand Mine Reclamation." Ecological Restoration. 38 (1), pp. 13-23. https://doi.org/10.3368/er.38.1.13

Special thematic issue on applying microbial community research to improve conservation and restoration outcomes

Birnbaum, Christina and Egidi, Eleonora. 2020. "Special thematic issue on applying microbial community research to improve conservation and restoration outcomes." Plant Ecology. 221, pp. 749-571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01068-3

Taxon-specific analysis reveals the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on bacterial communities in Louisiana wetland soils

Smith, McKenzie, Birnbaum, Christina, Waryszak, Pawel, Halbrook, Susannah, Brady, Monica, Bumby, Caitlin, Kulick, Danielle, Lee, Sean F.H., Schroeder, Carolyn, Wilber, William and Farrer, Emily. 2020. "Taxon-specific analysis reveals the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on bacterial communities in Louisiana wetland soils." 2020 Conference of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2020). 03 - 06 Aug 2020 United States.

Soil fungal responses to experimental warming and drying in a Mediterranean shrubland

Birnbaum, Christina, Hopkins, Anna J.M., Fontaine, Joseph B. and Enright, Enright. 2019. "Soil fungal responses to experimental warming and drying in a Mediterranean shrubland ." Science of the Total Environment. 683, pp. 524-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.222

We built a network of greenhouses and rain shelters to simulate what climate change will do to soils

Hopkins, Anna, Birnbaum, Christina, Fontaine, Joe and Enright, Neal. 2019. "We built a network of greenhouses and rain shelters to simulate what climate change will do to soils." The Conversation.

Digging deep for biodiversity

Birnbaum, C, Egidi, E and Singh, B. 2019. "Digging deep for biodiversity." Austral Ecology: a journal of ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. 44 (3), pp. 561-564. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12732

Symbiotic N2-Fixer Community Composition, but Not Diversity, Shifts in Nodules of a Single Host Legume Across a 2-Million-Year Dune Chronosequence

Birnbaum, Christina, Bissett, Andrew, Teste, Francois P. and Laliberte, Etienne. 2018. "Symbiotic N2-Fixer Community Composition, but Not Diversity, Shifts in Nodules of a Single Host Legume Across a 2-Million-Year Dune Chronosequence ." Microbial Ecology: an international journal. 76 (4), pp. 1009-1020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1185-1

Effect of plant root symbionts on performance of native woody species in competition with an invasive grass in multispecies microcosms

Birnbaum, Christina, Morald, Tim K., Tibbett, Mark, Bennett, Richard G. and Standish, Rachel J.. 2018. "Effect of plant root symbionts on performance of native woody species in competition with an invasive grass in multispecies microcosms ." Ecology and Evolution. 8 (17), pp. 8652-8664. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4397

Small size, huge value. Freshwater rock pools of the Kimberley

Cross, Adam, Barrett, Matthew, Barrett, Russell, Hopkins, Anna, Birnbaum, Christina, Burgess, Treena, Whiteley, Andy, Kumerasan, Deepak, Mucina, Ladislav, Merritt, David, Turner, Shane, Myers, Cecilia, Renton, Michael and Dixon, Kingsley. 2018. "Small size, huge value. Freshwater rock pools of the Kimberley." McGlashan, Hamish, Coate, Kevin, Gresham, Jeffrey and Hart, Roz (ed.) The natural world of the Kimberley. Australia. Kimberley Society . pp. 32-33

Effects of salinity and plant host on plant-microbe interactions in Louisiana coastal marshes

Kulick, Danielle, Willis, Claire, Birnbaum, Christina, Ducat, Caitlin, Farrer, Emily and Donnell, Isabella. 2018. "Effects of salinity and plant host on plant-microbe interactions in Louisiana coastal marshes." 2018 Conference of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2018). New Orleans, Louisiana, United States 05 - 10 Aug 2018 United States.

