Modelling compaction variability in out-of-autoclave prepreg laminate

Paper


Bontch-Osmolovskaia, Daria, Zeng, Xuesen, Callus, Paul, Rider, Andrew, Chang, Paul and Schubel, Peter. 2019. "Modelling compaction variability in out-of-autoclave prepreg laminate." 22nd International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-22). Melbourne, Australia 11 - 16 Aug 2019 Australia.
Paper/Presentation Title

Modelling compaction variability in out-of-autoclave prepreg laminate

Presentation TypePaper
AuthorsBontch-Osmolovskaia, Daria, Zeng, Xuesen, Callus, Paul, Rider, Andrew, Chang, Paul and Schubel, Peter
Journal or Proceedings TitleProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Composites Materials (ICCM-22)
Journal Citation2019, pp. 638-648
Number of Pages11
Year2019
Place of PublicationAustralia
ISBN9781925627220
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttps://www.iccm-central.org/Proceedings/ICCM22proceedings/papers/ICCM22_Full_Paper_354.pdf
Web Address (URL) of Conference Proceedingshttps://www.iccm-central.org/Proceedings/ICCM22proceedings/index.htm
Conference/Event22nd International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-22)
Event Details
22nd International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-22)
Parent
International Conference on Composite Materials
Delivery
In person
Event Date
11 to end of 16 Aug 2019
Event Location
Melbourne, Australia
Abstract

The use of Out-Of-Autoclave (OOA) materials is on the increase in manufacture and repair of aerospace vehicle parts. However, the required aerospace quality standard (sub 1% porosity) is difficult to achieve. This paper proposes a novel experimental method for imaging the flow of trapped air bubbles through the OOA laminate stack. The goal is to quantify the volume of air and volatiles, trapped between the plies during the manufacturing process which will cause the undesirable porosity in the cured part. This paper describes the experimental scanning method for imaging a single ply of OOA material, capable of imaging air bubbles up to 10 microns in size. Then it proposes a future workflow, potentially capable of increasing resolutions of the scans to 3 microns. The air flow is to be modelled numerically, with the goal of constructing an accurate model of a single ply of OOA material - which can be used as a building block in future development of a 3-dimensional model of the laminate stack. This future exploration proposes the use of a novel method, employing a pressure mat during the vacuum consolidation treatment process.

KeywordsModelling; Out-of-autoclave prepreg; Porosity / voids
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Byline AffiliationsCentre for Future Materials
Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia
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https://research.usq.edu.au/item/w730y/modelling-compaction-variability-in-out-of-autoclave-prepreg-laminate

