The current workforce status of prehospital care in china

Article

Hou, Xiang-Yu and Lu, Chuan-Zhu. 2005. "The current workforce status of prehospital care in china." Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 3 (3), pp. 1-11.
Article Title

The current workforce status of prehospital care in china

Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsHou, Xiang-Yu (Author) and Lu, Chuan-Zhu (Author)
Journal TitleJournal of Emergency Primary Health Care
Journal Citation3 (3), pp. 1-11
Article Number990127
Number of Pages11
Year2005
Place of PublicationAustralia
Abstract

The Chinese Emergency Medicine System is primarily composed of three sectors; prehospital care, emergency department in a city hospital, and intensive care unit ward. While all sectors are integral to the system, the prehospital care system is less developed than the others. There are many possible contributors to the under-development of the prehospital care system, however, workforce issues may play a significant role. Firstly, there is no officially recognised paramedic profession in China. The staff members working in the prehospital care system are medical doctors, registered nurses, patient-carriers, and drivers. Secondly, these doctors and nurses are either over-qualified or under-qualified for practicing in the prehospital care system. Lastly, Chinese health professionals have taken actions to improve the current workforce status with initiatives such as short-term training workshops for doctors and nurses, implementation of a trial unit in a university, and development of a Major Degree of Emergency Medicine in a medical university. All of these actions are important steps toward improving the current workforce status in the prehospital care system. However, a long term workforce development plan is still essential for the Chinese system, and implementation of a professional paramedic education system in a medical university/college in China, may provide the solution. Keywords: China; emergency medicine system; health services; prehospital care system; workforce; service delivery

KeywordsChina; emergency medicine system; health system research; pre-hospital care system; service delivery; workforce
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020420309. Health management
420306. Health care administration
Public Notes

Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions.

Byline AffiliationsQueensland University of Technology
Haikou Municipal Health Bureau, China
Institution of OriginUniversity of Southern Queensland
Permalink -

https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q66vz/the-current-workforce-status-of-prehospital-care-in-china

Log in to edit
  • 73
    total views
  • 5
    total downloads
  • 1
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

