A study of plithogenic graphs: applications in spreading coronavirus disease (COVID-19) globally
Article
Article Title | A study of plithogenic graphs: applications in spreading coronavirus disease (COVID-19) globally |
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ERA Journal ID | 42085 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Sultana, Fazeelat, Gulistan, Muhammad, Ali, Mumtaz, Yaqoob, Naveed, Khan, Muhammad, Rashid, Tabasam and Ahmed, Tauseef |
Journal Title | Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing |
Journal Citation | 14 (10), p. 13139–13159 |
Number of Pages | 21 |
Year | Oct 2023 |
Publisher | Springer |
Place of Publication | Germany |
ISSN | 1868-5137 |
1868-5145 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-03772-6 |
Web Address (URL) | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12652-022-03772-6 |
Abstract | During the last two decades, the world has experienced three major outbreaks of Coronaviruses, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS- CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and the current ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 caused the disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its discovery for the first time in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the disease has spread very fast, and cases have been reported in more than 200 countries/territories. In this study, the idea of Smarandache’s pathogenic set is used to discuss the novel COVID-19 spread. We first introduced plithogenic graphs and their subclass, like plithogenic fuzzy graphs. We also established certain binary operations like union, join, Cartesian product, and composition of pathogenic fuzzy graphs, which are helpful when we discuss combining two different graphs. In the end, we investigate the spreading trend of COVID-19 by applying the pathogenic fuzzy graphs. We observe that COVID-19 is much dangerous than (MERS-CoV) and (SARS-CoV). Moreover, as the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks were controlled, there are greater chances to overcome the current pandemic of COVID-19 too. Our model suggests that all the countries should stop all types of traveling/movement across the borders and internally too to control the spread of COVID-19. The proposed model also predicts that in case precautionary measures have not been taken then there is a chance of severe outbreak in future. |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 460204. Fuzzy computation |
Public Notes | File reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher/author. |
Byline Affiliations | Hazara University, Pakistan |
Deakin University | |
Riphah International University, Pakistan | |
University of Management and Technology, Pakistan | |
Southeast University, China |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/w28xx/a-study-of-plithogenic-graphs-applications-in-spreading-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-globally
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