Extreme salinity fluctuations and invasion by Phragmites australis in wetland ecosystems

Waryszak, Pawel, Birnbaum, Christina and Farrer, Emily. 2018. "Extreme salinity fluctuations and invasion by Phragmites australis in wetland ecosystems." 2018 Conference of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2018). New Orleans, Louisiana, United States 05 - 10 Aug 2018 United States.

Topsoil Stockpiling in Restoration: Impact of Storage Time on Plant Growth and Symbiotic Soil Biota

Birnbaum, Christina, Bradshaw, Laura Elizabeth, Ruthrof, Katinka Xoliswa and Fontaine, Joseph Benjamin. 2017. "Topsoil Stockpiling in Restoration: Impact of Storage Time on Plant Growth and Symbiotic Soil Biota ." Ecological Restoration. 35 (3), pp. 237-245. https://doi.org/10.3368/er.35.3.237

Vegetation dynamics of rapidly declining coastal wetlands: the role of cosmopolitan reed grass Phragmites australis in the Gulf Coast.

Birnbaum, C., Waryszak, P. and Farrer, E.C.. 2017. "Vegetation dynamics of rapidly declining coastal wetlands: the role of cosmopolitan reed grass Phragmites australis in the Gulf Coast." British Ecological Society Annual Meeting 2017. Ghent, Belgium

Vegetation dynamics in rapidly declining Louisiana coastal wetlands: The role of cosmopolitan reed grass Phragmites australis

Birnbaum, Christina, Waryszak, Pawel and Farrer, Emily. 2017. "Vegetation dynamics in rapidly declining Louisiana coastal wetlands: The role of cosmopolitan reed grass Phragmites australis." 2017 Conference of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2017). Portland, Oregon, United States 06 - 11 Aug 2017 United States.

Nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities in invasive legume nodules and associated soils are similar across introduced and native range populations in Australia

Birnbaum, Christina, Bissett, Andrew, Thrall, Peter H. and Leishman, Michelle R.. 2016. "Nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities in invasive legume nodules and associated soils are similar across introduced and native range populations in Australia ." Journal of Biogeography. 43 (8), pp. 1631-1644. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12752

Experimental warming alters rhizosphere fungal composition of two dominant shrubs in Mediterranean-type ecosystem

Birnbaum, Christina, Hopkins, Anna, Fontaine, Joe and Enright, Neal. 2016. "Experimental warming alters rhizosphere fungal composition of two dominant shrubs in Mediterranean-type ecosystem." 59th Annual Symposium of the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVSD 2016). Pirenopolis, Brazil 12 - 17 Jun 2016 Brazil.

Sequential Disturbance Effects of Hailstorm and Fire on Vegetation in a Mediterranean-Type Ecosystem

Gower, K., Fontaine, J.B., Birnbaum, C. and Enright, N.J.. 2015. "Sequential Disturbance Effects of Hailstorm and Fire on Vegetation in a Mediterranean-Type Ecosystem ." Ecosystems. 18 (7), pp. 1121-1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9886-5

Regeneration failure threatens persistence of Persoonia elliptica (Proteaceae) in Western Australian jarrah forests

Nield, Andrew P., Monaco, Sophie, Birnbaum, Christina and Enright, Neal J.. 2015. "Regeneration failure threatens persistence of Persoonia elliptica (Proteaceae) in Western Australian jarrah forests ." Plant Ecology. 216 (2), pp. 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-014-0427-7

Does topsoil age affect plant growth and symbiotic root microbiota?

Birnbaum, Christina, Bradshaw, Laura Elizabeth, Fontaine, Joseph B. and Ruthrof, Katinka Xoliswa. 2015. "Does topsoil age affect plant growth and symbiotic root microbiota?" 2015 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2015). Adelaide, Australia 29 Nov - 03 Dec 2015

Invasive legumes encounter similar soil fungal communities in their non-native and native ranges in Australia

Birnbaum, Christina, Bissett, Andrew, Thrall, Peter H. and Leishman, Michelle R.. 2014. "Invasive legumes encounter similar soil fungal communities in their non-native and native ranges in Australia ." Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 76, pp. 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.017

Making nature whole: a history of ecological restoration (The science and practice of ecological restoration series) by William R. Jordan and George M. Lubick

Birnbaum, Christina. 2014. "Making nature whole: a history of ecological restoration (The science and practice of ecological restoration series) by William R. Jordan and George M. Lubick." Ecological Management and Restoration. 15 (3), pp. e11-e11. https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12122

Do soil microbes drive Acacia species invasion in non-native ranges in Australia?

