Furan matrix and flax fibre as a sustainable renewable composite: mechanical and fire-resistant properties in comparison to phenol, epoxy and polyester
Article
Crossley, Richard, Schubel, Peter and Stevenson, Anthony. 2014. "Furan matrix and flax fibre as a sustainable renewable composite: mechanical and fire-resistant properties in comparison to phenol, epoxy and polyester." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 33 (1), pp. 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684413502108
| Article Title | Furan matrix and flax fibre as a sustainable renewable composite: mechanical and fire-resistant properties in comparison to phenol, epoxy and polyester |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 4945 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Crossley, Richard (Author), Schubel, Peter (Author) and Stevenson, Anthony (Author) |
| Journal Title | Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites |
| Journal Citation | 33 (1), pp. 58-68 |
| Number of Pages | 11 |
| Year | 2014 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Ltd |
| Place of Publication | United Kingdom |
| ISSN | 0731-6844 |
| 1530-7964 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684413502108 |
| Web Address (URL) | http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0731684413502108 |
| Abstract | Due to environmental and fossil fuel supply concerns, Polyfurfuryl alcohol or ‘furan’ resin has recently gained attention as a renewable alternative thermoset resin with reduced CO2 emissions in comparison to existing petrochemical based systems. When combined with natural flax fibres it offers the potential to produce a fully bio-derived sustainable composite with structural mechanical capabilities and fire resistant properties. In this study the mechanical properties of furan flax and E-glass fibre laminates are characterised and directly compared to polyester, epoxy and phenolic laminates produced using identical materials and methods. In addition the acidity and fire resistant properties are also compared. Furan resin E-glass laminates wereas found to have excellent mechanical properties, equal to existing resin systems; with excellent fire resistant properties equal to that of phenolic and far exceeding polyester and epoxy performance. However, both phenolic and furan flax laminates were found to give reduced mechanical performance in comparison to polyester and epoxy. This reduction in strength was attributed mostly to micro voids surrounding elementary flax fibres believed to be the result of post cured fibre shrinkage due to moisture uptake. |
| Keywords | biocomposite, impact behaviour, mechanical properties, resin transfer moulding |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 401602. Composite and hybrid materials |
| Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
| Byline Affiliations | University of Nottingham, United Kingdom |
| NetComposites, United Kingdom | |
| Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
Permalink -
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q3yqx/furan-matrix-and-flax-fibre-as-a-sustainable-renewable-composite-mechanical-and-fire-resistant-properties-in-comparison-to-phenol-epoxy-and-polyester
1560
total views9
total downloads3
views this month0
downloads this month
Export as
Related outputs
New prediction model for the screw pull-out strength of polymer composite railway sleepers
Yu, Peng, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Salih, Choman, Abousnina, Rajab, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2024. "New prediction model for the screw pull-out strength of polymer composite railway sleepers." Construction and Building Materials. 433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136720Effects of through-thickness dielectric sensor on carbon fibre epoxy cure monitoring
Hall, Molly, Zeng, Xuesen, Shelley, Tristan and Schubel, Peter. 2024. "Effects of through-thickness dielectric sensor on carbon fibre epoxy cure monitoring." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108168Stochastic modelling of out-of-autoclave epoxy composite cure cycles under uncertainty
Hall, Molly, Zeng, Xuesen, Shelley, Tristan and Schubel, Peter. 2024. "Stochastic modelling of out-of-autoclave epoxy composite cure cycles under uncertainty." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108110Formation of non-uniform fibre distribution and its effect on the flexural performance of pultruded GFRP box beams
Qi, Songming, Alajarmeh, Omar, Alhawamdeh, Mohammad, Shelley, Tristan, Schubel, Peter, Rendle-Short, Kendric and Zeng, Xuesen. 2024. "Formation of non-uniform fibre distribution and its effect on the flexural performance of pultruded GFRP box beams." Composite Structures. 327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117695Dielectric parameter independent curing analysis of out-of-autoclave carbon fibre/epoxy composites
Hall, Molly, Zeng, Xuesen, Shelley, Tristan and Schubel, Peter. 2023. "Dielectric parameter independent curing analysis of out-of-autoclave carbon fibre/epoxy composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107755Characterisation of Curing of Vinyl Ester Resin in an Industrial Pultrusion Process: Influence of Die Temperature
