Evaluation and Prediction of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Using an Integrated Water Quality Indices, Machine Learning Models and GIS Approaches: A Representative Case Study
Article
Article Title | Evaluation and Prediction of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Using an Integrated Water Quality Indices, Machine Learning Models and GIS Approaches: A Representative Case Study |
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Article Category | Article |
Authors | Ibrahim, Hekmat, Yaseen, Zaher Mundher, Scholz, Miklas, Ali, Mumtaz, Gad, Mohamed, Elsayed, Salah, Khadr, Mosaad, Hussein, Hend, Ibrahim, Hazem H., Eid, Mohamed Hamdy, Kovács, Attila, Péter, Szűcs and Khalifa, Moataz M. |
Journal Title | Water |
Journal Citation | 15 (4), pp. 1-26 |
Article Number | 694 |
Number of Pages | 26 |
Year | 2023 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
ISSN | 2073-4441 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040694 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/694 |
Abstract | Agriculture has significantly aided in meeting the food needs of growing population. In addition, it has boosted economic development in irrigated regions. In this study, an assessment of the groundwater (GW) quality for agricultural land was carried out in El Kharga Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt. Several irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs) and geographic information systems (GIS) were used for the modeling development. Two machine learning (ML) models (i.e., adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and support vector machine (SVM)) were developed for the prediction of eight IWQIs, including the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), potential salinity (PS), residual sodium carbonate index (RSC), and Kelley index (KI). The physicochemical parameters included T°, pH, EC, TDS, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, CO32−, and NO3−, and they were measured in 140 GW wells. The hydrochemical facies of the GW resources were of Ca-Mg-SO4, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, Na-Cl, Ca-Mg-HCO3, and mixed Na-Ca-HCO3 types, which revealed silicate weathering, dissolution of gypsum/calcite/dolomite/ halite, rock–water interactions, and reverse ion exchange processes. The IWQI, SAR, KI, and PS showed that the majority of the GW samples were categorized for irrigation purposes into no restriction (67.85%), excellent (100%), good (57.85%), and excellent to good (65.71%), respectively. Moreover, the majority of the selected samples were categorized as excellent to good and safe for irrigation according to the SSP and RSC. The performance of the simulation models was evaluated based on several prediction skills criteria, which revealed that the ANFIS model and SVM model were capable of simulating the IWQIs with reasonable accuracy for both training “determination coefficient (R2)” (R2 = 0.99 and 0.97) and testing (R2 = 0.97 and 0.76). The presented models’ promising accuracy illustrates their potential for use in IWQI prediction. The findings indicate the potential for ML methods of geographically dispersed hydrogeochemical data, such as ANFIS and SVM, to be used for assessing the GW quality for irrigation. The proposed methodological approach offers a useful tool for identifying the crucial hydrogeochemical components for GW evolution assessment and mitigation measures related to GW management in arid and semi-arid environments. |
Keywords | groundwater quality; water quality indices; irrigation; machine learning; hydrogeochemistry |
Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 461199. Machine learning not elsewhere classified |
Byline Affiliations | Menoufia University, Egypt |
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia | |
Oldenburgisch-Ostfriesischer Wasserverband, Germany | |
University of Salford, United Kingdom | |
University of Johannesburg, South Africa | |
South Ural State University, Russia | |
UniSQ College | |
University of Sadat City, Egypt | |
University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia | |
Tanta University, Egypt | |
Damanhour University, Egypt | |
University of Miskolc, Hungary | |
Beni-Suef University, Egypt |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/w3z31/evaluation-and-prediction-of-groundwater-quality-for-irrigation-using-an-integrated-water-quality-indices-machine-learning-models-and-gis-approaches-a-representative-case-study
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Evaluation and Prediction of Groundwater Quality.pdf | ||
License: CC BY 4.0 | ||
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