Design of Alkali-Activated Slag-Fly Ash Concrete Mixtures Using Machine Learning

Article

Gunasekara, C., Lokuge, W., Keskic, M., Raj, N., Law, D. W. and Setunge, S.. 2020. "Design of Alkali-Activated Slag-Fly Ash Concrete Mixtures Using Machine Learning." ACI Materials Journal. 117 (5), pp. 263-278. https://doi.org/10.14359/51727019
Article Title

Design of Alkali-Activated Slag-Fly Ash Concrete Mixtures
Using Machine Learning

ERA Journal ID4858
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsGunasekara, C. (Author), Lokuge, W. (Author), Keskic, M. (Author), Raj, N. (Author), Law, D. W. (Author) and Setunge, S. (Author)
Journal TitleACI Materials Journal
Journal Citation117 (5), pp. 263-278
Number of Pages17
Year2020
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0889-325X
1944-737X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.14359/51727019
Web Address (URL)https://www.concrete.org/publications/internationalconcreteabstractsportal.aspx?m=details&ID=51727019
Abstract

So far, the alkali activated concrete has primarily focused on the effect of source material properties and ratio of mix proportions on the compressive strength development. A little research has focused on developing a standard mix design procedure for alkali activated concrete for a range of compressive strength grades. This study developed a standard mix design procedure for alkali activated slag‒fly ash (low calcium, class F) blended concrete using two machine learning techniques, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS). The algorithm for the predictive model for concrete mix design was developed using MATLAB programming environment by considering the five key input parameters; water/solid ratio, alkaline activator/binder ratio, Na-Silicate /NaOH ratio, fly ash/slag ratio and NaOH molarity. The targeted compressive strengths ranging from 25–45 MPa (3.63–6.53 ksi) at 28 days were achieved with laboratory testing, using the proposed machine learning mix design procedure. Thus, this tool has the capability to provide a novel approach for the design of slag-fly ash blended alkali activated concrete grades matching to the requirements of in-situ field constructions.

KeywordsAlkali Activated Concrete; Artificial Neural Networks; Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline model; Mix design; Compressive strength
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020400510. Structural engineering
401602. Composite and hybrid materials
400505. Construction materials
Byline AffiliationsRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
School of Civil Engineering and Surveying
School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Ahmed, A. A. Masrur, Deo, Ravinesh C., Feng, Qi, Ghahramani, Afshin, Raj, Nawin, Yin, Zhenliang and Yang, Linshan. 2021. "Deep learning hybrid model with Boruta-Random forest optimiser algorithm for streamflow forecasting with climate mode indices, rainfall, and periodicity." Journal of Hydrology. 599, pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126350
An EEMD-BiLSTM algorithm integrated with Boruta random forest optimiser for significant wave height forecasting along coastal areas of Queensland, Australia
Raj, Nawin and Brown, Jason. 2021. "An EEMD-BiLSTM algorithm integrated with Boruta random forest optimiser for significant wave height forecasting along coastal areas of Queensland, Australia." Remote Sensing. 13 (8), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081456
Novel analytical method for mix design and performance prediction of high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete
Gunasekara, Chamila, Atzarakis, Peter, Lokuge, Weena, Law, David W. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2021. "Novel analytical method for mix design and performance prediction of high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete." Polymers. 13 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13060900
Performance of timber girders with end-notch: Experimental and numerical investigation
Navaratnam, Satheeskumar, Herath, Nilupa, Lokuge, Weena, Thamboo, Julian and Poologanathan, Keerthan. 2021. "Performance of timber girders with end-notch: Experimental and numerical investigation." Structures. 29, pp. 730-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.11.075
Characteristics, strength development and microstructure of cement mortar containing oil-contaminated sand
Abousnina, Rajab, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Lokuge, Weena, Benabed, Benchaa and Al-Jabri, Khalifa Saif. 2020. "Characteristics, strength development and microstructure of cement mortar containing oil-contaminated sand." Construction and Building Materials. 252, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119155
