Modelling the environmental and anatomical solar untraviolet distribution in a school playground

PhD Thesis


Downs, Nathan. 2009. Modelling the environmental and anatomical solar untraviolet distribution in a school playground. PhD Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. University of Southern Queensland.
Title

Modelling the environmental and anatomical solar untraviolet distribution in a school playground

TypePhD Thesis
Authors
AuthorDowns, Nathan
SupervisorParisi, Alfio
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Qualification NameDoctor of Philosophy
Number of Pages429
Year2009
Abstract

[Abstract]: The causative association between exposure to sunlight and the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer is well recognised. Intermittent sunburning episodes and chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancer. A large proportion of the solar ultraviolet received during childhood can be attributed to exposures received in the school playground. School playgrounds are essentially controlled environments. Increasing awareness and providing accurate predictions of ultraviolet exposure unique to individual school environments is an essential step that needs to be taken to educate children, teachers and school administrators of the risks faced in the playground and will contribute toward reducing unnecessary exposures. This is the first research to provide detailed maps of the ultraviolet exposure received in the school playground and upon the three dimensional skin surfaces of the body based on high density miniaturised polysulphone dosimeter measurements and environmental surveying of the playground environment. In this research, measurements of playground sky view were taken at 822 playground locations and UV exposure ratios were measured at 1453 body sites to map playground exposures and the three dimensional ultraviolet hot spots occurring on the face, neck, arm, hand and leg as a result of using that environment. Predictions of ultraviolet exposure were tested against measurements of erythemally effective ultraviolet exposure received by a cohort of school children using the modelled school playground. Effective shade, playground surface albedo, sky view and sunburning ultraviolet are provided for the modelled school and the suitability of the developed technique to provide estimates of personal ultraviolet exposure in the playground are discussed relative to the solar health risks experienced in Queensland.

Keywordsschool playgrounds; Queensland; solar health risks; UV exposure; ultraviolet exposure; school children
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420605. Preventative health care
511099. Synchrotrons and accelerators not elsewhere classified
Byline AffiliationsFaculty of Education
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/9z79x/modelling-the-environmental-and-anatomical-solar-untraviolet-distribution-in-a-school-playground

Download files


Published Version
Downs_2009_whole.pdf
File access level: Anyone

  • 2019
    total views
  • 362
    total downloads
  • 3
    views this month
  • 1
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Tree shade within urban parks and nature strips: standards and perspectives from measurement campaigns conducted in Queensland
Downs, Nathan, Antrobus, Jodie, Dekeyser, Stijn, Butler, Harry, Downs, Melanie, Hickmott, Darren, Madigan, Chris, Brown, Alexandra, Amar, Abdurazaq, Dearnaley, John, Parisi, Alfio V, Vanos, Jennifer, Raj, Nawin, Harrison, Simone and Igoe, Damien. 2024. "Tree shade within urban parks and nature strips: standards and perspectives from measurement campaigns conducted in Queensland ." 6th International conference UV and Skin Cancer Prevention. Brisbane, Australia 11 - 15 Sep 2024 Australia.
Prediction of Sea Level Using Double Data Decomposition and Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Northern Territory, Australia
Raj, Nawin, Murali, Jaishukh, Singh-Peterson, Lila and Downs, Nathan. 2024. "Prediction of Sea Level Using Double Data Decomposition and Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Northern Territory, Australia." Mathematics. 12 (15). https://doi.org/10.3390/math12152376
A playground shade index for standardising ultraviolet protection assessments of open, mixed and protected outdoor recreational spaces
Downs, Nathan, Butler, Harry, Dexter, Benjamin, Raj, Nawin, Downs, Melanie, Turner, Joanna, Dekeyser, Stijn, Deo, Ravinesh, Vanos, Jennifer, Igoe, Damien and Parisi, Alfio V. 2024. "A playground shade index for standardising ultraviolet protection assessments of open, mixed and protected outdoor recreational spaces." 6th International conference UV and Skin Cancer Prevention. Brisbane, Australia 11 - 15 Sep 2024 Australia.
The mitigating effect of street trees, urban flora, and the suburban environment on seasonal peak UV indices: A case study from Brisbane, Australia
Downs, Nathan James, Amar, Abdurazaq, Dearnaley, John, Butler, Harry, Dekeyser, Stijn, Igoe, Damien, Parisi, Alfio V., Raj, Nawin, Deo, Ravinesh and Turner, Joanna. 2024. "The mitigating effect of street trees, urban flora, and the suburban environment on seasonal peak UV indices: A case study from Brisbane, Australia." Photochemistry and Photobiology. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13988
UV albedo and reflectance: is it possible to predict erythemal reflectance from solar visible reflectance with respect to the type of material?
Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio V, Amar, Abdurazaq and Downs, Nathan. 2024. "UV albedo and reflectance: is it possible to predict erythemal reflectance from solar visible reflectance with respect to the type of material?" 6th International conference UV and Skin Cancer Prevention. Brisbane, Australia 11 - 15 Sep 2024 Australia.
A legacy of more than two decades of UV radiation measurement studies at the University of Southern Queensland
Amar, Abdurazaq, Parisi, Alfio, Downs, Nathan, Turner, Joanna, Igoe, Damien, Butler, Harry and Dekeyser, Stijn. 2024. "A legacy of more than two decades of UV radiation measurement studies at the University of Southern Queensland." 6th International conference UV and Skin Cancer Prevention. Brisbane, Australia 11 - 15 Sep 2024 Australia.
