Triathlon and the potential for solar ultraviolet exposure risk assessed during the swim, bicycle and running legs of competitive Australian Ironman events
Poster
Axelsen, Taryn, Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2018. "Triathlon and the potential for solar ultraviolet exposure risk assessed during the swim, bicycle and running legs of competitive Australian Ironman events." 4th International Conference on UV & Skin Cancer Prevention 2018. Toronto, Canada 01 - 04 May 2018
| Paper/Presentation Title | Triathlon and the potential for solar ultraviolet exposure risk assessed during the swim, bicycle and running legs of competitive Australian Ironman events |
|---|---|
| Presentation Type | Poster |
| Authors | Axelsen, Taryn (Author), Parisi, Alfio V. (Author) and Downs, Nathan J. (Author) |
| Number of Pages | 1 |
| Year | 2018 |
| Web Address (URL) of Paper | http://www.uvandskincancer2018.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Conference_program_final-1.pdf |
| Conference/Event | 4th International Conference on UV & Skin Cancer Prevention 2018 |
| Event Details | 4th International Conference on UV & Skin Cancer Prevention 2018 Event Date 01 to end of 04 May 2018 Event Location Toronto, Canada |
| Abstract | Introduction: To date, no cumulative evidence has been collected on the solar ultraviolet exposure received by triathlon competitors assessing the cumulative and discrete exposure risks measured during the swim, bicycle and running legs of competitive Australian Ironman events. This sport has previously been highlighted as having potential for very high cumulative exposure given the extended requirement to be outdoors, often during peak UV exposure periods. Methods: Miniaturized polysulphone film dosimeters manufactured at the University of Southern Queensland were attached to the posterior of a swimming cap, vertex of a bicycle helmet, and vertex of a sports cap during the swim, bicycle and running legs of competitive triathlon events held in Australia during the summer and early autumn of 2017 and 2018. Dosimeters were calibrated to ambient seasonal conditions. Exposures are presented as absolute erythemally effective values [J m-2] and with respect to the available ambient UV. Results were also collected during separate swimming, bicycle and running training schedules of selected athletes. Results: Preliminary results indicate the initial swimming leg of competition resulted in the highest personal exposures, followed by the bicycle and running legs of triathlon events. Typical exposures ranged from between 20 to 50% of the available erythemally effective ambient. Conclusion: The swimming stage of competitive triathlon events resulted in very high cumulative erythemally effective exposure despite this stage often being the shortest in terms of event duration. A possible explanation for this may be due to reflected solar ultraviolet from ocean and river surfaces highlighting the need for triathletes to cover up using full length swim suits to minimize exposure risk. Variable exposures during the bicycle and running stages of triathlon events may be due to greater variation in surface albedo and cover from surrounding tree canopies and structures encountered along course routes. |
| Keywords | triathlon, ultraviolet, erythema, sport |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 420605. Preventative health care |
| Public Notes | Abstract published in conference programme. |
| Byline Affiliations | School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences |
| Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences | |
| Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
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A Jebar, Mustapha A., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna F.. 2018. "Evaluated UVA irradiances over a twelve year period at a sub-tropical site from ozone monitoring instrument data including the influence of cloud." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 94 (6), pp. 1281-1288. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12948Ultraviolet radiation albedo and reflectance in review: the influence to ultraviolet exposure in occupational settings
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "Ultraviolet radiation albedo and reflectance in review: the influence to ultraviolet exposure in occupational settings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (7), pp. 1507-1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071507Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System integrated with solar zenith angle for forecasting sub-tropical photosynthetically active radiation
Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J., Adamowski, Jan F. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System integrated with solar zenith angle for forecasting sub-tropical photosynthetically active radiation." Food and Energy Security. 8 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.151Cotton yield prediction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based simulation model integrated with genetic programing algorithm: a new hybrid copula-driven approach
