Reliability and validity of self-reported sitting and breaks from sitting in the workplace

Article

Sudholz, Bronwyn, Ridgers, Nicola D., Mussap, Alexander, Bennie, Jason, Timperio, Anna and Salmon, Jo. 2018. "Reliability and validity of self-reported sitting and breaks from sitting in the workplace." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 21 (7), pp. 697-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.030
Article Title

Reliability and validity of self-reported sitting and breaks from sitting in the workplace

ERA Journal ID9776
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsSudholz, Bronwyn (Author), Ridgers, Nicola D. (Author), Mussap, Alexander (Author), Bennie, Jason (Author), Timperio, Anna (Author) and Salmon, Jo (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Science and Medicine in Sport
Journal Citation21 (7), pp. 697-701
Number of Pages5
Year2018
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationAustralia
ISSN1440-2440
1878-1861
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.030
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1440244017317413
Abstract

Objectives
Prolonged sitting is a health risk factor which is ubiquitous to the workplace, and breaking up prolonged sitting is widely recommended. This study evaluated the test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of a self-report measure of duration of sitting and breaks from sitting in the workplace.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Methods
Fifty-nine workers who reported spending most of their work time sitting wore an activPAL inclinometer and the ActiGraph accelerometer for eight consecutive days, and completed single-item measures of duration of sitting (min/work hour) and breaks from sitting (frequency/per work hour), twice, seven days apart.

Results
Participants reported sitting at work for a median of 420 min/day (Interquartile Range = 360–450 min/day) and taking one break (Interquartile Range = 1.0–2.0) from sitting per work hour. For reported duration of workplace sitting, test–retest reliability was adequate (Intra-Class Correlations = 0.78, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] = 0.65, 0.86), and concurrent validity fair against the activPAL (Spearman’s Rho = 0.24, CI-1.0,0.47) and the ActiGraph (Rho = 0.39, CI = 0.15, 0.68). For reported breaks from sitting (frequency/per work hour), test–retest reliability was adequate (Intra-Class Correlations = 0.65, CI = 0.48, 0.78) and concurrent validity fair against the activPAL (Spearman’s Rho = 0.39, CI = 0.25, 0.74) and the ActiGraph (Spearman’s Rho = 0.30, CI = 0.15, 0.69). Self-reported duration of sitting was biased toward over-reporting compared to the activPAL (median = 45.4 min) and under-reporting compared to the ActiGraph (median = 21.7 min).

Conclusions
This study found adequate reliability and fair validity for self-reported duration of sitting (min/work day) and breaks from sitting (frequency/per work hour). Further validity research is needed using the inclinometer.