Electronic sun journal as an evaluation tool for measuring sunflecks while walking through urban forests
Igoe, Damien P., Parisi, Alfio V, Amar, Abdurazaq, Downs, Nathan J. and Butler, Harry. 2024. "Electronic sun journal as an evaluation tool for measuring sunflecks while walking through urban forests." Instrumentation Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2024.2350009
Very short-term solar ultraviolet-A radiation forecasting system with cloud cover images and a Bayesian optimized interpretable artificial intelligence model
Prasad, Salvin Sanjesh, Deo, Ravinesh Chand, Downs, Nathan James, Casillas-Perez, David, Salcedo-sanz, Sancho and Parisi, Alfio Venerando. 2024. "Very short-term solar ultraviolet-A radiation forecasting system with cloud cover images and a Bayesian optimized interpretable artificial intelligence model ." Expert Systems with Applications. 236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121273
Serial Cross-Sectional Observations of Sun-Protective Behaviors at an Annual Outdoor Motorsport Event in Tropical Queensland, Australia
Dexter, Ben, Smith, Annika, King, Rachel, Downs, Nathan J., Nikles, Catherine Jane, Parisi, Alfio V., Ho, Yik-Hong and Harrison, Simone Lee. 2023. "Serial Cross-Sectional Observations of Sun-Protective Behaviors at an Annual Outdoor Motorsport Event in Tropical Queensland, Australia ." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 99 (5), pp. 1352-1356. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13773
Optimizing the Seasonal Shade and Ultraviolet Protection of a Suburban Playground by Utilization of the Playground Shade Index
Downs, Nathan, Butler, Harry, Parisi, Alfio, Beckman-Downs, Melanie and Igoe, Damien. 2023. "Optimizing the Seasonal Shade and Ultraviolet Protection of a Suburban Playground by Utilization of the Playground Shade Index." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 99 (6), pp. 1483-1492. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13792
Enhanced joint hybrid deep neural network explainable artificial intelligence model for 1-hr ahead solar ultraviolet index prediction
Prasad, Salvin S., Deo, Ravinesh C., Salcedo-sanz, Sancho, Downs, Nathan J., Casillas-Perez, David and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2023. "Enhanced joint hybrid deep neural network explainable artificial intelligence model for 1-hr ahead solar ultraviolet index prediction." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107737
Satellite monitoring of environmental solar ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure and irradiance: a review of OMI and GOME-2
Parisi, Alfio V., Igoe, Damien, Downs, Nathan J., Turner, Joanna, Amar, Abdurazaq and A Jebar, Mustapha A.. 2021. "Satellite monitoring of environmental solar ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure and irradiance: a review of OMI and GOME-2." Remote Sensing. 13 (4), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040752
The Playground Shade Index: A New Design Metric for Measuring Shade and Seasonal Ultraviolet Protection Characteristics of Parks and Playgrounds
Downs, Nathan, Raj, Nawin, Vanos, Jennifer, Parisi, Alfio, Butler, Harry, Deo, Ravinesh, Igoe, Damien, Dexter, Benjamin, Beckman-Downs, Melanie, Turner, Joanna and Dekeyser, Stijn. 2023. "The Playground Shade Index: A New Design Metric for Measuring Shade and Seasonal Ultraviolet Protection Characteristics of Parks and Playgrounds." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 99 (4), pp. 1193-1207. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13745
Queensland Guidelines for the provision of tree shade on suburban nature-strips
Downs, Nathan. 2022. Queensland Guidelines for the provision of tree shade on suburban nature-strips. Toowoomba, Australia. University of Southern Queensland.
Forecasting solar photosynthetic photon flux density under cloud cover effects: novel predictive model using convolutional neural network integrated with long short-term memory network
Deo, Ravinesh C., Grant, Richard H., Webb, Ann, Ghimire, Sujan, Igoe, Damien P., Downs, Nathan J., Al-Musaylh, Mohanad S., Parisi, Alfio V. and Soar, Jeffrey. 2022. "Forecasting solar photosynthetic photon flux density under cloud cover effects: novel predictive model using convolutional neural network integrated with long short-term memory network." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 36, p. 3183–3220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-022-02188-0
Introductory Engineering Mathematics Students’ Weighted Score Predictions Utilising a Novel Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline Model
Ahmed, Abul Abrar Masrur, Deo, Ravinesh C., Ghimire, Sujan, Downs, Nathan J., Devi, Aruna, Barua, Prabal D. and Yaseen, Zaher M.. 2022. "Introductory Engineering Mathematics Students’ Weighted Score Predictions Utilising a Novel Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline Model." Sustainability. 14 (17), pp. 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141711070
Cloud Affected Solar UV Predictions with Three-Phase Wavelet Hybrid Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Network Multi-Step Forecast System
Prasad, Salvin S., Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan, Igoe, Damien, Parisi, Alfio V. and Soar, Jeffrey. 2022. "Cloud Affected Solar UV Predictions with Three-Phase Wavelet Hybrid Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Network Multi-Step Forecast System." IEEE Access. 10, pp. 24704-24720. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3153475
A Case Study of UV Exposure Risk in Sydney during the 2019/2020 New South Wales Bushfires
Igoe, Damien P., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Butler, Harry. 2022. "A Case Study of UV Exposure Risk in Sydney during the 2019/2020 New South Wales Bushfires." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 98 (5), pp. 1236-1244. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13603
Wearable ultraviolet radiation sensors for research and personal use
Henning, Alyssa, Downs, Nathan J. and Vanos, Jennifer K.. 2022. "Wearable ultraviolet radiation sensors for research and personal use." International Journal of Biometeorology: the description, causes, and implications of climatic change. 66 (3), pp. 627-640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-021-02216-8
Sun exposure and physical activity: the valuable role of UV wearables
Henning, Alyssa, Vanos, Jennifer and Downs, Nathan. 2021. "Sun exposure and physical activity: the valuable role of UV wearables." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 40 (3), pp. 16-18. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2021.3101927
Solar ultraviolet radiation, shade profile and heat index survey report: New South Wales playgrounds (2020 - 2021)
Downs, Nathan J.. 2021. Solar ultraviolet radiation, shade profile and heat index survey report: New South Wales playgrounds (2020 - 2021). Unpublished.
