An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths’ interactions with electronic screens
Article
Sanders, Taren, Noetel, Michael, Parker, Philip, del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Biddle, Stuart, Ronto, Rimante, Hulteen, Ryan, Parker, Rhiannon, Thomas, George, De Cocker, Katrien, Salmon, Jo, Hesketh, Kylie, Weeks, Nicole, Arnott, Hugh, Devine, Emma, Vasconcellos, Roberta, Pagano, Rebecca, Sherson, Jamie, Conigrave, James and Lonsdale, Chris. 2024. "An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths’ interactions with electronic screens." Nature Human Behaviour. 8 (1), p. pages82–99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01712-8
| Article Title | An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths’ interactions with electronic screens |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 213758 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Sanders, Taren, Noetel, Michael, Parker, Philip, del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Biddle, Stuart, Ronto, Rimante, Hulteen, Ryan, Parker, Rhiannon, Thomas, George, De Cocker, Katrien, Salmon, Jo, Hesketh, Kylie, Weeks, Nicole, Arnott, Hugh, Devine, Emma, Vasconcellos, Roberta, Pagano, Rebecca, Sherson, Jamie, Conigrave, James and Lonsdale, Chris |
| Journal Title | Nature Human Behaviour |
| Journal Citation | 8 (1), p. pages82–99 |
| Number of Pages | 18 |
| Year | 2024 |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| Place of Publication | United Kingdom |
| ISSN | 2397-3374 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01712-8 |
| Web Address (URL) | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176450686&doi=10.1038%2fs41562-023-01712-8&partnerID=40&md5=3cffa42eb2e2829863fc849dcfca8a6d |
| Abstract | The influence of electronic screens on the health of children and adolescents and their education is not well understood. In this prospectively registered umbrella review (PROSPERO identifier CRD42017076051), we harmonized effects from 102 meta-analyses (2,451 primary studies; 1,937,501 participants) of screen time and outcomes. In total, 43 effects from 32 meta-analyses met our criteria for statistical certainty. Meta-analyses of associations between screen use and outcomes showed small-to-moderate effects (range: r = –0.14 to 0.33). In education, results were mixed; for example, screen use was negatively associated with literacy (r = –0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = –0.20 to –0.09, P ≤ 0.001, k = 38, N = 18,318), but this effect was positive when parents watched with their children (r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.28, P = 0.028, k = 12, N = 6,083). In health, we found evidence for several small negative associations; for example, social media was associated with depression (r = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.19, P ≤ 0.001, k = 12, N = 93,740). Limitations of our review include the limited number of studies for each outcome, medium-to-high risk of bias in 95 out of 102 included meta-analyses and high heterogeneity (17 out of 22 in education and 20 out of 21 in health with I 2 > 50%). We recommend that caregivers and policymakers carefully weigh the evidence for potential harms and benefits of specific types of screen use. |
| Keywords | electronic screens; screen use; health of children |
| Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 420699. Public health not elsewhere classified |
| Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
| Byline Affiliations | Australian Catholic University |
| University of Queensland | |
| University of Southern Denmark, Denmark | |
| University of Cádiz, Spain | |
| University of Jyvaskyla, Finland | |
| Centre for Health Research | |
| Macquarie University | |
| Louisiana State University, United States | |
| University of New South Wales | |
| Ghent University, Belgium | |
| Deakin University | |
| University of Sydney |
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