Deep Air Quality Forecasts: Suspended Particulate Matter Modeling With Convolutional Neural and Long Short-Term Memory Networks
Sharma, Ekta, Deo, Ravinesh C., Prasad, Ramendra, Parisi, Alfio and Raj, Nawin. 2020. "Deep Air Quality Forecasts: Suspended Particulate Matter Modeling With Convolutional Neural and Long Short-Term Memory Networks." IEEE Access. 8, pp. 209503-209516. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3039002
Development of Flood Monitoring Index for daily flood risk evaluation: case studies in Fiji
Moishin, Mohammed, Deo, Ravinesh C., Prasad, Ramendra, Raj, Nawin and Abdulla, Shahab. 2021. "Development of Flood Monitoring Index for daily flood risk evaluation: case studies in Fiji." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 35 (7), pp. 1387-1402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01899-6
Performance of Bridges with Damaged Elements in Extreme Flood Events
Lokuge, W., Fraser, C. and Karunasena, W.. 2020. "Performance of Bridges with Damaged Elements in Extreme Flood Events." Wang, Chien Ming, Ho, Johnny C.M. and Kitipornchai, Sritawat (ed.) 25th Australasian Conference on Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM25). Brisbane, Australia 04 - 07 Dec 2018 Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7603-0_40
Numerical Investigation on Hollow Pultruded Fibre Reinforced Polymer Tube Columns
Al-Saadi, A.U., Aravinthan, T. and Lokuge, W.. 2020. "Numerical Investigation on Hollow Pultruded Fibre Reinforced Polymer Tube Columns." Wang, Chien Ming, Ho, Johnny C.M. and Kitipornchai, Sritawat (ed.) 25th Australasian Conference on Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM25). Brisbane, Australia 04 - 07 Dec 2018 Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7603-0_45
Floodway Design Process Revisted
Greene, I., Lokuge, W. and Karunasena, W.. 2020. "Floodway Design Process Revisted." Wang, Chien Ming, Ho, Johnny C.M. and Kitipornchai, Sritawat (ed.) 25th Australasian Conference on Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM25). Brisbane, Australia 04 - 07 Dec 2018 Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7603-0_94
Flexural Behavior of Functionally Graded-Graphene Reinforced Composite Plates
Rasappagari, M.R.R., Karunasena, W. and Lokuge, W.. 2020. "Flexural Behavior of Functionally Graded-Graphene Reinforced Composite Plates." Wang, Chen Ming, Ho, Johnny C.M. and Kitipornchai, Sritawat (ed.) 25th Australasian Conference on Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM25). Brisbane, Australia 04 - 07 Dec 2018 Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7603-0_22
Rehabilitation of timber bridge piles using a wrapping system
Borzou, R. and Lokuge, W.. 2018. "Rehabilitation of timber bridge piles using a wrapping system." Powers, Nigel, Frangopol, Dan M., Al-Mahaidi, Riadh and Caprani, Colin (ed.) 9th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS 2018). Melbourne, Australia 09 - 13 Jul 2018 London, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315189390-281
Structural design of floodways under extreme flood loading
Greene, Isaac, Lokuge, Weena and Karunasena, Warna. 2020. "Structural design of floodways under extreme flood loading." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment. 11 (4), pp. 535-555. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-10-2019-0072
Near real-time global solar radiation forecasting at multiple time-step horizons using the long short-term memory network
Huynh, Anh Ngoc‐Lan, Deo, Ravinesh C., An-Vo, Duc-Anh, Ali, Mumtaz, Raj, Nawin and Abdulla, Shahab. 2020. "Near real-time global solar radiation forecasting at multiple time-step horizons using the long short-term memory network." Energies. 13 (14). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143517
Vulnerability assessment of bridges subjected to extreme cyclonic events
Pathiranage, Thilini and Lokuge, Weena. 2020. "Vulnerability assessment of bridges subjected to extreme cyclonic events." Natural Hazards. 102 (1), pp. 401-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03931-y
Flexural behaviour of concrete slabs reinforced with GFRP bars and hollow composite reinforcing systems
Al-Rubaye, Mohammed, Manalo, Allan, Alajarmeh, Omar, Ferdous, Wahid, Lokuge, Weena, Benmokrane, Brahim and Edoo, Azam. 2020. "Flexural behaviour of concrete slabs reinforced with GFRP bars and hollow composite reinforcing systems." Composite Structures. 236, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111836
Floodways and Flood-Related Experiences: A Survey of Industry Experts and Asset Owners
Greene, I., Lokuge, W. and Karunasena, K.. 2020. "Floodways and Flood-Related Experiences: A Survey of Industry Experts and Asset Owners." Engineering for Public Works. 19, pp. 69-75.