Evaluation of the Long-term Cumulative UVA Facial Exposure of Queensland School Teachers derived for an Extended Period from the OMI Satellite Irradiance
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Downs, Nathan J., Parisi, Alfio V. and Turner, Joanna. 2021. "Evaluation of the Long-term Cumulative UVA Facial Exposure of Queensland School Teachers derived for an Extended Period from the OMI Satellite Irradiance." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 97 (1), pp. 192-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13329
SEQ Ultraviolet and Cloud Measurement Data Collection
Downs, Nathan. SEQ Ultraviolet and Cloud Measurement Data Collection. Toowoomba. https://doi.org/10.26192/9209-3504
Electronic Sun Journal Versus Self-report Sun Diary: A Comparison of Recording Personal Sunlight Exposure Methods
Dexter, Benjamin R., King, Rachel, Parisi, Alfio V., Harrison, Simone L., Igoe, Damien P. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2021. "Electronic Sun Journal Versus Self-report Sun Diary: A Comparison of Recording Personal Sunlight Exposure Methods." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 97 (3), pp. 641-649. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13359
Keratinocyte skin cancer risks for working school teachers: scenarios and implications of the timing of scheduled duty periods in Queensland, Australia
Dexter, B. R., King, R., Parisi, A. V., Harrison, S. L., Konovalov, D. A. and Downs, N. J.. 2020. "Keratinocyte skin cancer risks for working school teachers: scenarios and implications of the timing of scheduled duty periods in Queensland, Australia." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 213, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112046
Shade auditing in Queensland
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Baldwin, Louise and Harrison, Simone. 2019. "Shade auditing in Queensland." 6th Annual Brisbane Cancer Conference. Brisbane, Australia 28 - 29 Nov 2019
Solar blue light radiation enhancement during mid to low solar elevation periods under cloud affected skies
Parisi, Alfio V., Igoe, Damien P., Amar, Abdurazaq and Downs, Nathan. 2020. "Solar blue light radiation enhancement during mid to low solar elevation periods under cloud affected skies." Sensors. 20 (15), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154105
Electronic Sun Journals: integrating calibrated field radiometers and traditional dosimeters for monitoring personal sun exposure behavior
Downs, Nathan. 2018. "Electronic Sun Journals: integrating calibrated field radiometers and traditional dosimeters for monitoring personal sun exposure behavior." 2018 National Cancer Institute Exercise Science and Skin Cancer Prevention Research Meeting. Rockville, United States 26 - 27 Sep 2018
Measured UV Exposures of Ironman, Sprint and Olympic-Distance Triathlon Competitors
Downs, Nathan J., Axelsen, Taryn, Parisi, Alfio V., Schouten, Peter W. and Dexter, Ben R.. 2020. "Measured UV Exposures of Ironman, Sprint and Olympic-Distance Triathlon Competitors." Atmosphere. 11 (5), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050440
Evaluation of shade profiles while walking in urban environments: A case study from inner suburban Sydney, Australia
Igoe, Damien P., Downs, Nathan J., Parisi, Alfio V. and Amar, Abdurazaq. 2020. "Evaluation of shade profiles while walking in urban environments: A case study from inner suburban Sydney, Australia." Building and Environment. 177, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106873
Influence of Clouds on OMI Satellite Total Daily UVA Exposure over a 12-year Period at a Southern Hemisphere Site
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna. 2020. "Influence of Clouds on OMI Satellite Total Daily UVA Exposure over a 12-year Period at a Southern Hemisphere Site." International Journal of Remote Sensing. 41 (1), pp. 272-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1641243
The Simulated Ocular and Whole-Body Distribution of Natural Sunlight to Kiteboarders: A High-Risk Case of UVR Exposure for Athletes Utilizing Water Surfaces in Sport
Downs, Nathan J., Parisi, Alfio V., Schouten, Peter W., Igoe, Damien P. and De Castro-Maqueda, Guillermo. 2020. "The Simulated Ocular and Whole-Body Distribution of Natural Sunlight to Kiteboarders: A High-Risk Case of UVR Exposure for Athletes Utilizing Water Surfaces in Sport." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 96 (4), pp. 926-935. https://doi.org/10.1111/PHP.13200
Beyond the current Smartphone Application: Using smartphone hardware to measure UV radiation
Turner, J., Igoe, D. P., Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. J. and Amar, A.. 2018. "Beyond the current Smartphone Application: Using smartphone hardware to measure UV radiation." NIWA UV Workshop 2018 - UV Radiation: Effects on Human Health and the Environment. Wellington, New Zealand 04 - 06 Apr 2018 New Zealand.
A site-specific standard for comparing dynamic solar ultraviolet protection characteristics of established tree canopies
Downs, N. J., Butler, H. J., Baldwin, L., Parisi, A. V., Amar, A., Vanos, J. and Harrison, S.. 2019. "A site-specific standard for comparing dynamic solar ultraviolet protection characteristics of established tree canopies." MethodsX. 6, pp. 1683-1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.013
Seasonal Minimum and Maximum Solar Ultraviolet Exposure Measurements of Classroom Teachers Residing in Tropical North Queensland, Australia
Downs, Nathan J., Igoe, Damien P., Parisi, Alfio V., Taylor, Olivia, Lazzaroni, Shari L., Rawlings, Alex, Garzon-Chavez, Daniel R. and Harrison, Simone L.. 2019. "Seasonal Minimum and Maximum Solar Ultraviolet Exposure Measurements of Classroom Teachers Residing in Tropical North Queensland, Australia." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 95, pp. 1083-1093. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13081
Monthly rainfall forecasting with Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations integrated with statistical bivariate copulas
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2020. "Monthly rainfall forecasting with Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations integrated with statistical bivariate copulas." Samui, Pijush, Bui, Dieu Tien, Chakraborty, Subrata and Deo, Ravinesh C. (ed.) Handbook of probabilistic models. Oxford, United Kingdom. Elsevier. pp. 89-105
Comparing the annualised dynamic shade characteristics of twenty-one tree canopies across twenty-six municipalities in a high ambient UV climate, Queensland - Australia
Downs, Nathan J., Baldwin, Louise, Parisi, Alfio V., Butler, Harry J., Vanos, Jennifer, Beckman, Melanie and Harrison, Simone. 2019. "Comparing the annualised dynamic shade characteristics of twenty-one tree canopies across twenty-six municipalities in a high ambient UV climate, Queensland - Australia." Applied Geography. 108, pp. 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.05.006
Cloud segmentation property extraction from total sky image repositories using Python
Igoe, Damien P., Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2019. "Cloud segmentation property extraction from total sky image repositories using Python." Instrumentation Science and Technology. 47 (5), pp. 522-534. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2019.1603996
Improving SPI-derived drought forecasts incorporating synoptic-scale climate indices in multi-phase multivariate empirical mode decomposition model hybridized with simulated annealing and kernel ridge regression algorithms
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Maraseni, Tek and Downs, Nathan J.. 2019. "Improving SPI-derived drought forecasts incorporating synoptic-scale climate indices in multi-phase multivariate empirical mode decomposition model hybridized with simulated annealing and kernel ridge regression algorithms." Journal of Hydrology. 576, pp. 164-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.032