The impact of workplace factors, workload and culture on the medication safety practices of paramedics
Walker, Dennis, Hou, Janet, Long, David, SueSee, Brendan and Moloney, Clint. 2024. "The impact of workplace factors, workload and culture on the medication safety practices of paramedics." Australasian College of Paramedicine International Conference 2023. Melbourne, Australia 14 - 15 Sep 2023 United Kingdom .
Factors Influencing Medication Errors in the Prehospital Paramedic Environment: A Mixed Method Systematic Review
Walker, Dennis, Moloney, Clint, SueSee, Brendan, Sharples, Renee, Blackman, Rosanna, Long, David and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2023. "Factors Influencing Medication Errors in the Prehospital Paramedic Environment: A Mixed Method Systematic Review." Prehospital Emergency Care. 27 (5), pp. 669-686. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2022.2068089
Catastrophic health expenditure associated with frailty in community-dwelling Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort analysis
Fan, Lijun, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Liu, Yingyan, Chen, Sunan, Wang, Qian and Du, Wei. 2021. "Catastrophic health expenditure associated with frailty in community-dwelling Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort analysis." Frontiers in Public Health. 9, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.718910
Flood fatalities in contemporary Australia (1997-2008): disaster medicine
Fitzgerald, Gerry, Du, Weiwei, Jamal, Aziz, Clark, Michele and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2010. "Flood fatalities in contemporary Australia (1997-2008): disaster medicine." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 22 (2), pp. 180-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2010.01284.x
Spousal Concordance in the Development of Functional Limitations Among Married Adults in China
Wang, Jingwen, Wang, Qian, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Chen, Sunan, Guo, Zhen, Du, Wei and Fan, Lijun. 2021. "Spousal Concordance in the Development of Functional Limitations Among Married Adults in China." JAMA Network Open. 4 (9), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25577
Educational stress scale for adolescents: development, validity, and reliability with Chinese students
Sun, Jiandong, Dunne, Michael P., Hou, Xiang-Yu and Xu, Ai-qiang. 2011. "Educational stress scale for adolescents: development, validity, and reliability with Chinese students." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 29 (6), pp. 534-546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282910394976
Progress and challenges of disaster health management in China: a scoping review
Zhong, Shuang, Clark, Michele, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Zang, Yuli and FitzGerald, Gerard. 2014. "Progress and challenges of disaster health management in China: a scoping review." Global Health Action. 7, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.24986
Validation of a framework for measuring hospital disaster resilience using factor analysis
Zhong, Shuang, Clark, Michele, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Zang, Yuli and FitzGerald, Gerard. 2014. "Validation of a framework for measuring hospital disaster resilience using factor analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 11 (6), pp. 6335-6353. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110606335
Factors affecting antihypertensive medications adherence among hypertensive patients in Saudi Arabia
Alsolami, Fatmah, Correa-Velez, Ignacio and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2015. "Factors affecting antihypertensive medications adherence among hypertensive patients in Saudi Arabia." American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 5 (4), pp. 181-189. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajmms.20150504.07
Interventions targeting the elderly population to reduce emergency department utilisation: a literature review
Fan, Lijun, Lukin, William, Zhao, Jingzhou, Sun, Jiandong and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2015. "Interventions targeting the elderly population to reduce emergency department utilisation: a literature review." Emergency Medicine Journal. 32 (9), pp. 738-743. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2014-203770
The Australian emergency medical system
FitzGerald, Gerard, Hou, Xiang-Yu and Hang, H.. 2008. "The Australian emergency medical system." Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine. 17 (7), pp. 774-778.
Towards understanding self-development coaching programs
Aboalshamat, Khalid, Hou, Xiang-Yu and Strodl, Esben. 2014. "Towards understanding self-development coaching programs." International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science. 4 (4), pp. 136-145. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20140404.04
Health impacts of floods: a comprehensive review
Du, Weiwei, FitzGerald, Gerard, Clark, Michele and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2010. "Health impacts of floods: a comprehensive review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 25 (3), pp. 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X00008141
A qualitative study of the determinants of dieting and non-dieting approaches in overweight/obese Australian adults
Leske, Stuart, Strodl, Esben and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2012. "A qualitative study of the determinants of dieting and non-dieting approaches in overweight/obese Australian adults." BMC Public Health. 12 (1), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-1086
Doctor's knowledge and practices of traumatic brain injury management in Chinese prehospital settings
Kou, Kou, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Sun, Jian-Dong and Chu, Kevin. 2015. "Doctor's knowledge and practices of traumatic brain injury management in Chinese prehospital settings." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 30 (6), pp. 560-568. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005257
Acuity and severity of patients attending 28 Queensland hospitals emergency departments in 2008-09 [Conference Abstract]
Hou, Xiang-Yu, Toloo, Sam and FitzGerald, Gerard. 2011. "Acuity and severity of patients attending 28 Queensland hospitals emergency departments in 2008-09 [Conference Abstract]." Australasian Epidemiologist. 18 (2), p. 89.
What health problems overcrowd hospital emergency departments in Queensland and has this changed over time? A case study of two hospitals in Queensland 2001 - 2009
Hou, Xiang-Yu, Toloo, Sam and FitzGerald, Gerard. 2011. "What health problems overcrowd hospital emergency departments in Queensland and has this changed over time? A case study of two hospitals in Queensland 2001 - 2009." Australasian Epidemiologist. 18 (1), pp. 10-14.