Wavelet-based 3-phase hybrid SVR model trained with satellite-derived predictors, particle swarm optimization and maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform for solar radiation prediction
Ghimire, Sujan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Raj, Nawin and Mi, Jianchun. 2019. "Wavelet-based 3-phase hybrid SVR model trained with satellite-derived predictors, particle swarm optimization and maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform for solar radiation prediction." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 113, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109247
Deep solar radiation forecasting with convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network algorithms
Ghimire, Sujan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Raj, Nawin and Mi, Jianchun. 2019. "Deep solar radiation forecasting with convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network algorithms." Applied Energy. 253, pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113541
Effects of fibre orientation and layup on the mechanical properties of the pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer tubes
Al-Saadi, Ali Umran, Aravinthan, Thiru and Lokuge, Weena. 2019. "Effects of fibre orientation and layup on the mechanical properties of the pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer tubes." Engineering Structures. 198, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109448
Modelling glass fibre-reinforced polymer reinforced geopolymer concrete columns
Dong, Minhao, Lokuge, Weena, Elchalakani, Mohamed and Karrech, Ali. 2019. "Modelling glass fibre-reinforced polymer reinforced geopolymer concrete columns." Structures. 20, pp. 813-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.06.018
Deep Learning Neural Networks Trained with MODIS Satellite-Derived Predictors for Long-Term Global Solar Radiation Prediction
Ghimire, Sujan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Raj, Nawin and Mi, Jianchun. 2019. "Deep Learning Neural Networks Trained with MODIS Satellite-Derived Predictors for Long-Term Global Solar Radiation Prediction." Energies. 12 (12), pp. 1-42. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122407
Global solar radiation prediction by ANN integrated with European Centre for medium range weather forecast fields in solar rich cities of Queensland Australia
Ghimire, Sujan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Raj, Nawin. 2019. "Global solar radiation prediction by ANN integrated with European Centre for medium range weather forecast fields in solar rich cities of Queensland Australia." Journal of Cleaner Production. 216, pp. 288-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.158
Behaviour of geopolymer concrete filled pultruded GFRP short columns
Lokuge, Weena, Abousnina, Rajab and Herath, Nilupa. 2019. "Behaviour of geopolymer concrete filled pultruded GFRP short columns." Journal of Composite Materials. 53 (18), pp. 2555-2567. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998319833447
Predicting the probability of failure of timber bridges using fault tree analysis
Lokuge, Weena, Wilson, Matthew, Tran, Huu and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2019. "Predicting the probability of failure of timber bridges using fault tree analysis." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering: maintenance, management, life-cycle design and performance. 15 (6), pp. 783-797. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1569069
Quantitative assessment of flood discharges and floodway failures through cross-cultivation of advancement in knowledge and traditional practices
Wahalathantri, Buddhi, Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, Warna and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2018. "Quantitative assessment of flood discharges and floodway failures through cross-cultivation of advancement in knowledge and traditional practices." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment. 9 (4-5), pp. 435-456. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-09-2017-0051
Role of structural analysis in floodway design process
Lokuge, Weena, Greene, Isaac, Etemadi, Elahe and Karunasena, Warna. 2019. "Role of structural analysis in floodway design process ." Australian Journal of Civil Engineering. 17 (2), pp. 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2019.1653246
Flexural behavior of glued GFRP tubes filled with concrete
Muttashar, Majid, Manalo, Allan, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2017. "Flexural behavior of glued GFRP tubes filled with concrete." 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures (APFIS2017). Singapore 19 - 21 Jul 2017 Singapore.
Properties and structural behavior of concrete containing fine sand contaminated with light crude oil
Abousnina, Rajab, Manalo, Allan, Lokuge, Weena and Al-Jabri, Khalifa. 2018. "Properties and structural behavior of concrete containing fine sand contaminated with light crude oil." Construction and Building Materials. 189, pp. 1214-1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.089
Structural applications of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite tubes: a review of columns members
Al-Saadi, Ali Umran, Aravinthan, Thiru and Lokuge, Weena. 2018. "Structural applications of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite tubes: a review of columns members." Composite Structures. 204, pp. 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.109
Optimization of windspeed prediction using an artificial neural network compared with a genetic programming model
Deo, Ravinesh C., Ghimire, Sujan, Downs, Nathan J. and Raj, Nawin. 2018. "Optimization of windspeed prediction using an artificial neural network compared with a genetic programming model." Kim, Dookie, Roy, Sanjiban Sekhar, Lansivaara, Tim, Deo, Ravinesh C. and Samui, Pijush (ed.) Handbook of research on predictive modeling and optimization methods in science and engineering. Hershey, United States. IGI Global. pp. 328-359
Free vibration of functionally graded-GPL reinforced composite plates with different boundary conditions
Reddy, R. Muni Rami, Karunasena, W. and Lokuge, W.. 2018. "Free vibration of functionally graded-GPL reinforced composite plates with different boundary conditions." Aerospace Science and Technology. 78, pp. 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.04.019
Input selection and data-driven model performance optimization to predict the Standardized Precipitation and Evaporation Index in a drought-prone region
Mouatadid, Soukayna, Raj, Nawin, Deo, Ravinesh C. and Adamowski, Jan F.. 2018. "Input selection and data-driven model performance optimization to predict the Standardized Precipitation and Evaporation Index in a drought-prone region." Atmospheric Research. 212, pp. 130-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.05.012
Predicting the remaining life of timber bridges
Abbott, T., Gamage, N., Setunge, S. and Lokuge, W.. 2017. "Predicting the remaining life of timber bridges." 12th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management & 13th International Conference on Vibration Engineering and Technology of Machinery. Brisbane, Australia 02 - 04 Aug 2017
Behavior of pultruded multi-celled GFRP hollow beams with low-strength concrete infill
Muttashar, M., Karunasena, W., Manalo, A. and Lokuge, W.. 2017. "Behavior of pultruded multi-celled GFRP hollow beams with low-strength concrete infill." Hao, Hong and Zhang, Chunwei (ed.) 24th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM24). Perth, Australia 06 - 09 Dec 2016 London, United Kingdom.
