Innovative numerical modeling for predicting soil relaxation in the design of twin circular culverts

Article

Shiau, Jim, Nguyen, Tan, Sams, Mathew and Bhattacharya, Paramita. 2024. "Innovative numerical modeling for predicting soil relaxation in the design of twin circular culverts ." Scientific Reports. 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58507-8
Article Title

Innovative numerical modeling for predicting soil relaxation in the design of twin circular culverts

ERA Journal ID201487
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsShiau, Jim, Nguyen, Tan, Sams, Mathew and Bhattacharya, Paramita
Journal TitleScientific Reports
Journal Citation14
Article Number7689
Number of Pages19
Year2024
PublisherNature Publishing Group
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN2045-2322
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58507-8
Web Address (URL)https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-58507-8
Abstract

This study presents a finite difference model for analyzing ground stability and settlement of twin circular culverts in undrained clay. The model is verified through simulations of soil movement and relaxation around a tunnel-boring machine's shield. Stability numbers and ground settlement are evaluated across various culvert geometries and soil ratios and compared to rigorous solutions and previous models. The settlement data obtained is used to determine inflection point parameters for practical culvert design, considering dimensionless ratios. The findings highlight the importance of precise design methodologies that consider soil properties and geometry. The finite difference model proves to be a valuable tool in culvert design, providing accurate analysis of stability and settlement characteristics. The presented design figures and regression equations serve as practical tools for engineers in designing stable twin circular culverts in undrained clay. The study emphasizes the need to carefully consider soil properties and geometry for successful culvert design. In conclusion, the finite difference model offers insights into ground stability and settlement of twin circular culverts. The presented design figures and regression equations support engineers in making informed design decisions, ensuring the stability and long-term performance of culverts in undrained clay conditions.

