Novel analytical method for mix design and performance prediction of high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete

Article


Gunasekara, Chamila, Atzarakis, Peter, Lokuge, Weena, Law, David W. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2021. "Novel analytical method for mix design and performance prediction of high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete." Polymers. 13 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13060900
Article Title

Novel analytical method for mix design and performance
prediction of high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete

ERA Journal ID201391
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsGunasekara, Chamila (Author), Atzarakis, Peter (Author), Lokuge, Weena (Author), Law, David W. (Author) and Setunge, Sujeeva (Author)
Journal TitlePolymers
Journal Citation13 (6)
Article Number900
Number of Pages21
Year2021
PublisherMDPI AG
Place of PublicationBasel, Switzerland
ISSN2073-4360
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13060900
Web Address (URL)https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/6/900
Abstract

Despite extensive in‐depth research into high calcium fly ash geopolymer concretes and a number of proposed methods to calculate the mix proportions, no universally applicable method to determine the mix proportions has been developed. This paper uses an artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning toolbox in a MATLAB programming environment together with a Bayes-ian regularization algorithm, the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm and a scaled conjugate gradient algorithm to attain a specified target compressive strength at 28 days. The relationship between the four key parameters, namely water/solid ratio, alkaline activator/binder ratio, Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio and NaOH molarity, and the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete is determined. The geo-polymer concrete mix proportions based on the ANN algorithm model and contour plots developed were experimentally validated. Thus, the proposed method can be used to determine mix designs for high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete in the range 25–45 MPa at 28 days. In addition, the design equations developed using the statistical regression model provide an insight to predict tensile strength and elastic modulus for a given compressive strength.

Keywordshigh calcium fly ash; geopolymer concrete; artificial neural network; mix design; compressive strength; regression analysis
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401602. Composite and hybrid materials
400505. Construction materials
Public Notes

Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Byline AffiliationsRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
School of Civil Engineering and Surveying
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Muttashar, Majid, Karunasena, Warna, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "The effect of shear span-to-depth ratio on the failure mode and strength of pultruded GFRP beams." Joint Conference of the 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015). Nanjing, China 14 - 16 Dec 2015 China.
Testing and characterization of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) beams
Muttashar, Majid, Karunasena, Warna, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "Testing and characterization of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) beams." Joint Conference of the 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015). Nanjing, China 14 - 16 Dec 2015 China.
An overview on oil contaminated sand and its engineering applications
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan, Shiau, Jim and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "An overview on oil contaminated sand and its engineering applications." International Journal of GEOMATE. 10 (19), pp. 1615-1622.
Physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar containing fine sand contaminated with light crude oil
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "Physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar containing fine sand contaminated with light crude oil." Procedia Engineering. 145, pp. 250- 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.071
Effect of light hydrocarbons contamination on shear strength of fine sand
Abousnina, Rajab M., Shiau, Jim, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2014. "Effect of light hydrocarbons contamination on shear strength of fine sand." Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim (ed.) 4th International Conference on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment (GEOMATE 2014). Brisbane, Australia 19 - 21 Nov 2014 Mie, Japan.
Effects of light crude oil contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of fine sand
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan, Shiau, Jim and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "Effects of light crude oil contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of fine sand." Soil and Sediment Contamination: an international journal. 24 (8), pp. 833-845. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2015.1058338
Mechanical properties of mortar with oil contaminated sand
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "Mechanical properties of mortar with oil contaminated sand." 27th Biennial National Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia (Concrete 2015) in conjunction with the 69th RILEM Week: Construction Innovations, Research into Practice. Melbourne, Australia 30 Aug - 02 Sep 2015 Sydney, Australia.
Fault tree analysis method for deterioration of timber bridges using an Australian case study
Lokuge, Weena, Gamage, Nirdosha and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2016. "Fault tree analysis method for deterioration of timber bridges using an Australian case study." Built Environment Project and Asset Management. 6 (3), pp. 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-01-2016-0001
Framework to inspect floodways towards estimating damage
Wahalathantri, Buddhi L., Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, Warna and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2015. "Framework to inspect floodways towards estimating damage." Annual Conference of the Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council and Bushfire & Natural Hazards CRC (AFAC15): New Directions in Emergency Management. Adelaide, Australia 01 - 03 Sep 2015 Australia.
Use of geopolymer concrete in column applications
Lokuge, Weena, Sanjayan, Jay and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2015. "Use of geopolymer concrete in column applications." 27th Biennial National Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia (Concrete 2015) in conjunction with the 69th RILEM Week: Construction Innovations, Research into Practice. Melbourne, Australia 30 Aug - 02 Sep 2015 Australia.
Evaluation of case study concrete bridges in Victoria under effects of bushfire
Lokuge, Weena, Mohseni, Hessam, Setunge, Sujeeva and Simpson, Scott. 2015. "Evaluation of case study concrete bridges in Victoria under effects of bushfire." 5th International Conference on Building Resilience. Newcastle, Australia 15 - 17 Jul 2015 Newcastle, Australia.
Emergency service demand in Queensland during natural disasters
Wahalathantri, Buddhi, Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, Warna and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2015. "Emergency service demand in Queensland during natural disasters." 5th International Conference on Building Resilience. Newcastle, Australia 15 - 17 Jul 2015 Newcastle, Australia.
Influence of single and multiple skin-core debonding on free vibration characteristics of innovative GFRP sandwich panels
Jayatilake, Indunil, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "Influence of single and multiple skin-core debonding on free vibration characteristics of innovative GFRP sandwich panels." International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering. 9 (5), pp. 800-804.
Deriving damage indices for concrete girder bridges subjected to flood loading
Kalendher, F., Setunge, S., Mohseni, H. and Lokuge, W.. 2015. "Deriving damage indices for concrete girder bridges subjected to flood loading." 6th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (CSECM) 2015. Kandy, Sri Lanka 11 - 14 Dec 2015
Behaviour of hollow pultruded GFRP square beams with different shear span-to-depth ratios
Muttashar, Majid, Karunasena, Warna, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "Behaviour of hollow pultruded GFRP square beams with different shear span-to-depth ratios." Journal of Composite Materials. 50 (21), pp. 2925-2940. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315614993
Vulnerability of floodways under extreme flood events
Wahalathantri, Buddhi Lankananda, Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, Warna and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2015. "Vulnerability of floodways under extreme flood events." Natural Hazards Review. 17 (1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000194
Ductility enhancement of geopolymer concrete columns using FRP confinement
Lokuge, Weena and Karunasena, Warna. 2016. "Ductility enhancement of geopolymer concrete columns using FRP confinement." Journal of Composite Materials. 50 (14), pp. 1887-1896. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315597553
Vulnerability of road bridge infrastructure under extreme flood events
Setunge, Sujeeva, Lokuge, Weena, Mohseni, Hessam and Karunasena, Warna. 2014. "Vulnerability of road bridge infrastructure under extreme flood events." AFAC and Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC Conference 2014. Wellington, New Zealand 02 - 05 Sep 2014
Fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete with ambient curing for in-situ applications
Reed, Mark, Lokuge, Weena and Karunasena, Warna. 2014. "Fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete with ambient curing for in-situ applications." Journal of Materials Science. 49 (12), pp. 4297-4304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8125-3
Investigating the performance of floodway in an extreme flood event
Lokuge, Weena, Setunge, Sujeeva and Karunasena, Warna. 2014. "Investigating the performance of floodway in an extreme flood event." Li, Chun Qing, Setunge, Sujeeva and de Silva, Saman (ed.) 1st International Conference on Infrastructure Failures and Consequences (ICIFC 2014). Melbourne, Australia 16 - 20 Jul 2014 Melbourne, Australia.