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2018. "Cotton yield prediction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based simulation model integrated with genetic programing algorithm: a new hybrid copula-driven approach." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 263, pp. 428-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.09.002Multi-stage committee based extreme learning machine model incorporating the influence of climate parameters and seasonality on drought forecasting
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2018. "Multi-stage committee based extreme learning machine model incorporating the influence of climate parameters and seasonality on drought forecasting." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 152, pp. 149-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.07.013Multi-stage hybridized online sequential extreme learning machine integrated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo copula-Bat algorithm for rainfall forecasting
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2018. "Multi-stage hybridized online sequential extreme learning machine integrated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo copula-Bat algorithm for rainfall forecasting." Atmospheric Research. 213, pp. 450-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.07.005The geospatial relationship of pterygium and senile cataract to ambient solar ultraviolet in tropical Ecuador
Garzon-Chavez, Daniel R., Quentin, Emmanuelle, Harrison, Simone L., Parisi, Alfio V., Butler, Harry J. and Downs, Nathan J.. 2018. "The geospatial relationship of pterygium and senile cataract to ambient solar ultraviolet in tropical Ecuador." Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 17 (8), pp. 1075-1083. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8PP00023AReflecting on fraction addition: using the mirror formula to visualise unit fraction addition
Igoe, Damien, Boucher, Nicholas, Clark, Iain, Parisi, Alfio and Downs, Nathan. 2018. "Reflecting on fraction addition: using the mirror formula to visualise unit fraction addition." Australian Mathematics Teacher. 74 (2), pp. 3-9.Optimization of windspeed prediction using an artificial neural network compared with a genetic programming model
Deo, Ravinesh C., Ghimire, Sujan, Downs, Nathan J. and Raj, Nawin. 2018. "Optimization of windspeed prediction using an artificial neural network compared with a genetic programming model." Kim, Dookie, Roy, Sanjiban Sekhar, Lansivaara, Tim, Deo, Ravinesh C. and Samui, Pijush (ed.) Handbook of research on predictive modeling and optimization methods in science and engineering. Hershey, United States. IGI Global. pp. 328-359Pushing the boundaries of smartphone image sensors by measuring the total ozone column
Igoe, Damien and Parisi, Alfio. 2018. "Pushing the boundaries of smartphone image sensors by measuring the total ozone column." AOS News. 32 (1), pp. 17-17.Investigation of correlation of broadband UVA reflection to broadband visible reflection for a variety of surfaces in the built environment
Turner, Joanna and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "Investigation of correlation of broadband UVA reflection to broadband visible reflection for a variety of surfaces in the built environment." Building and Environment. 136, pp. 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.062The inverse relationship between the incidence of solar induced eye disease and reported skin cancer rates at high elevation in the tropical Andes, Ecuador, South America
Downs, Nathan J., Garzon Chavez, Daniel R., Quentin, Emmanuelle, Harrison, Simone L., Parisi, Alfio V. and Butler, Harry. 2018. "The inverse relationship between the incidence of solar induced eye disease and reported skin cancer rates at high elevation in the tropical Andes, Ecuador, South America." 4th International Conference on UV & Skin Cancer Prevention 2018. Toronto, Canada 01 - 04 May 2018 Canada.The Garment Protection Factor (GPF): an index for sun-protective clothing that combines garment coverage and UVR transmittance
Harrison, Simone L., Downs, Nathan J., Rawlings, Alex T. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "The Garment Protection Factor (GPF): an index for sun-protective clothing that combines garment coverage and UVR transmittance." 4th International Conference on UV & Skin Cancer Prevention 2018. Toronto, Canada 01 - 04 May 2018 Canada.Face-to-face and virtual mathematics enrichment for rural schools: intersection of teachers, students, technology and pedagogy
Galligan, Linda, Addie, Ron, Axelsen, Taryn and Stern, Linda. 2017. "Face-to-face and virtual mathematics enrichment for rural schools: intersection of teachers, students, technology and pedagogy." Partridge, H., Davis, K. and Thomas, J. (ed.) 34th International Conference on Innovation, Practice and Research in the Use of Educational Technologies in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE 2017). Toowoomba, Australia 04 - 06 Dec 2017 Tugun, Australia.The modelling process and pre-service teacher confidence
Axelsen, Taryn, Galligan, Linda and Woolcott, Geoff. 2017. "The modelling process and pre-service teacher confidence." 40th Annual Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (MERGA40). Melbourne, Australia 02 - 06 Jul 2017 Melbourne, Australia.Self-adaptive differential evolutionary extreme learning machines for long-term solar radiation prediction with remotely-sensed MODIS satellite and Reanalysis atmospheric products in solar-rich cities