KeywordsTwin culverts; Stability; Settlement; Pressure relaxation; Finite difference; FLAC
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020400502. Civil geotechnical engineering
Byline AffiliationsSchool of Engineering
Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
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Shiau, Jim and Mirza Hassan, Mohammad. 2017. "Numerical investigation of 2D trapdoor stability." Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim (ed.) Third International Conference on Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE-2017). Springfield, Australia 13 - 16 Nov 2017 Tsu City, Mie, Japan.
The effect of model domain size for unsupported plain strain tunnel headings in undrained clay
Shiau, Jim and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2017. "The effect of model domain size for unsupported plain strain tunnel headings in undrained clay." Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim (ed.) Third International Conference on Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE-2017). Springfield, Australia 13 - 16 Nov 2017 Tsu City, Mie, Japan.
Undrained Stability of Ring Foundations: Axisymmetry, Anisotropy, and Nonhomogeneity
Keawsawasvong, Suraparb, Shiau, Jim, Ngamkhanong, Chayut, Lai, Van Qui and Thongchom, Chanachai. 2022. "Undrained Stability of Ring Foundations: Axisymmetry, Anisotropy, and Nonhomogeneity." International Journal of Geomechanics. 22 (1), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002229
Improvement of bearing capacity of footings using reinforced granular trench
Bhattacharya, Paramita, Shiau, Jim and Barole, Sudarshan. 2021. "Improvement of bearing capacity of footings using reinforced granular trench." International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. 7, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-021-00324-4
Instability of boreholes with slurry
Keawsawasvong, Suraparb and Shiau, Jim. 2021. "Instability of boreholes with slurry." International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. 7, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-021-00326-2
Sinkhole stability in elliptical cavity under collapse and blowout conditions
Shiau, Jim, Keawsawasvong, Suraparb, Chudal, Bishal, Mahalingasivam, Kiritharan and Seehavong, Sorawit. 2021. "Sinkhole stability in elliptical cavity under collapse and blowout conditions." Geosciences. 11, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11100421
Revisiting Circular Tunnel Stability Using Broms and Bennermarks’ Original Stability Number
Shiau, Jim and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2021. "Revisiting Circular Tunnel Stability Using Broms and Bennermarks’ Original Stability Number." International Journal of Geomechanics. 21 (5), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001996
Stability of active trapdoors in axisymmetry
Keawsawasvong, Suraparb and Shiau, Jim. 2022. "Stability of active trapdoors in axisymmetry." Underground Space. 7 (1), pp. 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2021.05.001
Stability chart for unsupported square tunnels in homogeneous undrained clay
Shiau, Jim, Mirza Hassan, Mohammad and Hossain, Zakaria. 2018. "Stability chart for unsupported square tunnels in homogeneous undrained clay." International Journal of GEOMATE. 15 (48), pp. 195-201. https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.48.74149
Pipeline burst-related ground stability in blowout condition
Shiau, Jim, Chudal, Bishal, Mahalingasivam, Kiritharan and Keawsawasvong, Suraparb. 2021. "Pipeline burst-related ground stability in blowout condition." Transportation Geotechnics. 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100587
Three-Dimensional Circular Trapdoor Stability
Shiau, Jim, Keawsawasvong, Suraparb, Lee, Ji-Sung and Mirza Hassan, Mohammad. 2022. "Three-Dimensional Circular Trapdoor Stability." Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology. 9 (2), pp. 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-021-00166-7
Numerical modelling of three-dimensional sinkhole stability using finite different method
Shiau, Jim and Mirza Hassan, Mohammad. 2021. "Numerical modelling of three-dimensional sinkhole stability using finite different method." Innovative Infrastructure Solutions. 6 (4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00559-0
Numerical Investigation of Undrained Trapdoors in Three Dimensions
Shiau, Jim and Mirza Hassan, Mohammad. 2021. "Numerical Investigation of Undrained Trapdoors in Three Dimensions." International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. 7 (2), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-021-00283-w
Three-dimensional stability analysis of active and passive trapdoors
Shiau, Jim, Lee, Ji-Sung and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2021. "Three-dimensional stability analysis of active and passive trapdoors." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 107, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103635
Stability analysis of twin circular tunnels using shear strength reduction method
Shiau, J. and Al-Asadi, F.. 2020. "Stability analysis of twin circular tunnels using shear strength reduction method." Geotechnique Letters. 10 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.19.00003
Shear strength of soil by using clam shell waste as recycle aggregate
Rachmawati, Siti Hanggita, Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim. 2020. "Shear strength of soil by using clam shell waste as recycle aggregate." Journal of Agricultural Engineering . 51 (3), pp. 155-160. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.1043
Twin Tunnels Stability Factors Fc, Fs and Fγ
Shiau, Jim and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2021. "Twin Tunnels Stability Factors Fc, Fs and Fγ." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering: an international journal. 39 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01495-z
Three-dimensional analysis of circular tunnel headings using Broms and Bennermarks’ original stability number
Shiau, Jim and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2020. "Three-dimensional analysis of circular tunnel headings using Broms and Bennermarks’ original stability number." International Journal of Geomechanics. 20 (7). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001734
Two-dimensional tunnel heading stability factors Fc, Fs and Fγ
Shiau, Jim and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2020. "Two-dimensional tunnel heading stability factors Fc, Fs and Fγ." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103293
Three-dimensional heading stability of twin circular tunnels
Shiau, Jim and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2020. "Three-dimensional heading stability of twin circular tunnels." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering: an international journal. 38 (3), pp. 2973-2988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01201-z
Determination of critical tunnel heading pressures using stability factors
Shiau, Jim and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2020. "Determination of critical tunnel heading pressures using stability factors." Computers and Geotechnics. 119, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103345