Birnbaum, Christina and Leishman, Michelle R.. 2014. "Do soil microbes drive Acacia species invasion in non-native ranges in Australia? " 57th Annual Symposium of the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVSD 2014). Perth, Australia 01 - 05 Sep 2014 Australia.

Do soil microbes matter in plant invasions? A case study from Australia on five acacias and their associated soil microbial communities across non-native and native range populations.

Birnbaum, C.. 2014. "Do soil microbes matter in plant invasions? A case study from Australia on five acacias and their associated soil microbial communities across non-native and native range populations." 4th International Symposium on Weeds and Invasive Plants. Montpellier, France 19 - 23 May 2014

Plant-soil feedbacks do not explain invasion success of Acacia species in introduced range populations in Australia

Birnbaum, C. and Leishman, M. R.. 2013. "Plant-soil feedbacks do not explain invasion success of Acacia species in introduced range populations in Australia ." Biological Invasions. 15 (12), pp. 2609-2625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0478-z

Specialists or generalists? Nitrogen fixing bacterial communities of invasive acacias in Australia

Birnbaum, Christina, Bissett, Andrew, Thrall, Peter H. and Leishman, Michelle R.. 2013. "Specialists or generalists? Nitrogen fixing bacterial communities of invasive acacias in Australia." 2013 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2013). Auckland, New Zealand 24 - 29 Nov 2013

NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Ondatra zibethicus

Birnbaum, Christina. 2013. NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Ondatra zibethicus. European Network on Invasive Alien Species (NOBANIS).

NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Neovison vison

Birnbaum, Christina. 2013. NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Neovison vison. European Network on Invasive Alien Species (NOBANIS).

Mutualisms are not constraining cross-continental invasion success of Acacia species within Australia

Birnbaum, Christina, Barrett, Luke G., Thrall, Peter H. and Leishman, Michelle R.. 2012. "Mutualisms are not constraining cross-continental invasion success of Acacia species within Australia ." Diversity and Distributions. 18 (10), pp. 962-976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00920.x

Cross-continental study on invasive Acacias in Australia: role of plant-soil feedbacks

Birnbaum, Christina and Leishman, Michelle R.. 2011. "Cross-continental study on invasive Acacias in Australia: role of plant-soil feedbacks." 2011 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2011). Hobart, Australia 21 - 25 Nov 2011 Ecological Society of Australia.

Role of nitrogen fixing bacteria in the invasion success of Australian Acacias

Birnbaum, Christina, Barrett, Luke G., Thrall, Peter H. and Leishman, Michelle R.. 2011. "Role of nitrogen fixing bacteria in the invasion success of Australian Acacias." 11th International Conference on the Ecology and Management of Alien Plant Invasions (EMAPi 2011). Szombathely, Hungary 30 Aug - 03 Sep 2011 Hungary.

Zippy escapee from fur farms

Birnbaum, Alien Invaders: Invasive Plants and Animals in Europe. 2011. "Zippy escapee from fur farms." Wolfgang Nentwig (ed.) Alien Invaders: Invasive Plants and Animals in Europe. Switzerland. pp. 173-180

NOBANIS–Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet–Dreissena polymorpha

Birnbaum, Christina. 2011. NOBANIS–Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet–Dreissena polymorpha. European Network on Invasive Alien Species (NOBANIS).

More is better? Rhizobial abundance and importance in invasion success of Acacias in Australia

Birnbaum, Christina, Thrall, Peter H. and Leishman, Michelle Ruth. 2010. "More is better? Rhizobial abundance and importance in invasion success of Acacias in Australia." 2010 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2010). Canberra, Australia 06 - 10 Dec 2010 Australia. Ecological Society of Australia.