Self-adaptive differential evolutionary extreme learning machines for long-term solar radiation prediction with remotely-sensed MODIS satellite and Reanalysis atmospheric products in solar-rich cities
Ghimire, Sujan, Deo, Ravinesh C., Downs, Nathan J. and Raj, Nawin. 2018. "Self-adaptive differential evolutionary extreme learning machines for long-term solar radiation prediction with remotely-sensed MODIS satellite and Reanalysis atmospheric products in solar-rich cities." Remote Sensing of Environment: an interdisciplinary journal. 212, pp. 176-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.003
Adiabatic decay of internal solitons due to Earth’s rotation within the framework of the Gardner–Ostrovsky equation
Obregon, Maria, Raj, Nawin and Stepanyants, Yury. 2018. "Adiabatic decay of internal solitons due to Earth’s rotation within the framework of the Gardner–Ostrovsky equation." Chaos: an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science. 28 (3), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021864
Effects of light crude oil contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of geopolymer cement mortar
Abousnina, Rajab, Manalo, Allan, Lokuge, Weena and Zhang, Zuhua. 2018. "Effects of light crude oil contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of geopolymer cement mortar." Cement and Concrete Composites. 90, pp. 136-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.04.001
Flexural behaviour of multi-celled GFRP composite beams with concrete infill: experiment and theoretical analysis
Muttashar, Majid, Manalo, Allan, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2017. "Flexural behaviour of multi-celled GFRP composite beams with concrete infill: experiment and theoretical analysis." Composite Structures. 159, pp. 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.09.049
Mechanical properties of polymer concrete with different types of resin
Lokuge, W. P. and Aravinthan, T.. 2013. "Mechanical properties of polymer concrete with different types of resin." Samali, Bijan, Attard, Mario M. and Song, Chongmin (ed.) 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM22). Sydney, Australia 11 - 14 Dec 2012 London, United Kingdom.
Design of fly ash geopolymer concrete mix proportions using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline model
Lokuge, Weena, Wilson, Aaron, Gunasekara, Chamila, Law, David W. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2018. "Design of fly ash geopolymer concrete mix proportions using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline model." Construction and Building Materials. 166, pp. 472-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.175
Greenhouse gas emissions during timber and concrete building construction - a scenario based comparative case study
Sandanayake, Malindu, Lokuge, Weena, Zhang, Guomin, Setunge, Sujeeva and Thushar, Quddus. 2017. "Greenhouse gas emissions during timber and concrete building construction - a scenario based comparative case study." Sustainable Cities and Society. 38, pp. 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.12.017
Finite element based dynamic analysis of multilayer fibre composite sandwich plates with interlayer delaminations
Jayatilake, Indunil N., Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "Finite element based dynamic analysis of multilayer fibre composite sandwich plates with interlayer delaminations." Advances in Aircraft and Spacecraft Science. 3 (1), pp. 15-28. https://doi.org/10.12989/aas.2016.3.1.015
Influence of infill concrete strength on the flexural behaviour of pultruded GFRP square beams
Muttashar, Majid, Manalo, Allan, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "Influence of infill concrete strength on the flexural behaviour of pultruded GFRP square beams." Composite Structures. 145, pp. 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.02.071
Predicting the failure of timber bridges by using current inspection reports
Lokuge, Weena, Wilson, Matthew, Tran, Huu and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2017. "Predicting the failure of timber bridges by using current inspection reports." Engineering for Public Works.
