Beyond the four theories of the press: A new model of national media systems

Article


Ostini, Jennifer and Fung, Anthony Y.H.. 2002. "Beyond the four theories of the press: A new model of national media systems." Mass Communication and Society. 5 (1), pp. 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0501_4
Article Title

Beyond the four theories of the press: A new model of national media systems

ERA Journal ID11029
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsOstini, Jennifer (Author) and Fung, Anthony Y.H. (Author)
Journal TitleMass Communication and Society
Journal Citation5 (1), pp. 41-56
Number of Pages14
Year2002
ISSN0193-7707
1520-5436
1532-7825
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0501_4
Abstract

Work on categorization of national press systems in the last 40 years has been grounded in the well-known Four Theories of the Press. Whereas this approach has been strongly criticized by international scholars for its idealism and its poverty of empiricism, it is still widely taught in introductory journalism courses across the country, and few theorists have engaged in grounding the theory with data in international settings. Although journalism is contextualized and constrained by press structure and state policies, it is also a relatively autonomous cultural production of journalists negotiating between their professionalism and state control.
This article thus proposes a new model incorporating the autonomy of individual journalistic practices into political and social structural factors—the interaction of which might currently more accurately represent press practices in the new international order. With an understanding of the background of the journalistic practices and state policies of 4 countries/cities, the multinational media coverage of a specific event is explicated in the light of the new model. This new model
explains the journalistic variations that cannot be clearly revealed using a state-policy press model alone.

Keywordsmedia systems, media, journalism, international communication, press models, theory
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020470101. Communication studies
470107. Media studies
470104. International and development communication
Public Notes

Published online: 17 Nov 2009, but actually first published in print in 2002.

Byline AffiliationsNo affiliation
City University of Hong Kong, China
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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