Ghimire, Sujan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Raj, Nawin. 2018. "Self-adaptive differential evolutionary extreme learning machines for long-term solar radiation prediction with remotely-sensed MODIS satellite and Reanalysis atmospheric products in solar-rich cities." Remote Sensing of Environment: an interdisciplinary journal. 212, pp. 176-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.003An ensemble-ANFIS based uncertainty assessment model for forecasting multi-scalar standardized precipitation index
Ali, Mumtaz, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Maraseni, Tek. 2018. "An ensemble-ANFIS based uncertainty assessment model for forecasting multi-scalar standardized precipitation index." Atmospheric Research. 207, pp. 155-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.02.024Comparative signal to noise ratio as a determinant to select smartphone image sensor colour channels for analysis in the UVB
Igoe, D. P., Parisi, A. V., Downs, N. J., Amar, A. and Turner, J.. 2018. "Comparative signal to noise ratio as a determinant to select smartphone image sensor colour channels for analysis in the UVB." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 272, pp. 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.01.057Atmospheric total ozone column evaluation with a smartphone image sensor
Igoe, Damien P., Parisi, Alfio V., Amar, Abdurazaq, Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna. 2018. "Atmospheric total ozone column evaluation with a smartphone image sensor." International Journal of Remote Sensing. 39 (9), pp. 2766-2783. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1433895Smartphone spectrometers
McGonigle, Andrew J. S., Wilkes, Thomas C., Pering, Tom D., Willmott, Jon R., Cook, Joseph M., Mims III, Forrest M. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2018. "Smartphone spectrometers." Sensors. 18 (1), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010223A comprehensive approach to evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing
Downs, N. J. and Harrison, S. L.. 2018. "A comprehensive approach to evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing." British Journal of Dermatology. 178 (4), pp. 958-964. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15938An Inexpensive High-Temporal Resolution Electronic Sun Journal for Monitoring Personal Day to Day Sun Exposure Patterns
Downs, Nathan J., Parisi, Alfio V., Butler, Harry, Rawlings, Alex and Elrahoumi, Raja Salem. 2017. "An Inexpensive High-Temporal Resolution Electronic Sun Journal for Monitoring Personal Day to Day Sun Exposure Patterns." Frontiers in Public Health. 5, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00310Long-term UV dosimeter based on polyvinyl chloride for plant damage effective UV exposure measurements
Parisi, Alfio V., Amar, Abdurazaq and Igoe, Damien P.. 2017. "Long-term UV dosimeter based on polyvinyl chloride for plant damage effective UV exposure measurements." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 243, pp. 68-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.05.012Detection of ultraviolet B radiation with internal smartphone sensors
Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio V., Igoe, Damien P. and Amar, Abdurazaq. 2017. "Detection of ultraviolet B radiation with internal smartphone sensors." Instrumentation Science and Technology. 45 (6), pp. 618-638. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2017.1298042Characterisation of a smartphone image sensor response to direct solar 305 nm irradiation at high air masses
Igoe, D. P., Amar, A., Parisi, A. V. and Turner, J.. 2017. "Characterisation of a smartphone image sensor response to direct solar 305 nm irradiation at high air masses." Science of the Total Environment. 587-588, pp. 407-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.175Very short-term reactive forecasting of the solar ultraviolet index using an extreme learning machine integrated with the solar zenith angle
Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio V., Adamowski, Jan F. and Quilty, John M.. 2017. "Very short-term reactive forecasting of the solar ultraviolet index using an extreme learning machine integrated with the solar zenith angle." Environmental Research. 155, pp. 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.035Validation of ozone monitoring instrument UV satellite data using spectral and broadband surface based measurements at a Queensland site
A Jebar, Mustapha A., Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan J. and Turner, Joanna F.. 2017. "Validation of ozone monitoring instrument UV satellite data using spectral and broadband surface based measurements at a Queensland site." Photochemistry and Photobiology. 93 (5), pp. 1289-1293. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12784Solar ultraviolet and the occupational radiant exposure of Queensland school teachers: a comparative study between teaching classifications and behavior patterns