Biologically effective solar ultraviolet exposures and the potential skin cancer risk for individual gold medalists of the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic Games
Downs, Nathan J., Axelsen, Taryn, Schouten, Peter, Igoe, Damien P., Parisi, Alfio V. and Vanos, Jennifer. 2019. "Biologically effective solar ultraviolet exposures and the potential skin cancer risk for individual gold medalists of the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic Games." Temperature. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2019.1581427
Development of a model for calculating the solar ultraviolet protection factor of small to medium sized built shade structure
Parisi, Alfio V., Amar, Abdurazaq, Downs, Nathan J., Igoe, Damien P., Harrison, Simone L. and Turner, Joanna. 2019. "Development of a model for calculating the solar ultraviolet protection factor of small to medium sized built shade structure." Building and Environment. 147, pp. 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.10.010
Global solar radiation prediction by ANN integrated with European Centre for medium range weather forecast fields in solar rich cities of Queensland Australia
Ghimire, Sujan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Raj, Nawin. 2019. "Global solar radiation prediction by ANN integrated with European Centre for medium range weather forecast fields in solar rich cities of Queensland Australia." Journal of Cleaner Production. 216, pp. 288-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.158
A pilot observational study of environmental summertime health risk behaviour in central Brisbane, Queensland: opportunities to raise sun protection awareness in Australia’s Sunshine State
Dexter, Ben, King, Rachel, Harrison, Simone L., Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2019. "A pilot observational study of environmental summertime health risk behaviour in central Brisbane, Queensland: opportunities to raise sun protection awareness in Australia’s Sunshine State." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 95 (2), pp. 650-655. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13011
Evaluated UVA irradiances over a twelve year period at a sub-tropical site from ozone monitoring instrument data including the influence of cloud
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna F.. 2018. "Evaluated UVA irradiances over a twelve year period at a sub-tropical site from ozone monitoring instrument data including the influence of cloud." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 94 (6), pp. 1281-1288. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12948
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System integrated with solar zenith angle for forecasting sub-tropical photosynthetically active radiation
Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J., Adamowski, Jan F. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System integrated with solar zenith angle for forecasting sub-tropical photosynthetically active radiation." Food and Energy Security. 8 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.151
Cotton yield prediction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based simulation model integrated with genetic programing algorithm: a new hybrid copula-driven approach
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2018. "Cotton yield prediction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based simulation model integrated with genetic programing algorithm: a new hybrid copula-driven approach." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 263, pp. 428-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.09.002
Multi-stage committee based extreme learning machine model incorporating the influence of climate parameters and seasonality on drought forecasting
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2018. "Multi-stage committee based extreme learning machine model incorporating the influence of climate parameters and seasonality on drought forecasting." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 152, pp. 149-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.07.013
Multi-stage hybridized online sequential extreme learning machine integrated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo copula-Bat algorithm for rainfall forecasting
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2018. "Multi-stage hybridized online sequential extreme learning machine integrated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo copula-Bat algorithm for rainfall forecasting." Atmospheric Research. 213, pp. 450-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.07.005
The geospatial relationship of pterygium and senile cataract to ambient solar ultraviolet in tropical Ecuador
Garzon-Chavez, Daniel R., Quentin, Emmanuelle, Harrison, Simone L., Parisi, Alfio V., Butler, Harry J. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2018. "The geospatial relationship of pterygium and senile cataract to ambient solar ultraviolet in tropical Ecuador." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 17 (8), pp. 1075-1083. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8PP00023A
Triathlon and the potential for solar ultraviolet exposure risk assessed during the swim, bicycle and running legs of competitive Australian Ironman events
Axelsen, Taryn, Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2018. "Triathlon and the potential for solar ultraviolet exposure risk assessed during the swim, bicycle and running legs of competitive Australian Ironman events." 4th International Conference on UV & Skin Cancer Prevention 2018. Toronto, Canada 01 - 04 May 2018
Reflecting on fraction addition: using the mirror formula to visualise unit fraction addition
Igoe, Damien, Boucher, Nicholas, Clark, Iain, Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2018. "Reflecting on fraction addition: using the mirror formula to visualise unit fraction addition." Australian Mathematics Teacher. 74 (2), pp. 3-9.
Optimization of windspeed prediction using an artificial neural network compared with a genetic programming model
Deo, Ravinesh C., Ghimire, Sujan, Downs, Nathan J. and Raj, Nawin. 2018. "Optimization of windspeed prediction using an artificial neural network compared with a genetic programming model." Kim, Dookie, Roy, Sanjiban Sekhar, Lansivaara, Tim, Deo, Ravinesh C. and Samui, Pijush (ed.) Handbook of research on predictive modeling and optimization methods in science and engineering. Hershey, United States. IGI Global. pp. 328-359
The inverse relationship between the incidence of solar induced eye disease and reported skin cancer rates at high elevation in the tropical Andes, Ecuador, South America
Downs, Nathan J., Garzon Chavez, Daniel R., Quentin, Emmanuelle, Harrison, Simone L., Parisi, Alfio V. and Butler, Harry. 2018. "The inverse relationship between the incidence of solar induced eye disease and reported skin cancer rates at high elevation in the tropical Andes, Ecuador, South America." 4th International Conference on UV & Skin Cancer Prevention 2018. Toronto, Canada 01 - 04 May 2018 Canada.
The Garment Protection Factor (GPF): an index for sun-protective clothing that combines garment coverage and UVR transmittance
Harrison, Simone L., Downs, Nathan J., Rawlings, Alex T. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "The Garment Protection Factor (GPF): an index for sun-protective clothing that combines garment coverage and UVR transmittance." 4th International Conference on UV & Skin Cancer Prevention 2018. Toronto, Canada 01 - 04 May 2018 Canada.
