Furrow irrigation in the Australian cotton industry: alternative water delivery systems and their potential for automation

Technical report

Koech, R. K., Smith, R. J. and Gillies, Malcolm H.. 2010. Furrow irrigation in the Australian cotton industry: alternative water delivery systems and their potential for automation. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Title

Furrow irrigation in the Australian cotton industry: alternative water delivery systems and their potential for automation

Report TypeTechnical report
AuthorsKoech, R. K. (Author), Smith, R. J. (Author) and Gillies, Malcolm H. (Author)
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Number of Pages14
Year2010
PublisherUniversity of Southern Queensland
Place of PublicationToowoomba, Australia
Web Address (URL)http://www.ncea.org.au/
Abstract

Furrow irrigation, and particularly the use of overbank siphons, is the most popular method in the irrigated cotton industry in Australia. The proportion of the use of pressurised systems in this industry is widely expected to increase but nonetheless furrow irrigation will remain dominant for the foreseeable future. However, furrow irrigation is labour–intensive and often an inefficient method of water application. The desire to reduce labour costs is driving attempts to automate the furrow system. These efforts are mainly focussed on the in-field mode of water delivery into the furrows.
This paper reviews the use of overbank siphons to deliver water to the furrows and the alternative water delivery systems, that is, pipes through the bank (PTB), bankless channels, lined head ditches and gated pipe. The potential for use of each these methods in automated systems is explored. Due to limited published data on the hydraulic design of large diameter gated layflat irrigation tubes, a study was undertaken in the Hydraulics Laboratory at the University of Southern Queensland to establish its flow characteristics under low heads and high flow rates typical in the cotton industry.
The reviews demonstrate that siphons are technically difficult to automate. The techniques that have successfully been used to automate check gates in bay irrigation systems can easily be adapted to bankless channels, PTBs and lined head ditches. Large diameter gated layflat irrigation tubes with appropriate outlets can supply high flow rates at low heads and can be automated.

Keywordsfurrow irrigation; cotton industry; water delivery; automation
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020409901. Agricultural engineering
300201. Agricultural hydrology
Public Notes

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Byline AffiliationsNational Centre for Engineering in Agriculture
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Bankless channel irrigation systems: irrigation performance assessment
Grabham, Michael, Hornbuckle, John, Raine, Steven R. and Smith, Rod. 2009. "Bankless channel irrigation systems: irrigation performance assessment." Irrigation Australia 2009: Irrigation Australia Irrigation and Drainage Conference: Irrigation Today - Meeting the Challenge. Swan Hill, Australia 18 - 21 Oct 2009 Sydney, Australia.
Characterisation of the micro-tube emitters used in a novel micro-sprinkler
de Almeida, Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral, Botrel, Tarlei Arriel and Smith, Rod J.. 2009. "Characterisation of the micro-tube emitters used in a novel micro-sprinkler." Irrigation Science. 27 (3), pp. 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-008-0135-y
Empirical functions for dependent variables in cutback furrow irrigation
Navabian, M., Liaghat, A. M., Smith, R. J. and Abbasi, F.. 2009. "Empirical functions for dependent variables in cutback furrow irrigation." Irrigation Science. 27 (3), pp. 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-008-0138-8
Measurement and management of furrow irrigation at the field scale
Gillies, Malcolm H., Smith, R. J. and Raine, Steven R.. 2008. "Measurement and management of furrow irrigation at the field scale." Irrigation Australia 2008: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition: Share the Water, Share the Benefits. Melbourne, Australia 20 - 22 May 2008
Managing the effect of infiltration variability on the performance of surface irrigation
Gillies, Malcolm H.. 2008. Managing the effect of infiltration variability on the performance of surface irrigation. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Toward a simple real-time control system for efficient management of furrow irrigation
Khatri, Kanya L. and Smith, R. J.. 2007. "Toward a simple real-time control system for efficient management of furrow irrigation." Irrigation and Drainage. 56 (4), pp. 463-475. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.319
Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control
Smith, R. J., Raine, Steven R., McCarthy, Alison and Hancock, Nigel. 2007. "Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control." Banhazi, T. M. and Saunders, C. (ed.) SEAg 2007: Agriculture and Engineering - Challenge Today, Technology Tomorrow. Adelaide, Australia 24 - 26 Sep 2007 Australia.
Errors in predicting furrow irrigation performance using single measures of infiltration
Langat, Philip K., Raine, Steven R. and Smith, R. J.. 2007. "Errors in predicting furrow irrigation performance using single measures of infiltration." Irrigation Science. 25 (4), pp. 339-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-006-0049-5
A decision support model for travelling gun irrigation machines
Smith, Rod, Gillies, Malcolm H., Newell, Geoffrey and Foley, Joseph P.. 2007. "A decision support model for travelling gun irrigation machines." CIGR 2006: Agricultural Engineering for a Better World. Bonn, Germany 03 - 07 Sep 2006
Real time control of surface irrigation: managing infiltration variations and enhancing furrow irrigation performance
Khatri, K. L., Smith, R. J. and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "Real time control of surface irrigation: managing infiltration variations and enhancing furrow irrigation performance." Irrigation Australia 2006: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia 09 - 11 May 2006 Brisbane.
Is it possible to extract infiltration rates for variable inflow furrow irrigation?
Gillies, Malcolm H., Smith, R. J. and Raine, Steven R.. 2006. "Is it possible to extract infiltration rates for variable inflow furrow irrigation?" Irrigation Australia 2006: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia 09 - 11 May 2006 Hornsby, NSW, Australia.
Simulation of performance for a simple real time control system of furrow irrigation
Khatri, K. L. and Smith, R. J.. 2006. "Simulation of performance for a simple real time control system of furrow irrigation." Lorenzini, G. (ed.) 1st International Conference on Sustainable Irrigation Management, Technologies and Policies. Bologna, Italy 05 - 07 Sep 2006 England.
Process studies of odour emissions from effluent ponds using machine-based odour measurement
Sohn, Jae Ho, Smith, R. J. and Yoong, Ernest. 2006. "Process studies of odour emissions from effluent ponds using machine-based odour measurement." Atmospheric Environment. 40 (7), pp. 1230-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.10.035
Evaluation of methods for determining infiltration parameters from irrigation advance data
Khatri, K. L. and Smith, R. J.. 2005. "Evaluation of methods for determining infiltration parameters from irrigation advance data." Irrigation and Drainage. 54 (4), pp. 467-482. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.198