Removal of persistent organic contaminants by electrochemically activated sulfate

Article

Farhat, Ali, Keller, Jurg, Tait, Stephan and Radjenovic, Jelena. 2015. "Removal of persistent organic contaminants by electrochemically activated sulfate." Environmental Science and Technology. 49 (24), pp. 14326-14333. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02705
Article Title

Removal of persistent organic contaminants by electrochemically activated sulfate

ERA Journal ID4674
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsFarhat, Ali (Author), Keller, Jurg (Author), Tait, Stephan (Author) and Radjenovic, Jelena (Author)
Journal TitleEnvironmental Science and Technology
Journal Citation49 (24), pp. 14326-14333
Number of Pages8
Year2015
PublisherAmerican Chemical Society
Place of PublicationWashington, United States
ISSN0013-936X
1520-5851
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02705
Web Address (URL)https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5b02705
Abstract

Solutions of sulfate have often been used as background electrolytes in the electrochemical degradation of contaminants and have been generally considered inert even when high-oxidation-power anodes such as boron-doped diamond (BDD) were employed. This study examines the role of sulfate by comparing electro-oxidation rates for seven persistent organic contaminants at BDD anodes in sulfate and inert nitrate anolytes. Sulfate yielded electro-oxidation rates 10–15 times higher for all target contaminants compared to the rates of nitrate anolyte. This electrochemical activation of sulfate was also observed at concentrations as low as 1.6 mM, which is relevant for many wastewaters. Electrolysis of diatrizoate in the presence of specific radical quenchers (tert-butanol and methanol) had a similar effect on electro-oxidation rates, illustrating a possible role of the hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the anodic formation of sulfate radical (SO4•–) species. The addition of 0.55 mM persulfate increased the electro-oxidation rate of diatrizoate in nitrate from 0.94 to 9.97 h–1, suggesting a nonradical activation of persulfate. Overall findings indicate the formation of strong sulfate-derived oxidant species at BDD anodes when polarized at high potentials. This may have positive implications in the electro-oxidation of wastewaters containing sulfate. For example, the energy required for the 10-fold removal of diatrizoate was decreased from 45.6 to 2.44 kWh m–3 by switching from nitrate to sulfate anolyte.

Keywordsactivated sulfate, electro-oxidation
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401102. Environmentally sustainable engineering
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Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Queensland
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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