Oil contaminated sand: an emerging and sustainable construction material
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan, Lokuge, Weena and Shiau, Jim. 2015. "Oil contaminated sand: an emerging and sustainable construction material." 2015 International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction. Chicago, United States 10 - 13 May 2015 Netherlands. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.453
Analysis of flood impact on reinforced concrete(Pre-stressed) girder bridges – a case study
Kalendher, F., Setunge, S., Mohseni, H. and Lokuge, W.. 2016. "Analysis of flood impact on reinforced concrete(Pre-stressed) girder bridges – a case study." Bittencourt, Tulio Nogueira, Frangopol, Dan M. and Beck, Andre T. (ed.) 8th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS 2016). Foz Do Iguacu, Brazil 26 - 30 Jun 2016 Netherlands.
Effectiveness of formative online quizzes in learning and teaching a structural engineering course
Aravinthan, Thiru, Lokuge, Weena and Manalo, Allan. 2011. "Effectiveness of formative online quizzes in learning and teaching a structural engineering course." Al-Abdeli, Yasir M. and Lindsay, Euan (ed.) 22nd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2011). Fremantle, Australia 05 - 07 Dec 2011 Barton, ACT, Australia.
Dynamic analysis of multilayer GFRP sandwich slabs with interlayer delaminations
Jayatilake, Indunil N., Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2014. "Dynamic analysis of multilayer GFRP sandwich slabs with interlayer delaminations." Sabu, John and Das, Raj (ed.) 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics (ACAM 8). Melbourne, Australia 24 - 28 Nov 2014 Australia.
Dynamic behaviour of fibre composite multilayer sandwich plates with delaminations
Jayatilake, Indunil, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2014. "Dynamic behaviour of fibre composite multilayer sandwich plates with delaminations." Smith, Scott T. (ed.) 23rd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM23). Byron Bay, Australia 09 - 12 Dec 2014 Lismore, Australia.
Stress-strain behaviour of unconfined polymer concrete
Lokuge, Weena and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2014. "Stress-strain behaviour of unconfined polymer concrete." Smith, Scott (ed.) 23rd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM23). Byron Bay, Australia 09 - 12 Dec 2014 Byron Bay, Australia.
Geopolymer concrete with FRP confinement
Lembo, Kurt, Lokuge, Weena and Karunasena, Warna. 2014. "Geopolymer concrete with FRP confinement." Smith, Scott (ed.) 23rd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM23). Byron Bay, Australia 09 - 12 Dec 2014 Byron Bay, Australia.
Geopolymer concrete: the green alternative with suitable structural properties
Muttashar, Majid, Lokuge, Weena and Karunasena, Warna. 2014. "Geopolymer concrete: the green alternative with suitable structural properties." Smith, Scott T. (ed.) 23rd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM23). Byron Bay, Australia 09 - 12 Dec 2014 Lismore, Australia.
Experimental investigation on the flexural behaviour of pultruded GFRP beams filled with different concrete strengths
Muttashar, M., Manalo, A., Karunasena, W. and Lokuge, W.. 2016. "Experimental investigation on the flexural behaviour of pultruded GFRP beams filled with different concrete strengths." Teng, J. G. and Dai, J. G. (ed.) 8th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2016). Hong Kong, China 14 - 16 Dec 2016 China.
Failure mechanisms of bridge infrastructure in an extreme flood event
Lebbe, Mohamed Farook Kalendher, Lokuge, Weena, Setunge, Sujeeva and Zhang, Kevin. 2014. "Failure mechanisms of bridge infrastructure in an extreme flood event." Li, Chun Qing, Setunge, Sujeeva and De Silva, Saman (ed.) 1st International Conference on Infrastructure Failures and Consequences (ICIFC 2014). Melbourne, Australia 16 - 20 Jul 2014 Melbourne, Australia.
Adiabatic decay of internal solitons in a rotating ocean
Obregon, M. A., Raj, N. and Stepanyants, Y. A.. 2016. "Adiabatic decay of internal solitons in a rotating ocean." 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference (AFMC 2016). Perth, Australia 05 - 08 Dec 2016 Australia.
Effect of skin-core debonding on the dynamic behaviour of GFRP composite beams
Jayatilake, Indunil, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2013. "Effect of skin-core debonding on the dynamic behaviour of GFRP composite beams." Epaarachchi, Jayantha A., Lau, Alan Kin-tak and Leng, Jinsong (ed.) 4th International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering (SMN 2013). Gold Coast, Australia 10 - 12 Jul 2013 United States. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2026751
The effect of shear span-to-depth ratio on the failure mode and strength of pultruded GFRP beams
Muttashar, Majid, Karunasena, Warna, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "The effect of shear span-to-depth ratio on the failure mode and strength of pultruded GFRP beams." Joint Conference of the 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015). Nanjing, China 14 - 16 Dec 2015 China.
Testing and characterization of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) beams
Muttashar, Majid, Karunasena, Warna, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "Testing and characterization of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) beams." Joint Conference of the 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015). Nanjing, China 14 - 16 Dec 2015 China.
