Modelling the effect of yarn twist on the tensile strength of unidirectional plant fibre yarn composites

Article

Shah, Darshil U., Schubel, Peter J. and Clifford, Mike J.. 2012. "Modelling the effect of yarn twist on the tensile strength of unidirectional plant fibre yarn composites." Journal of Composite Materials. 47 (4), pp. 425-436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312440737
Article Title

Modelling the effect of yarn twist on the tensile strength of unidirectional plant fibre yarn composites

ERA Journal ID4918
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsShah, Darshil U. (Author), Schubel, Peter J. (Author) and Clifford, Mike J. (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Composite Materials
Journal Citation47 (4), pp. 425-436
Number of Pages12
Year2012
PublisherSAGE Publications Ltd
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN0021-9983
1530-793X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312440737
Web Address (URL)http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021998312440737
Abstract

The true structural potential of plant fibres as reinforcing agents can only be realized when the highest reinforcement efficiency is employed. Hence, aligned unidirectional plant fibre composites (PFCs) are of interest. However, due to the short length of technical plant fibres, the reinforcement needs to be in the form of staple fibre yarns which have a twisted structure. Although twist facilitates yarn processability, it has several detrimental effects on the composites produced. One of these detrimental effects is fibre obliquity and misalignment which results in a drastic drop in mechanical properties of the composite. No model is currently available to predict the effect of reinforcing yarn twist on unidirectional PFC tensile strength.
In this paper, plant fibre staple yarn structure-property relationships are discussed and a mathematical model based on i) the modified rule of mixtures for PFCs, ii) idealised twisted structure of a staple fibre yarn, and iii) Krenchel orientation efficiency factor is developed to predict the influence of yarn twist on aligned PFC strength. An orientation efficiency factor of cos2(2α), where α is the surface twist angle, is derived which can be easily substituted into the rule of mixtures for composites. The model is validated with extensive experimental data from Goutinos et al. [7] and shows strong agreement; the derived model is a near-perfect fit for the experimental data (with R2 = 0.960).
Models by other researchers on the effect of twist on elastic modulus of high-performance impregnated filament yarns are complex and found to be unsuitable to predict the effect of twist on PFC tensile strength. The Tsai-Hill model is observed to significantly over-estimate the reduction in tensile strength at low twist angles.

Keywordsnatural fibres, polymer-matrix composites, twisted yarn, modelling, reinforcement orientation efficiency, tensile strength
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401602. Composite and hybrid materials
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Nottingham, United Kingdom
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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