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Zeng, X. S., Shim, V. P. W. and Tan, V. B. C.. 2006. "Influence of boundary conditions on the ballistic performance of high-strength fabric targets ." International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2 (1-4), pp. 631-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.06.011
Modelling inter-yarn friction in woven fabric armour
Zeng, X. S., Tan, V. B. C. and Shim, V. P. W.. 2006. "Modelling inter-yarn friction in woven fabric armour." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. 66 (8), pp. 1309-1330. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1596
Multiscale modeling of polymers – the pseudo amorphous cell
Tan, V. B. C., Zeng, X. S., Deng, M., Lim, K. M. and Tay, T. E.. 2008. "Multiscale modeling of polymers – the pseudo amorphous cell." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 197 (6-8), pp. 536-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2007.08.006
Multiscale modeling of combined deterministic and stochastic fabric non-uniformity for realistic resin injection simulation
Endruweit, A., Zeng, X. and Long, A. C .. 2014. "Multiscale modeling of combined deterministic and stochastic fabric non-uniformity for realistic resin injection simulation ." Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science. 1 (1), pp. 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1179/2055035914Y.0000000002
Advanced geometry modelling for 3D woven fabrics in composites processing and performance analysis
Zeng, Xuesen, Brown, Louise P., Endruweit, Andreas, Matveev, Mikhail and Long, Andrew C.. 2013. "Advanced geometry modelling for 3D woven fabrics in composites processing and performance analysis." JEC Composites Magazine. 50 (82), pp. 55-60.
Large deformation modelling of tight woven fabric under high air pressure
Xiao, Xueliang, Long, Andrew, Lin, Hua and Zeng, Xuesen. 2015. "Large deformation modelling of tight woven fabric under high air pressure." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics. 10 (1), pp. 63-74.
A cost and performance comparison of LRTM and VI for the manufacture of large scale wind turbine blades
Hutchinson, J. R., Schubel, P. J. and Warrior, N. A.. 2011. "A cost and performance comparison of LRTM and VI for the manufacture of large scale wind turbine blades." Renewable Energy. 36 (2), pp. 866-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.07.025
The experimental determination of prepreg tack and dynamic stiffness
Crossley, R. J., Schubel, P. J. and Warrior, N. A.. 2012. "The experimental determination of prepreg tack and dynamic stiffness." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 43 (3), pp. 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.10.014
Cost modelling in polymer composite applications: case study – analysis of existing and automated manufacturing processes for a large wind turbine blade
Schubel, P. J.. 2012. "Cost modelling in polymer composite applications: case study – analysis of existing and automated manufacturing processes for a large wind turbine blade." Composites Part B: Engineering. 43 (3), pp. 953-960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.11.036
Hydroxyethylcellulose surface treatment of natural fibres: the new 'twist' in yarn preparation and optimization for composites applicability
Shah, Darshil U., Schubel, Peter J., Licence, Peter and Clifford, Mike J.. 2012. "Hydroxyethylcellulose surface treatment of natural fibres: the new 'twist' in yarn preparation and optimization for composites applicability." Journal of Materials Science. 47 (6), pp. 2700-2711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-6096-1
Modelling the effect of yarn twist on the tensile strength of unidirectional plant fibre yarn composites
Shah, Darshil U., Schubel, Peter J. and Clifford, Mike J.. 2012. "Modelling the effect of yarn twist on the tensile strength of unidirectional plant fibre yarn composites." Journal of Composite Materials. 47 (4), pp. 425-436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312440737
Determining the minimum, critical and maximum fibre content for twisted yarn reinforced plant fibre composites
Shah, Darshil U., Schubel, Peter J., Licence, Peter and Clifford, Mike J.. 2012. "Determining the minimum, critical and maximum fibre content for twisted yarn reinforced plant fibre composites." Composites Science and Technology. 72 (15), pp. 1909-1917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.08.005
Fatigue life evaluation of aligned plant fibre composites through S-N curves and constant-life diagrams
Shah, Darshil U., Schubel, Peter J., Clifford, Mike J. and Licence, Peter. 2013. "Fatigue life evaluation of aligned plant fibre composites through S-N curves and constant-life diagrams." Composites Science and Technology. 74, pp. 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.10.015
Wind turbine blade design review
Schubel, P. J. and Crossley, R. J.. 2012. "Wind turbine blade design review." Wind Engineering. 36 (4), pp. 365-388. https://doi.org/10.1260/0309-524X.36.4.365
Wind turbine blade design
Schubel, P. J. and Crossley, R. J.. 2012. "Wind turbine blade design." Energies. 5 (9), pp. 3425-3449. https://doi.org/10.3390/en5093425
Review of structural health and cure monitoring techniques for large wind turbine blades
Schubel, P. J., Crossley, R. J., Boateng, E. K. G. and Hutchinson, J. R.. 2013. "Review of structural health and cure monitoring techniques for large wind turbine blades." Renewable Energy. 51, pp. 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.072
Can flax replace E-glass in structural composites? A small wind turbine blade case study