Effect of strain rate on geopolymer concrete
Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, W. and Heemskerk, Colin. 2013. "Effect of strain rate on geopolymer concrete." Dao, Vinh and Dux, Peter (ed.) Concrete Institute of Australia's Biennial National Conference (Concrete 2013): Understanding Concrete. Gold Coast, Australia 16 - 18 Oct 2013 Sydney, Australia.
Flexural and axial behavior of pultruded GFRP hollow sections filled with low strength concrete
Muttashar, Majid, Manalo, Allan, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2014. "Flexural and axial behavior of pultruded GFRP hollow sections filled with low strength concrete." Australasian Composites Conference (CA 2014): Materials for a Lighter and Smarter World. Newcastle, Australia 07 - 09 Apr 2014 Melbourne, Australia.
Free vibration behaviour of fibre composite sandwich beams with debonds
Karunasena, W., Jayatilake, I. and Lokuge, W.. 2013. "Free vibration behaviour of fibre composite sandwich beams with debonds." Dissanayake, Ranjith and Jayasinghe, Thishan (ed.) 4th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management 2013 (ICSECM 2013). Kandy, Sri Lanka 13 - 15 Dec 2013 Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Structural evaluation of concrete expanded polystyrene sandwich panels for slab applications
Bajracharya, R. M., Lokuge, W. P., Karunasena, W., Lau, K. T. and Mosallam, A. S.. 2013. "Structural evaluation of concrete expanded polystyrene sandwich panels for slab applications." Samali, Bijan, Attard, Mario M. and Song, Chongmin (ed.) 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM22). Sydney, Australia 11 - 14 Dec 2012 London, United Kingdom.
A mathematical model for complete stress-strain curve prediction of permeable concrete
Hussin, M. K., Zhuge, Y., Bullen, F. and Lokuge, W. P.. 2013. "A mathematical model for complete stress-strain curve prediction of permeable concrete." Samali, Bijan, Attard, Mario M. and Song, Chongmin (ed.) 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM22). Sydney, Australia 11 - 14 Dec 2012 London, United Kingdom.
Dynamic behaviour of debonded GFRP composite beams
Jayatilake, Indunil, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2013. "Dynamic behaviour of debonded GFRP composite beams." Journal of Multifunctional Composites. 1 (2), pp. 113-122. https://doi.org/10.12783/issn.2168-4286/1.2/Jayatilake
Comparative assessment of polymer concrete with different types of resin
Lokuge, Weena and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2013. "Comparative assessment of polymer concrete with different types of resin." Dao, Vinh and Dux, Peter (ed.) Concrete Institute of Australia's Biennial National Conference (Concrete 2013): Understanding Concrete. Gold Coast, Australia 16 - 18 Oct 2013 Sydney, Australia.
Evaluating disaster resilience of bridge infrastructure when exposed to extreme natural events
Lokuge, Weena and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2013. "Evaluating disaster resilience of bridge infrastructure when exposed to extreme natural events." 3rd International Conference on Building Resilience: Individual, Institutional and Societal Coping Strategies to Address the Challenges Associated with Disaster Risk. Heritance Ahungalla, Sri Lanka 17 - 19 Sep 2013 Ahungalla, Sri Lanka.
Effect of fly ash on the behaviour of polymer concrete with different types of resin
Lokuge, Weena and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2013. "Effect of fly ash on the behaviour of polymer concrete with different types of resin." Materials and Design. 51, pp. 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.078
Geopolymer concrete with FRP confinement
Lokuge, W., Eberhard, D. and Karunasena, W.. 2012. "Geopolymer concrete with FRP confinement." Bai, Yu, Bandyopadhyay, Sri, Zhao, X. L., Singh, R. and Rizkalla, S. (ed.) 6th International Composites Conference (ACUN 6): Composites and Nanocomposites in Civil, Offshore and Mining Infrastructure. Melbourne, Australia 14 - 16 Nov 2012 Melbourne, Australia.
Engaging distance students through online tutorials
Devine, Jo and Lokuge, Weena. 2012. "Engaging distance students through online tutorials." Mann, Llewellyn and Daniel, Scott (ed.) 23rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2012). Melbourne, Australia 03 - 05 Dec 2012 Melbourne, Australia.
Investigation of some fundamental properties of permeable concrete
Hussin, Manal, Zhuge, Yan, Bullen, Frank and Lokuge, Weena. 2012. "Investigation of some fundamental properties of permeable concrete." International Conference on Emerging Materials and Mechanics Applications (ICEMMA 2012):. Hangzhou, China 05 - 06 Feb 2012 Zurich, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.487.869
Compressive strength characterization of polyester based fillers
Sirimanna, Chamila Sampath, Lokuge, Weena, Islam, Md Mainul and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2012. "Compressive strength characterization of polyester based fillers." Advanced Materials Research. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.410.32
Laboratory evaluation of the stress-strain relationship of permeable concrete
Hussin, Manal, Zhuge, Yan, Bullen, Frank and Lokuge, Weena. 2011. "Laboratory evaluation of the stress-strain relationship of permeable concrete." Advanced Materials Research. 243-24, pp. 3259-3262. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.243-249.3259
Stress-strain model for high strength concrete confined by FRP
Lokuge, W. P., Setunge, S. and Sanjayan, J. G.. 2011. "Stress-strain model for high strength concrete confined by FRP." Fragomeni, Sam, Venkatesan, Srikanth, Lam, Nelson T. K. and Setunge, Sujeeva (ed.) 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM 21). Melbourne, Australia 07 - 10 Dec 2010 Leiden, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10571-85
Influence of fly ash proportions on properties of polymer concrete with polyester resin
Lokuge, Weena, Aravinthan, Thiru, Sirimanna, Chamila Sampath and Islam, Mainul. 2011. "Influence of fly ash proportions on properties of polymer concrete with polyester resin." 25th Biennial Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia (Concrete 2011): Building a Sustainable Future. Perth, Australia 12 - 14 Oct 2011 Sydney, Australia.
Effects of fibres on geopolymer concrete
Lokuge, Weena. 2012. "Effects of fibres on geopolymer concrete." 2012 Southern Regional Engineering Conference (SREC 2012). Toowoomba, Australia 01 Sep 2012 Canberra, Australia.
Modelling eccentrically loaded high-strength concrete columns
Lokuge, Weena, Setunge, Sujeeva and Sanjayan, J. G.. 2003. "Modelling eccentrically loaded high-strength concrete columns." Magazine of Concrete Research. 55 (4), pp. 331-341.
Triaxial test results of high-strength concrete subjected to cyclic loading
Lokuge, Weena, Sanjayan, J. G. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2003. "Triaxial test results of high-strength concrete subjected to cyclic loading." Magazine of Concrete Research. 55 (4), pp. 321-329.
Constitutive model for confined high strength concretes subjected to cyclic loading
Lokuge, Weena, Sanjayan, J. G. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2004. "Constitutive model for confined high strength concretes subjected to cyclic loading." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 16 (4), pp. 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1061/~ASCE!0899-1561~2004!16:4~297!
Stress-strain model for laterally confined concrete
Lokuge, Weena P., Sanjayan, J. G. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2005. "Stress-strain model for laterally confined concrete." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 17 (6), pp. 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1061/ASCE0899-1561200517:6607