Self-adaptive differential evolutionary extreme learning machines for long-term solar radiation prediction with remotely-sensed MODIS satellite and Reanalysis atmospheric products in solar-rich cities
Ghimire, Sujan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Raj, Nawin. 2018. "Self-adaptive differential evolutionary extreme learning machines for long-term solar radiation prediction with remotely-sensed MODIS satellite and Reanalysis atmospheric products in solar-rich cities." Remote Sensing of Environment: an interdisciplinary journal. 212, pp. 176-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.003
An ensemble-ANFIS based uncertainty assessment model for forecasting multi-scalar standardized precipitation index
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2018. "An ensemble-ANFIS based uncertainty assessment model for forecasting multi-scalar standardized precipitation index." Atmospheric Research. 207, pp. 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.02.024
Comparative signal to noise ratio as a determinant to select smartphone image sensor colour channels for analysis in the UVB
Igoe, D. P., Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. J., Amar, A. and Turner, J.. 2018. "Comparative signal to noise ratio as a determinant to select smartphone image sensor colour channels for analysis in the UVB." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 272, pp. 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.01.057
Atmospheric total ozone column evaluation with a smartphone image sensor
Igoe, Damien P., Parisi, Alfio V., Amar, Abdurazaq, Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna. 2018. "Atmospheric total ozone column evaluation with a smartphone image sensor." International Journal of Remote Sensing. 39 (9), pp. 2766-2783. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1433895
A comprehensive approach to evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing
Downs, N. J. and Harrison, S. L.. 2018. "A comprehensive approach to evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing." British Journal of Dermatology. 178 (4), pp. 958-964. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15938
An Inexpensive High-Temporal Resolution Electronic Sun Journal for Monitoring Personal Day to Day Sun Exposure Patterns
Downs, Nathan J., Parisi, Alfio V., Butler, Harry, Rawlings, Alex and Elrahoumi, Raja Salem. 2017. "An Inexpensive High-Temporal Resolution Electronic Sun Journal for Monitoring Personal Day to Day Sun Exposure Patterns." Frontiers in Public Health. 5, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00310
Very short-term reactive forecasting of the solar ultraviolet index using an extreme learning machine integrated with the solar zenith angle
Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio V., Adamowski, Jan F. and Quilty, John M.. 2017. "Very short-term reactive forecasting of the solar ultraviolet index using an extreme learning machine integrated with the solar zenith angle." Environmental Research. 155, pp. 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.035
Validation of ozone monitoring instrument UV satellite data using spectral and broadband surface based measurements at a Queensland site
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna F.. 2017. "Validation of ozone monitoring instrument UV satellite data using spectral and broadband surface based measurements at a Queensland site." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 93 (5), pp. 1289-1293. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12784
Solar ultraviolet and the occupational radiant exposure of Queensland school teachers: a comparative study between teaching classifications and behavior patterns
Downs, Nathan J., Harrison, Simone L., Garzon Chavez, Daniel R. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2016. "Solar ultraviolet and the occupational radiant exposure of Queensland school teachers: a comparative study between teaching classifications and behavior patterns." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 158, pp. 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.018
Dual calibrated dosimeter for simultaneous measurements of erythemal and vitamin D effective solar ultraviolet radiation
Wainwright, L., Parisi, A. V. and Downs, N.. 2016. "Dual calibrated dosimeter for simultaneous measurements of erythemal and vitamin D effective solar ultraviolet radiation." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 157, pp. 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.003
Concurrent evaluation of personal damaging and beneficial UV exposures over an extended period
Wainwright, L. K., Parisi, A. V. and Downs, N. J.. 2017. "Concurrent evaluation of personal damaging and beneficial UV exposures over an extended period." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 170, pp. 188-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.013
Comparison of GOME-2 UVA satellite data to ground-based spectroradiometer measurements at a subtropical site
Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan, Turner, Joanna and King, Rachel. 2017. "Comparison of GOME-2 UVA satellite data to ground-based spectroradiometer measurements at a subtropical site." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 55 (6), pp. 3145-3149. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2662714
Educating the younger generation (and the public) in UV effects with a simple experiment
Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan. 2013. "Educating the younger generation (and the public) in UV effects with a simple experiment." Byrne, Scott and Chen, Min (ed.) 6th Asia & Oceania Conference on Photobiology (AOCP 2013): Life on a Sun-Drenched Planet. Sydney, Australia 10 - 13 Nov 2013
In-situ measurements of solar exposure distribution on a coral reef: preliminary findings relating to reef aspect, water turbidity and dosimeter design
Downs, N. J., Schouten, P. W. and Parisi, A. V.. 2016. "In-situ measurements of solar exposure distribution on a coral reef: preliminary findings relating to reef aspect, water turbidity and dosimeter design." 13th International Coral Reef Symposium. Honolulu, Hawaii 19 - 24 Jun 2016
Solar ultraviolet attenuation during the Australian (Red Dawn) dust event of 23 September 2009
Downs, Nathan, Butler, Harry and Parisi, Alfio. 2016. "Solar ultraviolet attenuation during the Australian (Red Dawn) dust event of 23 September 2009." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 97 (11), pp. 2039-2050. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00053.1
Characterization of cloud cover with a smartphone camera
Parisi, A. V., Downs, N., Igoe, D. and Turner, J.. 2016. "Characterization of cloud cover with a smartphone camera." Instrumentation Science and Technology. 44 (1), pp. 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2015.1055577
Online educative activities for solar ultraviolet radiation based on measurements of cloud amount and solar exposures
Parisi, A. V., Downs, N., Turner, J. and Amar, A.. 2016. "Online educative activities for solar ultraviolet radiation based on measurements of cloud amount and solar exposures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 162, pp. 434-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.015
Progress towards an industry standard for sun-protective clothing incorporating body coverage
Harrison, Simone and Downs, Nathan. 2015. "Progress towards an industry standard for sun-protective clothing incorporating body coverage." 2nd Global Advances and Controversies in Skin Cancer 2015 (GAC-SC) in association with the 7th UQ/HealthCert Skin Cancer Conference. Brisbane, Australia 29 - 31 Oct 2015 Australia.
Queensland teacher sun survey: measurements and procedures for recording occupational UV exposures in Townsville and Toowoomba
Downs, Nathan, Harrison, Simone and Parisi, Alfio. 2015. "Queensland teacher sun survey: measurements and procedures for recording occupational UV exposures in Townsville and Toowoomba." Townsville Health Symposium 2015. Townsville, Australia 07 - 09 Oct 2015 Australia.