Is language a barrier for quality care in hospitals? A case series from an Emergency Department of a teaching hospital in Brisbane
Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Chu, Kevin and Clark, Michele. 2011. "Is language a barrier for quality care in hospitals? A case series from an Emergency Department of a teaching hospital in Brisbane." Australasian Epidemiologist. 18 (1), pp. 6-9.
Weight bias on psychological and physical health
Leske, Stuart, Strodl, Esben and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2012. "Weight bias on psychological and physical health." Australasian Epidemiologist. 19 (1), pp. 18-20.
Immigrants and the utilization of hospital emergency departments
Mahmoud, Ibrahim and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2012. "Immigrants and the utilization of hospital emergency departments." World Journal of Emergency Medicine. 3 (4), pp. 245-250. https://doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2012.04.001
The potential contributions of traditional Chinese medicine to emergency medicine
He, Jun and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2013. "The potential contributions of traditional Chinese medicine to emergency medicine." World Journal of Emergency Medicine. 4 (2), pp. 92-97.
Introduction of emergency medicine in China
Hou, Xiang-Yu and FitzGerald, Gerard. 2008. "Introduction of emergency medicine in China." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 20 (4), pp. 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01108.x
Impact of a government triple zero awareness campaign on emergency department patient characteristics
Hou, Xiang-Yu, Zhao, Jingzhou and Chu, Kevin. 2012. "Impact of a government triple zero awareness campaign on emergency department patient characteristics." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 24 (4), pp. 393-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2012.01560.x
Language and utilisation of emergency care in Queensland
Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Chu, Kevin and Clark, Michele. 2013. "Language and utilisation of emergency care in Queensland." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 25 (1), pp. 40-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12017
2010-2011 Queensland floods: using Haddon's Matrix to define and categorise public safety strategies
Zhong, Shuang, Clark, Michele, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Zang, Yu-Li and FitzGerald, Gerry. 2013. "2010-2011 Queensland floods: using Haddon's Matrix to define and categorise public safety strategies." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 25 (4), pp. 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12097
Satisfaction with emergency department service among non-English-speaking background patients
Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Chu, Kevin, Clark, Michele and Eley, Robert. 2014. "Satisfaction with emergency department service among non-English-speaking background patients." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 26 (3), pp. 256-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12214
Paramedic education opportunities and challenges in Australia
Hou, Xiang-Yu, Rego, Joanna and Service, Melinda. 2013. "Paramedic education opportunities and challenges in Australia." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 25 (2), pp. 114-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12034
The impact of globalisation on health
Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2008. "The impact of globalisation on health." Fleming, Mary Louise and Parker, Elizabeth (ed.) Introduction to public health. Chatswood, NSW, Australia. Elsevier. pp. 307-331
Emergency department in hospitals, a window of the world: a preliminary comparison between Australia and China
Hou, Xiang-Yu and Chu, Kevin. 2010. "Emergency department in hospitals, a window of the world: a preliminary comparison between Australia and China." World Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1 (3), pp. 180-184.
The impact of globalisation on health
Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2011. "The impact of globalisation on health." Fleming, Mary Louise and Parker, Elizabeth (ed.) Introduction to public health. Chatswood, NSW, Australia. Elsevier. pp. 326-349
Factors affecting antihypertensive treatment adherence: a Saudi Arabian perspective
Alsolami, Fatmah, Hou, Xiang-Yu and Correa-Velez, Ignacio. 2012. "Factors affecting antihypertensive treatment adherence: a Saudi Arabian perspective." Clinical Medicine and Diagnostics. 2 (4), pp. 27-32. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.cmd.20120204.02
Assessing the overuse of antibiotics in children with URTIs in Saudi Arabia: development of the parental perception on antibiotics scale (PAPA scale)
Alumran, Arwa, Hou, Xiang-Yu and Hurst, Cameron. 2013. "Assessing the overuse of antibiotics in children with URTIs in Saudi Arabia: development of the parental perception on antibiotics scale (PAPA scale)." Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health. 3 (1), pp. 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2012.11.005
Psychological health of medical and dental students in Saudi Arabia: a longitudinal study
Aboalshamat, Khalid, Hou, Xiang-Yu and Strodl, Esben. 2014. "Psychological health of medical and dental students in Saudi Arabia: a longitudinal study." Public Health Research. 4 (5), pp. 179-184. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.phr.20140405.05
Predictors of dieting and non-dieting approaches among adults living in Australia
Leske, Stuart, Strodl, Esben and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2017. "Predictors of dieting and non-dieting approaches among adults living in Australia." BMC Public Health. 17, pp. Article number: 214 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4131-0
Modification of the effects of air pollutants on mortality by temperature: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Li, Jing, Woodward, Alistair, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Zhu, Tong, Zhang, Jinliang, Brown, Helen, Yang, Jun, Qin, Rennie, Gao, Jinghong, Gu, Shaohua, Li, Jing, Xu, Lei, Liu, Xiaobo and Liu, Qiyong. 2017. "Modification of the effects of air pollutants on mortality by temperature: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Science of the Total Environment. 575, pp. 1556-1570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.070
Family childcare types and conduct problem behaviors in young children: The mediation role of caregiver-child interaction
Liu, Li, Fan, Lijun, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Wu, Chuan-An, Yin, Xiao-Na, Wen, Guo-Min, Sun, Dengli, Xian, Dan-Xia, Jiang, Hui, Jing, Jin, Jin, Yu and Chen, Wei-Qing. 2018. "Family childcare types and conduct problem behaviors in young children: The mediation role of caregiver-child interaction." Frontiers in Pediatrics. 6, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00217
