The Simulated Ocular and Whole-Body Distribution of Natural Sunlight to Kiteboarders: A High-Risk Case of UVR Exposure for Athletes Utilizing Water Surfaces in Sport
Article
Article Title | The Simulated Ocular and Whole-Body Distribution of Natural Sunlight to Kiteboarders: A High-Risk Case of UVR Exposure for Athletes Utilizing Water Surfaces in Sport |
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ERA Journal ID | 15283 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Downs, Nathan J. (Author), Parisi, Alfio V. (Author), Schouten, Peter W. (Author), Igoe, Damien P. (Author) and De Castro-Maqueda, Guillermo (Author) |
Journal Title | Photochemistry and Photobiology |
Journal Citation | 96 (4), pp. 926-935 |
Number of Pages | 36 |
Year | 2020 |
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons |
Place of Publication | United States |
ISSN | 0031-8655 |
1751-1097 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1111/PHP.13200 |
Web Address (URL) | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/php.13200 |
Abstract | Kiteboarding is an aquatic sporting discipline that has not yet been considered in the literature to date in terms of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) measurement. Kiteboarders need to look upward and are placed obliquely relative to the horizon when towed behind an overhead kite over a reflective water surface. This research defines the typical body surface orientation of a kiteboarder in motion through video vector analysis and demonstrates the potential risk to ocular and skin surface damage through practical measurement of solar UVR using a manikin model. Video analysis of 51 kiteboarders were made to construct skeletal wireframes showing the surface orientation of the leg, thigh, spine, humerus, lower arm and head of a typical kiteboarder. Solar UVR dosimeter measurements made using a manikin model demonstrate that the vertex and anterior surfaces of the knee, lower leg, and lower humerus received 89%, 90%, 80% and 63% of the available ambient UVR respectively for a typical kiteboarder who is tilted back more than 15o from vertical while in motion. Ocular (periorbital) exposures ranged from 56 to 68% of ambient. These new findings show that the anterior skin surfaces of kiteboarders and the eye are at elevated risk of solar UVR damage. |
Keywords | Kiteboarding; ultraviolet; skin cancer; sun-protection |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 420605. Preventative health care |
320225. Sports medicine | |
Public Notes | File reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher/author. |
Byline Affiliations | Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences |
University of Cádiz, Spain | |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q5855/the-simulated-ocular-and-whole-body-distribution-of-natural-sunlight-to-kiteboarders-a-high-risk-case-of-uvr-exposure-for-athletes-utilizing-water-surfaces-in-sport
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Downs-2019-P&P-Simulated-ocular-and-whole-body-distribution.pdf | ||
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