Development of a reproducible evaluation and classification system for sun-protective garments incorporating body surface coverage
Harrison, Simone and Downs, Nathan. 2015. "Development of a reproducible evaluation and classification system for sun-protective garments incorporating body surface coverage." 2015 International Conference on Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE 2015). Suzhou, China 23 - 25 Oct 2015
Classroom teachers and occupational UV exposure characteristics: Toowoomba and Townsville
Downs, Nathan, Harrison, Simone, Garzon Chavez, Daniel and Parisi, Alfio. 2015. "Classroom teachers and occupational UV exposure characteristics: Toowoomba and Townsville." 3rd International Conference on UV and Skin Cancer Prevention 2015. Melbourne, Victoria 07 - 11 Dec 2015
Dosimeter based on 8-Methoxypsoralen for UVA exposures over extended periods
Wainwright, Lisa, Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan. 2015. "Dosimeter based on 8-Methoxypsoralen for UVA exposures over extended periods." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 148, pp. 246-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.012
Development of a reproducible rating system for sun protective clothing that incorporates body surface coverage
Harrison, Simone L. and Downs, Nathan. 2015. "Development of a reproducible rating system for sun protective clothing that incorporates body surface coverage." World Journal of Engineering and Technology. 3, pp. 208-214. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2015.33C031
Solar radiation and the UV index: an application of numerical integration, trigonometric functions, online education and the modelling process
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Galligan, Linda, Turner, Joanna, Amar, Abdurazaq, King, Rachel, Ultra, Filipina and Butler, Harry. 2016. "Solar radiation and the UV index: an application of numerical integration, trigonometric functions, online education and the modelling process." International Journal of Research in Education and Science. 2 (1), pp. 179-189.
Minimum exposure limits and measured relationships between the vitamin D, erythema and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection solar ultraviolet
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Butler, Harry, Turner, Joanna and Wainwright, Lisa. 2015. "Minimum exposure limits and measured relationships between the vitamin D, erythema and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection solar ultraviolet." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 91 (2), pp. 438-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12394
From ultraviolet to Prussian blue: a spectral response for the cyanotype process and a safe educational activity to explain UV exposure for all ages
Turner, J., Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. and Lynch, M.. 2014. "From ultraviolet to Prussian blue: a spectral response for the cyanotype process and a safe educational activity to explain UV exposure for all ages." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 13 (12), pp. 1753-1764. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00166d
Ultraviolet exposure measurements on a coral reef by application of polyphenylene oxide film dosimeters
Downs, Nathan J., Schouten, Peter W. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2012. "Ultraviolet exposure measurements on a coral reef by application of polyphenylene oxide film dosimeters." Balenovic, Damijan and Stimac, Emilije (ed.) Radiation exposure: sources, impact and reduction strategies. Hauppauge, NY. United States. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 189-198
Evaluation of the cloudy sky solar UVA radiation exposures
Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. and Turner, J.. 2014. "Evaluation of the cloudy sky solar UVA radiation exposures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 138, pp. 141-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.05.012
Measurements of occupational ultraviolet exposure and the implications of timetabled yard duty for school teachers in Queensland, Australia: preliminary results
Downs, N. J., Parisi, A. V. and Igoe, D.. 2014. "Measurements of occupational ultraviolet exposure and the implications of timetabled yard duty for school teachers in Queensland, Australia: preliminary results." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 131, pp. 84-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.012
Actinic exposure film dosimetry: indicators of occupational exposure risk for office workers and school teachers
Downs, N., Parisi, A., Igoe, D., Wainwright, L. and Butler, H.. 2013. "Actinic exposure film dosimetry: indicators of occupational exposure risk for office workers and school teachers." Byrne, Scott and Chen, Min (ed.) 6th Asia & Oceania Conference on Photobiology (AOCP 2013): Life on a Sun-Drenched Planet. Sydney, Australia 10 - 13 Nov 2013
Seasonal variations in the subsurface ultraviolet-B on an inshore Pacific coral reef ecosystem
Downs, Nathan J., Schouten, Peter W. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2013. "Seasonal variations in the subsurface ultraviolet-B on an inshore Pacific coral reef ecosystem." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 89 (5), pp. 1234-1243. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12101
Making small-scale classroom greenhouse gas flux calculations using a handmade gas capture hood
Schouten, Peter W., Sharma, Ashok, Burn, Stewart, Goodman, Nigel, Parisi, Alfio, Downs, Nathan and Lemckert, Charles. 2013. "Making small-scale classroom greenhouse gas flux calculations using a handmade gas capture hood." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 59 (1), pp. 48-53.
Dosimetric investigation of the solar erythemal UV radiation protection provided by beards and moustaches
Parisi, A. V., Turnbull, D. J., Downs, N. and Smith, D.. 2012. "Dosimetric investigation of the solar erythemal UV radiation protection provided by beards and moustaches." Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 150 (3), pp. 278-282. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr418
A practical science investigation for middle school students: designing a simple cost effective chemical solar radiation dosimeter
Downs, Nathan, Larsen, Kim, Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter and Brennan, Chris. 2012. "A practical science investigation for middle school students: designing a simple cost effective chemical solar radiation dosimeter." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 58 (1), pp. 48-51.
Determination of the usage of shade structures via a dosimetry technique
Parisi, Alfio V., Eley, Robert and Downs, Nathan. 2012. "Determination of the usage of shade structures via a dosimetry technique." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 88 (4), pp. 1012-1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01111.x
Influence of high levels of cloud cover on vitamin D effective and erythemal solar UV irradiances
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2012. "Influence of high levels of cloud cover on vitamin D effective and erythemal solar UV irradiances." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 11 (12), pp. 1855-1859. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2pp25160d
Annual measurement of solar UVB at a reef site using a polyphenylene oxide dosimeter
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio V. and Schouten, Peter. 2012. "Annual measurement of solar UVB at a reef site using a polyphenylene oxide dosimeter." Yellowlees, D. and Hughes, T. P. (ed.) 12th International Coral Reef Symposium. Cairns, Australia 09 - 13 Jul 2012 Townsville, Australia.