Sugar-sweetened beverages and school students' hypertension in urban areas of Nanjing, China
Qin, Zhenzhen, Xu, Fei, Ye, Qing, Zhou, Hairong, Li, Chao, He, Jing, Wang, Zhiyong, Hong, Xin and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2018. "Sugar-sweetened beverages and school students' hypertension in urban areas of Nanjing, China." Journal of Human Hypertension. 32, pp. 392-396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-018-0030-9
Interpersonal conflict, school connectedness and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: Moderation effect of gender and grade level
He, Guan-Hao, Strodl, Esben, Chen, Wei-Qing, Liu, Fan, Hayixibayi, Alimila and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2019. "Interpersonal conflict, school connectedness and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: Moderation effect of gender and grade level." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (12), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122182
How much can our universities do in the development of cultural intelligence? A cross-sectional study among health care students
Wang, Chen, Shakespeare-Finch, Jane, Dunne, Michael P., Hou, Xiang-Yu and Khawaja, Nigar G.. 2021. "How much can our universities do in the development of cultural intelligence? A cross-sectional study among health care students." Nurse Education Today. 103, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104956
Director of nursing experiences of a hospital in the nursing home program in South East Queensland
Barnard, Alan, Hou, Xiang-Yu and Lukin, Bill. 2016. "Director of nursing experiences of a hospital in the nursing home program in South East Queensland." Collegian: The Australian Journal of Nursing Practice, Scholarship and Research. 23 (4), pp. 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2016.03.001
Hospital in the Nursing Home program reduces emergency department presentations and hospital admissions from residential aged care facilities in Queensland, Australia: a quasi-experimental study
Fan, Lijun, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Zhao, Jingzhou, Sun, Jiandong, Dingle, Kaeleen, Purtill, Rhonda, Tapp, Sam and Lukin, Bill. 2016. "Hospital in the Nursing Home program reduces emergency department presentations and hospital admissions from residential aged care facilities in Queensland, Australia: a quasi-experimental study." BMC Health Services Research. 16, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1275-z
Qualitative study of patients' choice between public and private hospital emergency departments
He, Jun, Toloo, Ghasem-Sam, Hou, Xiang-Yu and FitzGerald, Gerry. 2016. "Qualitative study of patients' choice between public and private hospital emergency departments." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 28 (2), pp. 159-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12530
Teaching epidemiology to undergraduate paramedics [Round table]
Lim, David, Hou, Xiang-Yu and Tippett, Vivienne. 2016. "Teaching epidemiology to undergraduate paramedics [Round table]." Australasian Epidemiologist. 23 (1), pp. 24-26.
Emergency department use among patients from residential aged care facilities under a Hospital in the Nursing Home scheme in public hospitals in Queensland Australia
Lukin, Bill, Fan, Li-jun, Zhao, Jing-zhou, Sun, Jian-dong, Dingle, Kaeleen, Purtill, Rhonda, Tapp, Sam and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2016. "Emergency department use among patients from residential aged care facilities under a Hospital in the Nursing Home scheme in public hospitals in Queensland Australia." World Journal of Emergency Medicine. 7 (3), pp. 183-190. https://doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2016.03.004
Patients' choice between public and private hospital emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey
He, Jun, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Toloo, Ghasem (Sam) and FitzGerald, Gerry. 2017. "Patients' choice between public and private hospital emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 29 (6), pp. 635-642. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12841
Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and hyperactivity behavior in Chinese young children
Lin, Qingmei, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Yin, Xiao-Na, Wen, Guo-Min, Sun, Dengli, Xian, Dan-Xia, Fan, Lijun, Jiang, Hui, Jing, Jin, Jin, Yu, Wu, Chuan-An and Chen, Wei-Qing. 2017. "Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and hyperactivity behavior in Chinese young children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 14 (10), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101132
Biomarkers of the health outcomes associated with ambient particulate matter exposure
Yang, Lixin, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Wei, Yongjie, Thai, Phong and Chai, Fahe. 2017. "Biomarkers of the health outcomes associated with ambient particulate matter exposure." Science of the Total Environment. 579, pp. 1446-1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.146
Incidence and outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage in the general and emergency department populations in Queensland from 2010 to 2014
Chu, Kevin H., Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Winter, Craig D., Jeffree, Rosalind L., Brown, Nathan J. and Brown, Anthony F. T.. 2018. "Incidence and outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage in the general and emergency department populations in Queensland from 2010 to 2014." Emergency Medicine Australasia. 30 (4), pp. 503-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12936
Cost analysis of improving emergency care for aged care residents under a Hospital in the Nursing Home program in Australia
Fan, Lijun, Lukin, Bill, Zhao, Jingzhou, Sun, Jiandong, Dingle, Kaeleen, Purtill, Rhonda, Tapp, Sam and Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2018. "Cost analysis of improving emergency care for aged care residents under a Hospital in the Nursing Home program in Australia." PLoS One. 13 (7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199879
Disaster resilience in tertiary hospitals: a cross-sectional survey in Shandong Province, China
Zhong, Shuang, Hou, Xiang-Yu, Clark, Michele, Zang, Yuli, Wang, Lu, Xu, Ling-Zong and FitzGerald, Gerard. 2014. "Disaster resilience in tertiary hospitals: a cross-sectional survey in Shandong Province, China." BMC Health Services Research. 14, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-135
Emergency medicine in China
Hou, Xiang-Yu. 2012. "Emergency medicine in China." Blaivas, Michael (ed.) Emergency medicine: an international perspective. Croatia. In-Tech. pp. 73-94