Downs, Nathan J., Harrison, Simone L., Garzon Chavez, Daniel R. and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2016. "Solar ultraviolet and the occupational radiant exposure of Queensland school teachers: a comparative study between teaching classifications and behavior patterns." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 158, pp. 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.018Dual calibrated dosimeter for simultaneous measurements of erythemal and vitamin D effective solar ultraviolet radiation
Wainwright, L., Parisi, A. V. and Downs, N.. 2016. "Dual calibrated dosimeter for simultaneous measurements of erythemal and vitamin D effective solar ultraviolet radiation." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 157, pp. 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.003Final report on sun tanning units in Queensland
Parisi, Alfio. 2000. Final report on sun tanning units in Queensland. Australia. Queensland Health.Concurrent evaluation of personal damaging and beneficial UV exposures over an extended period
Wainwright, L. K., Parisi, A. V. and Downs, N. J.. 2017. "Concurrent evaluation of personal damaging and beneficial UV exposures over an extended period." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 170, pp. 188-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.013Investigation of unstabilized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for use as a long-term UV dosimeter: preliminary results
Amar, Abdurazaq and Parisi, Alfio V.. 2012. "Investigation of unstabilized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for use as a long-term UV dosimeter: preliminary results." 37th Annual Conference of the Australasian Radiation Protection Society (ARPS 2012): Radiation Safety: Bridging the Gap. Sydney, Australia 14 - 17 Oct 2012 Hobart, Australia.Comparison of GOME-2 UVA satellite data to ground-based spectroradiometer measurements at a subtropical site
Parisi, Alfio V., Downs, Nathan, Turner, Joanna and King, Rachel. 2017. "Comparison of GOME-2 UVA satellite data to ground-based spectroradiometer measurements at a subtropical site." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 55 (6), pp. 3145-3149. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2662714Educating the younger generation (and the public) in UV effects with a simple experiment
Turner, Joanna, Parisi, Alfio V. and Downs, Nathan. 2013. "Educating the younger generation (and the public) in UV effects with a simple experiment." Byrne, Scott and Chen, Min (ed.) 6th Asia & Oceania Conference on Photobiology (AOCP 2013): Life on a Sun-Drenched Planet. Sydney, Australia 10 - 13 Nov 2013In-situ measurements of solar exposure distribution on a coral reef: preliminary findings relating to reef aspect, water turbidity and dosimeter design
Downs, N. J., Schouten, P. W. and Parisi, A. V.. 2016. "In-situ measurements of solar exposure distribution on a coral reef: preliminary findings relating to reef aspect, water turbidity and dosimeter design." 13th International Coral Reef Symposium. Honolulu, Hawaii 19 - 24 Jun 2016Solar ultraviolet attenuation during the Australian (Red Dawn) dust event of 23 September 2009
Downs, Nathan, Butler, Harry and Parisi, Alfio. 2016. "Solar ultraviolet attenuation during the Australian (Red Dawn) dust event of 23 September 2009." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 97 (11), pp. 2039-2050. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00053.1Characterization of cloud cover with a smartphone camera
Parisi, A. V., Downs, N., Igoe, D. and Turner, J.. 2016. "Characterization of cloud cover with a smartphone camera." Instrumentation Science and Technology. 44 (1), pp. 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2015.1055577Solar radiation and the UV index: an application of numerical integration, trigonometric functions, online education and the modelling process
Downs, Nathan, Parisi, Alfio, Galligan, Linda, Turner, Joanna, Amar, Abdurazaq, King, Rachel, Ultra, Filipina and Butler, Harry. 2016. "Solar radiation and the UV index: an application of numerical integration, trigonometric functions, online education and the modelling process." International Journal of Research in Education and Science. 2 (1), pp. 179-189.Characterisation of the corrosion of iron using a smartphone camera
Igoe, D. and Parisi, A. V.. 2016. "Characterisation of the corrosion of iron using a smartphone camera." Instrumentation Science and Technology. 44 (2), pp. 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2015.1082484Broadband direct UVA irradiance measurement for clear skies evaluated using a smartphone
Igoe, D. and Parisi, A. V.. 2015. "Broadband direct UVA irradiance measurement for clear skies evaluated using a smartphone." Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 167 (4), pp. 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu344Students as toolmakers: refining the results in the accuracy and precision of a trigonometric activity
Igoe, D. P., Parisi, A. V. and Wagner, S.. 2017. "Students as toolmakers: refining the results in the accuracy and precision of a trigonometric activity." International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. 48 (4), pp. 641-645. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2016.1256446