Shah, Darshil U., Schubel, Peter J. and Clifford, Mike J.. 2013. "Can flax replace E-glass in structural composites? A small wind turbine blade case study." Composites Part B: Engineering. 52, pp. 172-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.04.027
Mechanical property characterization of aligned plant yarn reinforced thermoset matrix composites manufactured via vacuum infusion
Shah, Darshil U., Schubel, Peter J., Clifford, Mike J. and Licence, Peter. 2014. "Mechanical property characterization of aligned plant yarn reinforced thermoset matrix composites manufactured via vacuum infusion." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 53 (3), pp. 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2013.843710
Experimental determination and control of prepreg tack for automated manufacture
Crossley, R. J., Schubel, P. J. and Warrior, N. A.. 2011. "Experimental determination and control of prepreg tack for automated manufacture." Plastics Rubber and Composites. 40 (6-7), pp. 363-368. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328910X12777566997810
The tensile behaviour of off-axis plant fibre composites: an insight on the non-linear stress-strain response
Shah, Darshil U., Schubel, Peter J., Clifford, Mike J. and Licence, Peter. 2012. "The tensile behaviour of off-axis plant fibre composites: an insight on the non-linear stress-strain response." Polymer Composites. 33 (9), pp. 1494-1504. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22279
Time-temperature equivalence in the tack and dynamic stiffness of polymer prepreg and its application to automated composites manufacturing
Crossley, R. J., Schubel, P. J. and De Focatiis, D. S. A.. 2013. "Time-temperature equivalence in the tack and dynamic stiffness of polymer prepreg and its application to automated composites manufacturing." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 52, pp. 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.05.002
A coupled structural and flow approach for numerical simulation of the light resin transfer moulding process. II: Fabric permeability and compaction characterisation, model results and a 6-kW wind turbine case study
Hutchinson, J. R. and Schubel, P. J.. 2014. "A coupled structural and flow approach for numerical simulation of the light resin transfer moulding process. II: Fabric permeability and compaction characterisation, model results and a 6-kW wind turbine case study." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 33 (13), pp. 1237-1257. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684414527806
A coupled structural and flow approach for numerical simulation of the light resin transfer moulding process. I: Model outline
Hutchinson, J. R., Schubel, P. J. and Said, R.. 2014. "A coupled structural and flow approach for numerical simulation of the light resin transfer moulding process. I: Model outline." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 33 (14), pp. 1332-1338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684414527805
Furan matrix and flax fibre as a sustainable renewable composite: mechanical and fire-resistant properties in comparison to phenol, epoxy and polyester
Crossley, Richard, Schubel, Peter and Stevenson, Anthony. 2014. "Furan matrix and flax fibre as a sustainable renewable composite: mechanical and fire-resistant properties in comparison to phenol, epoxy and polyester." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 33 (1), pp. 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684413502108
On recycled carbon fibre composites manufactured through a liquid composite moulding process
Shah, Darshil U. and Schubel, Peter J.. 2016. "On recycled carbon fibre composites manufactured through a liquid composite moulding process." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 35 (7), pp. 533-540. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684415623652
Understanding the buckling behaviour of steered tows in automated dry fibre placement (ADFP)
Matveev, M. Y., Schubel, P. J., Long, A. C. and Jones, I. A.. 2016. "Understanding the buckling behaviour of steered tows in automated dry fibre placement (ADFP)." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 90, pp. 451-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.08.014
Green Composite Materials
Wang, Hao, Schubel, Peter, Yi, Xiaosu, Zhu, Jin, Ulven, Chad and Qiu, Yiping. 2015. "Green Composite Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/487416
Automated Finite Element Modelling of 3D Woven Textiles
Zeng, X. S., Long, A. C., Clifford, M. J., Iniotakis, C., Probst-Schendzielorz, S. and Schmitt, M. W.. 2010. "Automated Finite Element Modelling of 3D Woven Textiles." 3rd World Conference on 3D Fabrics and their Applications. 20 - 21 Apr 2011
CFD Flow Simulation for Impregnation of 3D Woven Reinforcements
Zeng, X., Endruweit, A., Long, A. C. and Clifford, M. J.. 2010. "CFD Flow Simulation for Impregnation of 3D Woven Reinforcements." International Conference on Textile Composites (TEXCOMP). United States. IOP Publishing.
Characterizing and constitutive modelling of aramid fibres at high strain rates
Tan, V. B. C., Zeng, X. S. and Shim, V. P. W.. 2008. "Characterizing and constitutive modelling of aramid fibres at high strain rates ." International Journal of Impact Engineering. 35 (11), pp. 1303-1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.07.010
Modelling crimp in woven fabrics subjected to ballistic impact
Tan, V. B. C., Shim, V. P. W. and Zeng, X.. 2005. "Modelling crimp in woven fabrics subjected to ballistic impact." International Journal of Impact Engineering. 32 (1-4), pp. 561-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.06.008