KeywordsactivPAL; ActiGraph; Sedentary-behaviour; Sedentary-occupation; Psychometrics
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420799. Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified
420201. Behavioural epidemiology
Byline AffiliationsDeakin University
Centre for Health Research
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
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Vergeer, Ineke, Bennie, Jason A., Charity, Melanie J., Harvey, Jack T., van Uffelen, Jannique G. Z., Biddle, Stuart J. H. and Eime, Rochelle M.. 2017. "Participation trends in holistic movement practices: a 10-year comparison of yoga/pilates and t’ai chi/qigong use among a national sample of 195,926 Australians." BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 17 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1800-6
Assessment and monitoring practices of Australian fitness professionals
Bennie, Jason A., Wiesner, Glen H., van Uffelen, Jannique G. Z., Harvey, Jack T., Craike, Melinda J. and Biddle, Stuart J. H.. 2018. "Assessment and monitoring practices of Australian fitness professionals." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 21 (4), pp. 433-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.010
The descriptive epidemiology of total physical activity, muscle-strengthening exercises and sedentary behaviour among Australian adults - results from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey
Bennie, Jason A., Pedisic, Zeljko, van Uffelen, Jannique G. Z., Gale, Joanne, Banting, Lauren K., Vergeer, Ineke, Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Bauman, Adrian E. and Biddle, Stuart J. H.. 2016. "The descriptive epidemiology of total physical activity, muscle-strengthening exercises and sedentary behaviour among Australian adults - results from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey." BMC Public Health. 16 (73). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2736-3
Pumping iron in Australia: prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates of muscle strengthening activity participation from a national sample of 195,926 adults
Bennie, Jason A., Pedisic, Zeljko, van Uffelen, Jannique G. Z., Charity, Melanie J., Harvey, Jack T., Banting, Lauren K., Vergeer, Ineke, Biddle, Stuart J. H. and Eime, Rochelle M.. 2016. "Pumping iron in Australia: prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates of muscle strengthening activity participation from a national sample of 195,926 adults." PLoS One. 11 (4), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153225
Too much sitting and cardio-metabolic risk: an update of epidemiological evidence
Bauman, Adrian E., Chau, Josephine Y., Ding, Ding and Bennie, Jason. 2013. "Too much sitting and cardio-metabolic risk: an update of epidemiological evidence." Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports. 7 (4), pp. 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12170-013-0316-y
Total and domain-specific sitting time among employees in desk-based work settings in Australia
Bennie, Jason A., Pedisic, Zeljko, Timperio, Anna, Crawford, David, Dunstan, David, Bauman, Adrian, van Uffelen, Jannique and Salmon, Jo. 2015. "Total and domain-specific sitting time among employees in desk-based work settings in Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 39 (3), pp. 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12293
Levels and correlates of domain-specific physical activity in university students: cross-sectional findings from Croatia | [Razina i korelati tjelesne aktivnosti u razliĉitim domenama kod studenata: Rezultati transverzalnog istraẑivanja iz Hrvatske]
Pedisic, Zeljko, Rakovac, Marija, Bennie, Jason, Jurakic, Danijel and Bauman, Adrian E.. 2014. "Levels and correlates of domain-specific physical activity in university students: cross-sectional findings from Croatia | [Razina i korelati tjelesne aktivnosti u razliĉitim domenama kod studenata: Rezultati transverzalnog istraẑivanja iz Hrvatske]." Kinesiology. 46 (1), pp. 12-22.
The prevalence and correlates of sitting in European adults - a comparison of 32 Eurobarometer-participating countries
Bennie, Jason A., Chau, Josephine Y., van der Ploeg, Hidde P., Stamatakis, Emmanuel, Do, Anna and Bauman, Adrian. 2013. "The prevalence and correlates of sitting in European adults - a comparison of 32 Eurobarometer-participating countries." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 10 (107), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-107
Policy and practice impacts of applied research: a case study analysis of the New South Wales Health Promotion Demonstration Research Grants Scheme 2000–2006
Milat, Andrew J., Laws, Rachel, King, Lesley, Newson, Robyn, Rychetnik, Lucie, Rissel, Chris, Bauman, Adrian E., Redman, Sally and Bennie, Jason. 2013. "Policy and practice impacts of applied research: a case study analysis of the New South Wales Health Promotion Demonstration Research Grants Scheme 2000–2006." Health Research Policy and Systems. 11 (5), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4505-11-5
Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire (SITBRQ): an assessment of concurrent validity and test-retest reliability
Pedisic, Zeljko, Bennie, Jason A., Timperio, Anna F., Crawford, David A., Dunstan, David W., Bauman, Adrian E. and Salmon, Jo. 2014. "Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire (SITBRQ): an assessment of concurrent validity and test-retest reliability." BMC Public Health. 14 (1), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1249
Unaccustomed eccentric contractions impair plasma K+ regulation in the absence of changes in muscle Na+,K+-ATPase content
Goodman, Craig A., Bennie, Jason A., Leikis, Murray J. and McKenna, Michael J.. 2014. "Unaccustomed eccentric contractions impair plasma K+ regulation in the absence of changes in muscle Na+,K+-ATPase content." PLoS One. 9 (6), pp. e101039-1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101039
Self-reported health-enhancing physical activity recommendation adherence among 64,380 finnish adults
Bennie, J. A., Pedisic, Z., Suni, J. H., Tokola, K., Husu, P., Biddle, S. J. H. and Vasankari, T.. 2017. "Self-reported health-enhancing physical activity recommendation adherence among 64,380 finnish adults." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 27 (2), pp. 1842-1853. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12863
Methods of measurement in epidemiology: sedentary behaviour
Atkin, Andrew J., Gorely, Trish, Clemes, Stacy A., Yates, Thomas, Edwardson, Charlotte, Brage, Soren, Salmon, Jo, Marshall, Simon J. and Biddle, Stuart J. H.. 2012. "Methods of measurement in epidemiology: sedentary behaviour." International Journal of Epidemiology. 41 (5), pp. 1460-1471. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys118
Variations in area-level disadvantage of Australian registered fitness trainers usual training locations
Bennie, Jason A., van Uffelen, Jannique G. Z., Banting, Lauren K., Biddle, Stuart J. H. and Thornton, Lukar E.. 2016. "Variations in area-level disadvantage of Australian registered fitness trainers usual training locations." BMC Public Health. 16, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3250-3
Too much sitting and all-cause mortality: is there a causal link?
Biddle, Stuart J. H., Bennie, Jason A., Bauman, Adrian E., Chau, Josephine Y., Dunstan, David, Owen, Neville, Stamatakis, Emmanuel and van Uffelen, Jannique G. Z.. 2016. "Too much sitting and all-cause mortality: is there a causal link?" BMC Public Health. 16, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3307-3
Associations between social ecological factors and self-reported short physical activity breaks during work hours among desk-based employees
Bennie, Jason A., Timperio, Anna F., Crawford, David A., Dunstan, David W. and Salmon, Jo L.. 2011. "Associations between social ecological factors and self-reported short physical activity breaks during work hours among desk-based employees." Preventive Medicine. 53 (1-2), pp. 44-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.05.015