Chaparala, Sai Ajay Chandra, Alajarmeh, Omar, Shelley, Tristan, Zeng, Xuesen, Rendle-Short, Kendric, Voice, Dean and Schubel, Peter. 2023. "Characterisation of Curing of Vinyl Ester Resin in an Industrial Pultrusion Process: Influence of Die Temperature." Polymers. 15 (18). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183808Fatigue behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced pultruded composites with high volume fiber fraction
Alajarmeh, Omar, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Almasabha, Ghassan, Tarawneh, Ahmad, Awwad, Khaled Eayal, Safonov, Alexander, Zeng, Xuesen and Schubel, Peter. 2023. "Fatigue behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced pultruded composites with high volume fiber fraction." Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures. 46 (6), pp. 2034-2048. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.13979Formation of non-uniform fibre distributions in winding-pultrusion process and its effect on axial compressive properties of hollow GFRP profiles
Qi, Songming, Alajarmeh, Omar, Shelley, Tristan, Schubel, Peter, Rendle-Short, Kendric and Zeng, Xuesen. 2023. "Formation of non-uniform fibre distributions in winding-pultrusion process and its effect on axial compressive properties of hollow GFRP profiles ." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107659Fibre waviness characterisation and modelling by Filtered Canny Misalignment Analysis (FCMA)
Alajarmeh, Omar, Qi, Songming, Shelley, Tristan, Schubel, Peter, Rendle-Short, Kendric and Zeng, Xuesen. 2023. "Fibre waviness characterisation and modelling by Filtered Canny Misalignment Analysis (FCMA)." Composite Structures. 307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116666Design optimisation of hollow box pultruded FRP profiles using mixed integer constrained Genetic algorithm
Alhawamdeh, Mohammad, Alajarmeh, Omar, Aravinthan, Thiru, Shelley, Tristan, Schubel, Peter, Mohammed, Ali and Zeng, Xuesen. 2022. "Design optimisation of hollow box pultruded FRP profiles using mixed integer constrained Genetic algorithm." Composite Structures. 302, pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116247In situ Thermoset Cure Sensing: A Review of Correlation Methods
Hall, Molly, Zeng, Xuesen, Shelley, Tristan and Schubel, Peter. 2022. "In situ Thermoset Cure Sensing: A Review of Correlation Methods." Polymers. 14 (15), pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14152978Screw lateral restraint behaviour of timber and polymeric based railway sleepers
Yu, Peng, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Salih, Choman, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2022. "Screw lateral restraint behaviour of timber and polymeric based railway sleepers." Engineering Failure Analysis. 139, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106514Influence of post-processing on the compressive behaviour of full-scale pultruded FRP columns: Holes and inserts
Alajarmeh, Omar, Alhawamdeh, Mohammad, Shelley, Tristan, Mohammed, Ali, Nicol, Lachlan, Schubel, Peter and Zeng, Xuesen. 2022. "Influence of post-processing on the compressive behaviour of full-scale pultruded FRP columns: Holes and inserts." Engineering Structures. 266, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114547Novel Bending Test Method for Polymer Railway Sleeper Materials
Salih, Choman, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Abousnina, Rajab, Yu, Peng, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Novel Bending Test Method for Polymer Railway Sleeper Materials." Polymers. 13 (9), pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091359Behaviour of timber-alternative railway sleeper materials under five-point bending
Salih, Choman, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Yu, Peng, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2022. "Behaviour of timber-alternative railway sleeper materials under five-point bending." Construction and Building Materials. 316, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125882Behaviour of Polymer Filled Composites for Novel Polymer Railway Sleepers
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Salih, Choman, Yu, Peng, Abousnina, Rajab, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Behaviour of Polymer Filled Composites for Novel Polymer Railway Sleepers." Polymers. 13 (8), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081324Bending and Shear Behaviour of Waste Rubber Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes with External Flanges
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Alajarmeh, Omar S., Zhuge, Yan, Mohammed, Ali A., Bai, Yu, Aravinthan, Thiru and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Bending and Shear Behaviour of Waste Rubber Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes with External Flanges." Polymers. 13 (15), pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152500Effect of bending and compressive modulus of elasticity on the behaviour of timber-alternative railway sleepers supported by ballast
Salih, Choman, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Yu, Peng, Abousnina, Rajab, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Effect of bending and compressive modulus of elasticity on the behaviour of timber-alternative railway sleepers supported by ballast." Case Studies in Construction Materials. 15, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00597Investigation on the physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of epoxy polymer matrix with crumb rubber and short fibres for composite railway sleepers