Mean exposure fractions of human body solar UV exposure patterns for application in different ambient climates
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2012. "Mean exposure fractions of human body solar UV exposure patterns for application in different ambient climates." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 88 (1), pp. 223-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01025.x
Alternative methods for the reduction of evaporation: practical exercises for the science classroom
Schouten, Peter, Putland, Sam, Lemckert, Charles J., Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan. 2012. "Alternative methods for the reduction of evaporation: practical exercises for the science classroom." Physics Education. 47 (2), pp. 202-210. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/47/2/202
Understanding the UVA environment at a sub-tropical site and its consequent impact on human UVA exposure
Kimlin, Michael G., Parisi, Alfio, Sabburg, Jeff and Downs, Nathan. 2002. "Understanding the UVA environment at a sub-tropical site and its consequent impact on human UVA exposure." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 1 (7), pp. 478-482. https://doi.org/10.1039/b200844k
Human UVA exposures estimated from ambient UVA measurements
Kimlin, Michael G., Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2003. "Human UVA exposures estimated from ambient UVA measurements." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 2 (4), pp. 365-369. https://doi.org/10.1039/b207953d
Comparison of human facial UV exposure at high and low latitudes and the potential impact on dermal vitamin D production
Kimlin, M. G., Downs, N. J. and Parisi, A. V.. 2003. "Comparison of human facial UV exposure at high and low latitudes and the potential impact on dermal vitamin D production." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 2 (4), pp. 370-375. https://doi.org/10.1039/b211830k
Variation of the enhanced biologically damaging solar UV due to clouds
Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2004. "Variation of the enhanced biologically damaging solar UV due to clouds." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 3 (7), pp. 643-647. https://doi.org/10.1039/b402035a
Basal and squamous cell carcinoma risks for golfers: an assessment of the influence of tee time for latitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio and Schouten, Peter. 2011. "Basal and squamous cell carcinoma risks for golfers: an assessment of the influence of tee time for latitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 105 (1), pp. 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.07.007
Variable wind speed and evaporation rates: a practical and modelling exercise for high school physics and multi-strand science classes
Schouten, Peter, Lemckert, Charles, Parisi, Alfio, Downs, Nathan, Underhill, Ian and Turner, Geoff. 2011. "Variable wind speed and evaporation rates: a practical and modelling exercise for high school physics and multi-strand science classes." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 57 (2), pp. 47-51.
Chemical films and monolayers on the water surface and their interactions with ultraviolet radiation: a pilot investigation
Schouten, Peter, Lemckert, Charles, Turnbull, David, Parisi, Alfio, Downs, Nathan, Underhill, Ian and Turner, Geoff. 2011. "Chemical films and monolayers on the water surface and their interactions with ultraviolet radiation: a pilot investigation." Measurement Science and Technology. 22 (6), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/22/6/065703
Solar UV radiation in schools: issues and risks for children and adolescents
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2011. "Solar UV radiation in schools: issues and risks for children and adolescents." Household and Personal Care Today. 4, pp. 10-12.
Solar ultraviolet radiation incident upon reef snorkelers determined by consideration of the partial immersion of dosimeters in the natural ocean environment
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio and Schouten, Peter. 2011. "Solar ultraviolet radiation incident upon reef snorkelers determined by consideration of the partial immersion of dosimeters in the natural ocean environment." Measurement Science and Technology. 22 (1), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/22/1/015801
Sunlight and ultraviolet radiation
Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter, Turnbull, David J., Turner, Joanna and Downs, Nathan. 2010. "Sunlight and ultraviolet radiation." Tuncer, A. Murat (ed.) Cancer report 2010. Ankara, Turkey. New Hope in Health Foundation.
Lawn bowls and solar ultraviolet radiation in Australia: exposures, risks and potential benefits for the production of vitamin D
Downs, Nathan, Turnbull, David, Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Lawn bowls and solar ultraviolet radiation in Australia: exposures, risks and potential benefits for the production of vitamin D." AHMR 2010: 5th Australian Health and Medical Research Congress. Melbourne, Australia 14 - 18 Nov 2010 Sydney, Australia.
Techniques for solar dosimetry in different environments
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J., Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Techniques for solar dosimetry in different environments." Gao, Wei, Schmoldt, Daniel L. and Slusser, James R. (ed.) UV radiation in global climate change: measurements, modeling and effects on ecosystems. Heidelberg, Germany. Springer. pp. 192-204
Sunlight and solar cells: teaching digital design and communication through the development of a simple monitoring station
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2010. "Sunlight and solar cells: teaching digital design and communication through the development of a simple monitoring station." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 56 (4), pp. 52-58.
Solar UV exposures measured simultaneously to all arbitrarily oriented leaves on a plant
Parisi, Alfio, Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Solar UV exposures measured simultaneously to all arbitrarily oriented leaves on a plant." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 99 (2), pp. 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.02.010
Sun exposure, shade and vitamin D: a practical activity for the Australian climate and curriculum
Turnbull, David, Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2010. "Sun exposure, shade and vitamin D: a practical activity for the Australian climate and curriculum." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 56 (3), pp. 43-45.
Extensions in pen ink dosimetry: ultraviolet calibration applications for primary and secondary schools
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Powell, Samantha, Brennan, Chris and Turner, Joanna. 2010. "Extensions in pen ink dosimetry: ultraviolet calibration applications for primary and secondary schools." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 56 (1), pp. 51-56.
Measuring ultraviolet radiation underwater: a practical application of the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law for high school physics
Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2009. "Measuring ultraviolet radiation underwater: a practical application of the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law for high school physics." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 55 (4), pp. 50-54.
Measurements of the anatomical distribution of erythemal ultraviolet: a study comparing exposure distribution to the site incidence of solar keratoses, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2009. "Measurements of the anatomical distribution of erythemal ultraviolet: a study comparing exposure distribution to the site incidence of solar keratoses, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 8 (8), pp. 1195-1201. https://doi.org/10.1039/b901741k
Ultraviolet exposures in different playground settings: a cohort study of measurements performed in a school population
Downs, Nathan J. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2009. "Ultraviolet exposures in different playground settings: a cohort study of measurements performed in a school population." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine. 25 (4), pp. 196-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00441.x
Solar UV exposures measured simultaneously to all arbitrarily oriented leaves on a plant
Parisi, A. V., Schouten, P., Downs, N. J. and Turner, J.. 2009. "Solar UV exposures measured simultaneously to all arbitrarily oriented leaves on a plant." MOCA 2009: Our Warming Planet. Montreal, Canada 19 - 29 Jul 2009 Montreal, Canada.
Measurements of the upper body ultraviolet exposure to golfers: non-melanoma skin cancer risk, and the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight
Downs, Nathan, Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Turner, Joanna. 2009. "Measurements of the upper body ultraviolet exposure to golfers: non-melanoma skin cancer risk, and the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine. 25 (6), pp. 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00472.x
Using the polyphenylene oxide dosimeter for extended underwater UV measurements
Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J. and Downs, Nathan. 2008. "Using the polyphenylene oxide dosimeter for extended underwater UV measurements." 18th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics. Adelaide, Australia 30 Nov - 05 Dec 2008 Parkville, Vic, Australia.