An overview on oil contaminated sand and its engineering applications
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan, Shiau, Jim and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "An overview on oil contaminated sand and its engineering applications." International Journal of GEOMATE. 10 (19), pp. 1615-1622.
Physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar containing fine sand contaminated with light crude oil
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "Physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar containing fine sand contaminated with light crude oil." Procedia Engineering. 145, pp. 250- 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.071
Effect of light hydrocarbons contamination on shear strength of fine sand
Abousnina, Rajab M., Shiau, Jim, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2014. "Effect of light hydrocarbons contamination on shear strength of fine sand." Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim (ed.) 4th International Conference on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment (GEOMATE 2014). Brisbane, Australia 19 - 21 Nov 2014 Mie, Japan.
Effects of light crude oil contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of fine sand
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan, Shiau, Jim and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "Effects of light crude oil contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of fine sand." Soil and Sediment Contamination: an international journal. 24 (8), pp. 833-845. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2015.1058338
Mechanical properties of mortar with oil contaminated sand
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "Mechanical properties of mortar with oil contaminated sand." 27th Biennial National Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia (Concrete 2015) in conjunction with the 69th RILEM Week: Construction Innovations, Research into Practice. Melbourne, Australia 30 Aug - 02 Sep 2015 Sydney, Australia.
Fault tree analysis method for deterioration of timber bridges using an Australian case study
Lokuge, Weena, Gamage, Nirdosha and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2016. "Fault tree analysis method for deterioration of timber bridges using an Australian case study." Built Environment Project and Asset Management. 6 (3), pp. 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-01-2016-0001
Framework to inspect floodways towards estimating damage
Wahalathantri, Buddhi L., Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, Warna and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2015. "Framework to inspect floodways towards estimating damage." Annual Conference of the Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council and Bushfire & Natural Hazards CRC (AFAC15): New Directions in Emergency Management. Adelaide, Australia 01 - 03 Sep 2015 Australia.
Use of geopolymer concrete in column applications
Lokuge, Weena, Sanjayan, Jay and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2015. "Use of geopolymer concrete in column applications." 27th Biennial National Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia (Concrete 2015) in conjunction with the 69th RILEM Week: Construction Innovations, Research into Practice. Melbourne, Australia 30 Aug - 02 Sep 2015 Australia.
Evaluation of case study concrete bridges in Victoria under effects of bushfire
Lokuge, Weena, Mohseni, Hessam, Setunge, Sujeeva and Simpson, Scott. 2015. "Evaluation of case study concrete bridges in Victoria under effects of bushfire." 5th International Conference on Building Resilience. Newcastle, Australia 15 - 17 Jul 2015 Newcastle, Australia.
Emergency service demand in Queensland during natural disasters
Wahalathantri, Buddhi, Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, Warna and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2015. "Emergency service demand in Queensland during natural disasters." 5th International Conference on Building Resilience. Newcastle, Australia 15 - 17 Jul 2015 Newcastle, Australia.
Influence of single and multiple skin-core debonding on free vibration characteristics of innovative GFRP sandwich panels
Jayatilake, Indunil, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "Influence of single and multiple skin-core debonding on free vibration characteristics of innovative GFRP sandwich panels." International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering. 9 (5), pp. 800-804.
Deriving damage indices for concrete girder bridges subjected to flood loading
Kalendher, F., Setunge, S., Mohseni, H. and Lokuge, W.. 2015. "Deriving damage indices for concrete girder bridges subjected to flood loading." 6th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (CSECM) 2015. Kandy, Sri Lanka 11 - 14 Dec 2015
Behaviour of hollow pultruded GFRP square beams with different shear span-to-depth ratios
Muttashar, Majid, Karunasena, Warna, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "Behaviour of hollow pultruded GFRP square beams with different shear span-to-depth ratios." Journal of Composite Materials. 50 (21), pp. 2925-2940. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315614993
Vulnerability of floodways under extreme flood events
Wahalathantri, Buddhi Lankananda, Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, Warna and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2015. "Vulnerability of floodways under extreme flood events." Natural Hazards Review. 17 (1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000194
Ductility enhancement of geopolymer concrete columns using FRP confinement
Lokuge, Weena and Karunasena, Warna. 2016. "Ductility enhancement of geopolymer concrete columns using FRP confinement." Journal of Composite Materials. 50 (14), pp. 1887-1896. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315597553
Vulnerability of road bridge infrastructure under extreme flood events
Setunge, Sujeeva, Lokuge, Weena, Mohseni, Hessam and Karunasena, Warna. 2014. "Vulnerability of road bridge infrastructure under extreme flood events." AFAC and Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC Conference 2014. Wellington, New Zealand 02 - 05 Sep 2014
Nonlinear vector waves of a flexural mode in a chain model of atomic particles
Nikitenkova, S. P., Raj, N. and Stepanyants, Y. A.. 2015. "Nonlinear vector waves of a flexural mode in a chain model of atomic particles." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 20 (3), pp. 731-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.05.031
Fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete with ambient curing for in-situ applications
Reed, Mark, Lokuge, Weena and Karunasena, Warna. 2014. "Fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete with ambient curing for in-situ applications." Journal of Materials Science. 49 (12), pp. 4297-4304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8125-3
Investigating the performance of floodway in an extreme flood event
Lokuge, Weena, Setunge, Sujeeva and Karunasena, Warna. 2014. "Investigating the performance of floodway in an extreme flood event." Li, Chun Qing, Setunge, Sujeeva and de Silva, Saman (ed.) 1st International Conference on Infrastructure Failures and Consequences (ICIFC 2014). Melbourne, Australia 16 - 20 Jul 2014 Melbourne, Australia.