Yu, Peng, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Abousnina, Rajab, Salih, Choman, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Investigation on the physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of epoxy polymer matrix with crumb rubber and short fibres for composite railway sleepers." Construction and Building Materials. 295, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123700Failure analysis and the effect of material properties on the screw pull-out behaviour of polymer composite sleeper materials
Yu, Peng, Manalo, Allan, Ferdous, Wahid, Salih, Choman, Abousnina, Rajab, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Failure analysis and the effect of material properties on the screw pull-out behaviour of polymer composite sleeper materials." Engineering Failure Analysis. 128, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105577Review on Local Buckling of Hollow Box FRP Profiles in Civil Structural Applications
Alhawamdeh, Mohammad, Alajarmeh, Omar, Aravinthan, Thiru, Shelley, Tristan, Schubel, Peter, Mohammed, Ali and Zeng, Xuesen. 2021. "Review on Local Buckling of Hollow Box FRP Profiles in Civil Structural Applications." Polymers. 13 (23), pp. 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234159Compression behavior of GFRP bars under elevated In-Service temperatures
Alajarmeh, Omar, Manalo, Allan, Benmokrane, Brahim, Schubel, Peter, Zeng, Xuesen, Ahmad, Afaq, Hassanli, Reza and Sorbello, Charles-Dean. 2022. "Compression behavior of GFRP bars under elevated In-Service temperatures." Construction and Building Materials. 314 (Part A). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125675Compressive behaviour of hollow box pultruded FRP columns with continuous-wound fibres
Alajarmeh, Omar, Zeng, Xuesen, Aravinthan, Thiru, Shelley, Tristan, Alhawamdeh, Mohammad, Mohammed, Ali, Nicol, Lachlan, Vedernikov, Alexander, Safonov, Alexander and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Compressive behaviour of hollow box pultruded FRP columns with continuous-wound fibres." Thin-Walled Structures. 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108300Modelling flexural performance of hollow pultruded FRP profiles
Alhawamdeh, Mohammad, Alajarmeh, Omar, Aravinthan, Thiru, Shelley, Tristan, Schubel, Peter, Mohammad, Ali and Zeng, Xuesen. 2021. "Modelling flexural performance of hollow pultruded FRP profiles." Composite Structures. 276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114553Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Siddique, Rafat, Mendis, Priyan, Zhuge, Yan, Wong, Hong S., Lokuge, Weena, Aravinthan, Thiru and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities." Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 173, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105745Modelling hollow pultruded FRP profiles under axial compression: Local buckling and progressive failure
Alhawamdeh, Mohammad, Alajarmeh, Omar, Aravinthan, Thiru, Shelley, Tristan, Schubel, Peter, Kemp, Michael and Zeng, Xuesen. 2021. "Modelling hollow pultruded FRP profiles under axial compression: Local buckling and progressive failure." Composite Structures. 262, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113650Tensile Fatigue Behavior of Polyester and Vinyl Ester Based GFRP Laminates—A Comparative Evaluation
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Yu, Peng, Salih, Choman, Abousnina, Rajab, Heyer, Tom and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Tensile Fatigue Behavior of Polyester and Vinyl Ester Based GFRP Laminates—A Comparative Evaluation." Polymers. 13 (3), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030386Behaviour of continuous fibre composite sandwich core under low-velocity impact
Zangana, Sartip, Epaarachchi, Jayantha, Ferdous, Wahid, Leng, Jinsong and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Behaviour of continuous fibre composite sandwich core under low-velocity impact." Thin-Walled Structures. 158, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.107157Self-healing polymers: Synthesis methods and applications
Reddy, Kakarla Raghava, El-Zein, Abbas, Airey, David W., Alonso-Marroquin, Fernando, Schubel, Peter and Manalo, Allan. 2020. "Self-healing polymers: Synthesis methods and applications." Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects. 23, pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100500Static behaviour of glass fibre reinforced novel composite sleepers for mainline railway track
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Alajarmeh, Omar, Mohammed, Ali A., Salih, Choman, Yu, Peng, Mehrinejad Khotbehsara, Mojdeh and Schubel, Peter. 2021. "Static behaviour of glass fibre reinforced novel composite sleepers for mainline railway track." Engineering Structures. 229, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111627Testing and modelling the fatigue behaviour of GFRP composites – Effect of stress level, stress concentration and frequency
Ferdous, Wahid, Manalo, Allan, Peauril, Joshua, Salih, Choman, Reddy, Kakarla Raghava, Yu, Peng, Schubel, Peter and Heyer, Tom. 2020. "Testing and modelling the fatigue behaviour of GFRP composites – Effect of stress level, stress concentration and frequency." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. 23 (5), pp. 1223-1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.01.001