Modelling personal UV exposure in a school playground
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2008. "Modelling personal UV exposure in a school playground." 2008 Australian Health and Medical Research Congress. Brisbane, Australia 16 - 21 Nov 2008 Australia.
Techniques for solar dosimetry in different ecosystems
Parisi, Alfio, Turnbull, David J., Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan and Turner, Joanna. 2008. "Techniques for solar dosimetry in different ecosystems." 18th International Congress of Biometeorology (ICB2008). Tokyo 22 - 26 Sep 2008 Milwaukee, United States.
Influence of cloud and solar zenith angle on the diffuse solar erythemal UV short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths
Parisi, Alfio V., Turnbull, David J., de Byl, Chris, Schouten, Peter, Turner, Joanna and Downs, Nathan. 2009. "Influence of cloud and solar zenith angle on the diffuse solar erythemal UV short wavelength cut-offs and maximum spectral irradiance wavelengths." Radiation Protection in Australasia. 26 (1), pp. 2-9.
Pen ink as an ultraviolet dosimeter
Downs, Nathan, Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio and Spence, Jenny. 2008. "Pen ink as an ultraviolet dosimeter." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 54 (4), pp. 41-44.
Modelling ultraviolet exposures in a school environment
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Turner, Joanna and Turnbull, David. 2008. "Modelling ultraviolet exposures in a school environment." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 7 (6), pp. 700-710. https://doi.org/10.1039/b801685b
Erythemal ultraviolet and Vitamin D effective exposures received by amateur golfers
Schouten, Peter, Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio and Turner, Joanna. 2008. "Erythemal ultraviolet and Vitamin D effective exposures received by amateur golfers." 2008 Australian Health and Medical Research Congress. Brisbane, Australia 16 - 21 Nov 2008 Australia.
Modelling the erythemally effective UV to students in a school environment
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2008. "Modelling the erythemally effective UV to students in a school environment." 18th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics. Adelaide, Australia 30 Nov - 05 Dec 2008 Parkville, Vic, Australia.
Golfers and UV exposures: an application of miniaturised polysulphone dosimetry
Downs, Nathan, Schouten, Peter, Parisi, Alfio and Turner, Joanna. 2008. "Golfers and UV exposures: an application of miniaturised polysulphone dosimetry." 18th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics. Adelaide, Australia 30 Nov - 05 Dec 2008 Parkville, Vic, Australia.
Imaging the environmental ultraviolet
Downs, N. J. and Parisi, A. V.. 2008. "Imaging the environmental ultraviolet." Australian Physics. 45 (4), pp. 132-137.
Measurement variation and the factors influencing the UV index
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, McDonnell, Brendan and Thornton, Peter. 2008. "Measurement variation and the factors influencing the UV index." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association. 54 (2), pp. 8-13.
Patterns in surface distribution of human exposure to solar ultraviolet
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2007. "Patterns in surface distribution of human exposure to solar ultraviolet." Gröbner, Julian (ed.) Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos / World Radiation Center: A Conference Celebrating One Century of UV Radiation Research. Davos, Switzerland 18 - 20 Sep 2007 Davos, Switzerland.
Influence of summer daylight saving time on scattered erythemal solar ultraviolet exposures
Parisi, A. V., Turner, J., Turnbull, D. J., Schouten, P. and Downs, N.. 2008. "Influence of summer daylight saving time on scattered erythemal solar ultraviolet exposures." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 91 (1), pp. 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.01.010
Mapping of the solar ultraviolet exposures to the human face
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2006. "Mapping of the solar ultraviolet exposures to the human face." 31st Annual Conference Australasian Radiation Protection Society. Coogee, Australia 27 - 29 Nov 2006
Contoured exposure assessment of biologically effective solar ultraviolet radiation
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2007. "Contoured exposure assessment of biologically effective solar ultraviolet radiation." 32nd Annual Conference of the Australasian Radiation Protection Society (ARPS 2007). Brisbane, Australia 22 - 24 Oct 2007
Patterns in the received facial UV exposure of school children measured at a subtropical latitude
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2008. "Patterns in the received facial UV exposure of school children measured at a subtropical latitude." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 84 (1), pp. 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00203.x
Variations in the erythemal ultraviolet exposure to the human facial region
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio and Kimlin, Michael G.. 2001. "Variations in the erythemal ultraviolet exposure to the human facial region." 26th Annual Conference of the Australasian Radiation Protection Society. Gold Coast, Australia 18 - 20 Sep 2001
Comparing variations in the UV facial exposure received by school children in south-east Queensland
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2006. "Comparing variations in the UV facial exposure received by school children in south-east Queensland." 17th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics. Brisbane, Australia 03 - 08 Dec 2006 Parkville, Vic, Australia.
Three dimensional visualisation of human facial exposure to solar ultraviolet
Downs, Nathan and Parisi, Alfio. 2007. "Three dimensional visualisation of human facial exposure to solar ultraviolet." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 6 (1), pp. 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1039/b607553c
Modelling human facial UV exposure
Downs, Nathan J., Kimlin, Michael G., Parisi, Alfio V. and McGrath, John J.. 2001. "Modelling human facial UV exposure." Radiation Protection in Australasia. 17 (3), pp. 103-109.
Measured and modelled contributions to UV exposures by the albedo of surfaces in an urban environment
Parisi, Alfio, Sabburg, Jeff, Kimlin, Michael G. and Downs, Nathan. 2003. "Measured and modelled contributions to UV exposures by the albedo of surfaces in an urban environment." Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 76 (3-4), pp. 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-003-0012-9
Effect of clouds on the diffuse component of the solar terrestrial erythemal UV
Turnbull, David J., Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2006. "Effect of clouds on the diffuse component of the solar terrestrial erythemal UV." Radiation Protection in Australasia. 23 (1), pp. 2-9.
Cloud cover and horizontal plane eye damaging solar UV exposures
Parisi, A. V. and Downs, N.. 2004. "Cloud cover and horizontal plane eye damaging solar UV exposures." International Journal of Biometeorology: the description, causes, and implications of climatic change. 49, pp. 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-004-0213-7