Effect of strain rate on geopolymer concrete
Lokuge, Weena, Karunasena, W. and Heemskerk, Colin. 2013. "Effect of strain rate on geopolymer concrete." Dao, Vinh and Dux, Peter (ed.) Concrete Institute of Australia's Biennial National Conference (Concrete 2013): Understanding Concrete. Gold Coast, Australia 16 - 18 Oct 2013 Sydney, Australia.
Flexural and axial behavior of pultruded GFRP hollow sections filled with low strength concrete
Muttashar, Majid, Manalo, Allan, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2014. "Flexural and axial behavior of pultruded GFRP hollow sections filled with low strength concrete." Australasian Composites Conference (CA 2014): Materials for a Lighter and Smarter World. Newcastle, Australia 07 - 09 Apr 2014 Melbourne, Australia.
Free vibration behaviour of fibre composite sandwich beams with debonds
Karunasena, W., Jayatilake, I. and Lokuge, W.. 2013. "Free vibration behaviour of fibre composite sandwich beams with debonds." Dissanayake, Ranjith and Jayasinghe, Thishan (ed.) 4th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management 2013 (ICSECM 2013). Kandy, Sri Lanka 13 - 15 Dec 2013 Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Structural evaluation of concrete expanded polystyrene sandwich panels for slab applications
Bajracharya, R. M., Lokuge, W. P., Karunasena, W., Lau, K. T. and Mosallam, A. S.. 2013. "Structural evaluation of concrete expanded polystyrene sandwich panels for slab applications." Samali, Bijan, Attard, Mario M. and Song, Chongmin (ed.) 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM22). Sydney, Australia 11 - 14 Dec 2012 London, United Kingdom.
A mathematical model for complete stress-strain curve prediction of permeable concrete
Hussin, M. K., Zhuge, Y., Bullen, F. and Lokuge, W. P.. 2013. "A mathematical model for complete stress-strain curve prediction of permeable concrete." Samali, Bijan, Attard, Mario M. and Song, Chongmin (ed.) 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM22). Sydney, Australia 11 - 14 Dec 2012 London, United Kingdom.
Dynamic behaviour of debonded GFRP composite beams
Jayatilake, Indunil, Karunasena, Warna and Lokuge, Weena. 2013. "Dynamic behaviour of debonded GFRP composite beams." Journal of Multifunctional Composites. 1 (2), pp. 113-122. https://doi.org/10.12783/issn.2168-4286/1.2/Jayatilake
Comparative assessment of polymer concrete with different types of resin
Lokuge, Weena and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2013. "Comparative assessment of polymer concrete with different types of resin." Dao, Vinh and Dux, Peter (ed.) Concrete Institute of Australia's Biennial National Conference (Concrete 2013): Understanding Concrete. Gold Coast, Australia 16 - 18 Oct 2013 Sydney, Australia.
Evaluating disaster resilience of bridge infrastructure when exposed to extreme natural events
Lokuge, Weena and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2013. "Evaluating disaster resilience of bridge infrastructure when exposed to extreme natural events." 3rd International Conference on Building Resilience: Individual, Institutional and Societal Coping Strategies to Address the Challenges Associated with Disaster Risk. Heritance Ahungalla, Sri Lanka 17 - 19 Sep 2013 Ahungalla, Sri Lanka.
Nonlinear spectra of shallow water waves
Giovanangeli, J. -P., Kharif, C., Raj, N. and Stepanyants, Y.. 2013. "Nonlinear spectra of shallow water waves." Oceans - San Diego, 2013. San Diego, United States 23 - 26 Sep 2013 United States. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2013.6741132
Effect of fly ash on the behaviour of polymer concrete with different types of resin
Lokuge, Weena and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2013. "Effect of fly ash on the behaviour of polymer concrete with different types of resin." Materials and Design. 51, pp. 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.078
Geopolymer concrete with FRP confinement
Lokuge, W., Eberhard, D. and Karunasena, W.. 2012. "Geopolymer concrete with FRP confinement." Bai, Yu, Bandyopadhyay, Sri, Zhao, X. L., Singh, R. and Rizkalla, S. (ed.) 6th International Composites Conference (ACUN 6): Composites and Nanocomposites in Civil, Offshore and Mining Infrastructure. Melbourne, Australia 14 - 16 Nov 2012 Melbourne, Australia.
Engaging distance students through online tutorials
Devine, Jo and Lokuge, Weena. 2012. "Engaging distance students through online tutorials." Mann, Llewellyn and Daniel, Scott (ed.) 23rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2012). Melbourne, Australia 03 - 05 Dec 2012 Melbourne, Australia.
Numerical study of nonlinear wave processes by means of discrete chain models
Obregon, M., Raj, N. and Stepanyants, Y.. 2012. "Numerical study of nonlinear wave processes by means of discrete chain models." Gu, Y. T. and Saha, Suvash C. (ed.) 4th International Conference on Computational Methods (ICCM 2012). Gold Coast, Australia 25 - 28 Nov 2012 Brisbane, Australia.
Investigation of some fundamental properties of permeable concrete
Hussin, Manal, Zhuge, Yan, Bullen, Frank and Lokuge, Weena. 2012. "Investigation of some fundamental properties of permeable concrete." International Conference on Emerging Materials and Mechanics Applications (ICEMMA 2012):. Hangzhou, China 05 - 06 Feb 2012 Zurich, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.487.869
Compressive strength characterization of polyester based fillers
Sirimanna, Chamila Sampath, Lokuge, Weena, Islam, Md Mainul and Aravinthan, Thiru. 2012. "Compressive strength characterization of polyester based fillers." Advanced Materials Research. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.410.32
Laboratory evaluation of the stress-strain relationship of permeable concrete
Hussin, Manal, Zhuge, Yan, Bullen, Frank and Lokuge, Weena. 2011. "Laboratory evaluation of the stress-strain relationship of permeable concrete." Advanced Materials Research. 243-24, pp. 3259-3262. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.243-249.3259
Stress-strain model for high strength concrete confined by FRP
Lokuge, W. P., Setunge, S. and Sanjayan, J. G.. 2011. "Stress-strain model for high strength concrete confined by FRP." Fragomeni, Sam, Venkatesan, Srikanth, Lam, Nelson T. K. and Setunge, Sujeeva (ed.) 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM 21). Melbourne, Australia 07 - 10 Dec 2010 Leiden, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10571-85
Influence of fly ash proportions on properties of polymer concrete with polyester resin
Lokuge, Weena, Aravinthan, Thiru, Sirimanna, Chamila Sampath and Islam, Mainul. 2011. "Influence of fly ash proportions on properties of polymer concrete with polyester resin." 25th Biennial Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia (Concrete 2011): Building a Sustainable Future. Perth, Australia 12 - 14 Oct 2011 Sydney, Australia.
Effects of fibres on geopolymer concrete
Lokuge, Weena. 2012. "Effects of fibres on geopolymer concrete." 2012 Southern Regional Engineering Conference (SREC 2012). Toowoomba, Australia 01 Sep 2012 Canberra, Australia.
Modelling eccentrically loaded high-strength concrete columns
Lokuge, Weena, Setunge, Sujeeva and Sanjayan, J. G.. 2003. "Modelling eccentrically loaded high-strength concrete columns." Magazine of Concrete Research. 55 (4), pp. 331-341.
Triaxial test results of high-strength concrete subjected to cyclic loading
Lokuge, Weena, Sanjayan, J. G. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2003. "Triaxial test results of high-strength concrete subjected to cyclic loading." Magazine of Concrete Research. 55 (4), pp. 321-329.
Constitutive model for confined high strength concretes subjected to cyclic loading
Lokuge, Weena, Sanjayan, J. G. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2004. "Constitutive model for confined high strength concretes subjected to cyclic loading." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 16 (4), pp. 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1061/~ASCE!0899-1561~2004!16:4~297!
Stress-strain model for laterally confined concrete
Lokuge, Weena P., Sanjayan, J. G. and Setunge, Sujeeva. 2005. "Stress-strain model for laterally confined concrete." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 17 (6), pp. 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1061/ASCE0899-1561200517:6607