Undrained stability of active and passive trapdoors
Shiau, Jim and Mirza Hassan, Mohammad. 2020. "Undrained stability of active and passive trapdoors." Geotechnical Research. 7 (1), pp. 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgere.19.00033
Pull-out resistance of single piles and parametric study using the Finite Difference Method (FDM)
Owino, Alex Otieno, Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim. 2018. "Pull-out resistance of single piles and parametric study using the Finite Difference Method (FDM)." American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 6 (5), pp. 193-198. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajcea-6-5-4
Ground improvement using waste shell for farm roads and embankments
Rachmawati, Siti Hanggita, Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim. 2018. "Ground improvement using waste shell for farm roads and embankments." Journal of Agricultural Engineering . 49 (1), pp. 29-33. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2018.731
Agriculture land development using shell husk as recycle aggregate
Rachmawati, Siti Hanggita, Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim. 2018. "Agriculture land development using shell husk as recycle aggregate." Agricultural Engineering International: Cigr Journal. 20 (3), pp. 45-51.
Parametric study on the response of composite single piles to lateral load by numerical simulation (FDM)
Owino, Alex Otieno, Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim. 2018. "Parametric study on the response of composite single piles to lateral load by numerical simulation (FDM)." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science. 3 (10), pp. 16-20. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.10.899
Streamlining information transfer between construction and structural engineering
Shiau, Jim. 2018. "Streamlining information transfer between construction and structural engineering." Shiau, Jim, Vimonsatit, Vanissorn, Yazdani, Siamak and Singh, Amarjit (ed.) 4th Australasia and South-East Asia Structural Engineering and Construction Conference. Brisbane, Australia 03 - 05 Dec 2018 United States.
Revisiting Broms and Bennermarks’ original stability number for tunnel headings
Shiau, Jim and Al-Asadi, Fadhil. 2018. "Revisiting Broms and Bennermarks’ original stability number for tunnel headings." Geotechnique Letters. 8 (4), pp. 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.18.00145
Relating volume loss and greenfield settlement
Shiau, Jim and Sams, Mathew. 2019. "Relating volume loss and greenfield settlement." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 83, pp. 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.09.041
A revisit to Nicoll Highway excavation in Singapore
Hama Salih, Samal, Mirza Hassan, Mohammad, Shiau, Jim and Hossain, Zakaria. 2018. "A revisit to Nicoll Highway excavation in Singapore." International Journal of GEOMATE. 14 (42), pp. 90-96. https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.42.81117
Numerical simulation of staged braced excavation in sand ~ O6 MRT station
Hama Salih, Samal, Mirza Hassan, Mohammad, Shiau, Jim and Hossain, Zakaria. 2018. "Numerical simulation of staged braced excavation in sand ~ O6 MRT station." International Journal of GEOMATE. 14 (43), pp. 104-111. https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.43.291117
Stability charts for unsupported plane strain tunnel headings in homogeneous undrained clay
Shiau, Jim, Sams, Mathew, Al-Asadi, Fadhil and Mirza Hassan, Mohammad. 2018. "Stability charts for unsupported plane strain tunnel headings in homogeneous undrained clay." International Journal of GEOMATE. 14 (41), pp. 19-26. https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.41.29138
Estimation of tunneling induced ground settlement using pressure relaxation method
Shiau, Jim and Sams, Mathew. 2017. "Estimation of tunneling induced ground settlement using pressure relaxation method." International Journal of GEOMATE. 13 (39), pp. 132-139. https://doi.org/10.21660/2017.39.85076
Stability charts for unsupported circular tunnels in cohesive soils
Shiau, Jim, Lamb, Brian, Sams, Mathew and Lobwein, Jay. 2017. "Stability charts for unsupported circular tunnels in cohesive soils." International Journal of GEOMATE. 13 (39), pp. 95-102. https://doi.org/10.21660/2017.39.47674
Oil contaminated sand: an emerging and sustainable construction material
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan, Lokuge, Weena and Shiau, Jim. 2015. "Oil contaminated sand: an emerging and sustainable construction material." 2015 International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction. Chicago, United States 10 - 13 May 2015 Netherlands. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.453
Stability design charts for unsupported wide rectangular tunnels
Shiau, Jim, Sams, Mathew and Chen, Jing. 2016. "Stability design charts for unsupported wide rectangular tunnels." Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 21 (01), pp. 139-150.
Developing a project based learning assignment for geotechnical engineering
Shiau, Jim, Buttling, Stephen and Sams, Mathew. 2015. "Developing a project based learning assignment for geotechnical engineering." Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 20 (18), pp. 10113-10121.
Stability charts for a tall tunnel in undrained clay
Shiau, Jim, Sams, Mathew and Chen, Jing. 2016. "Stability charts for a tall tunnel in undrained clay." International Journal of GEOMATE. 10 (20), pp. 1764-1769.
The use of sinkhole models in advanced geotechnical engineering teaching
Shiau, Jim, Lamb, Brian and Sams, Mathew. 2016. "The use of sinkhole models in advanced geotechnical engineering teaching." International Journal of GEOMATE. 10 (20), pp. 1718-1724.
Introducing advanced topics in geotechnical engineering teaching - tunnel modelling
Shiau, Jim, Sams, Mathew and Lamb, Brian. 2016. "Introducing advanced topics in geotechnical engineering teaching - tunnel modelling." International Journal of GEOMATE. 10 (19), pp. 1698-1705.
Physical modelling and PIV analyses of an underground tunnel heading
Shiau, J. S., Sams, M. S. and Kemp, R. J.. 2014. "Physical modelling and PIV analyses of an underground tunnel heading." Yoo, Chungsik, Park, Seong-Wan, Kim, Bumjoo and Ban, Hoki (ed.) 8th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground (TC204 ISSMGE IS-SEOUL 2014). Seoul, Korea 25 - 27 Aug 2014 Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17240-12
Settlement analyses of underground circular tunneling in soft clay
Shiau, J. S., Sams, M. S., Zhang, J. and Kemp, R. J.. 2014. "Settlement analyses of underground circular tunneling in soft clay." Yoo, Chungsik, Park, Seong-Wan, Kim, Bumjoo and Ban, Hoki (ed.) 8th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground (TC204 ISSMGE IS-SEOUL 2014). Seoul, Korea 25 - 27 Aug 2014 Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17240-63
Contaminated soil/groundwater remediation using Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) techniques
Craig, Ian, Shiau, Jim and Erdei, Laszlo. 2012. "Contaminated soil/groundwater remediation using Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) techniques." 2012 Southern Regional Engineering Conference (SREC 2012). Toowoomba, Australia 01 Sep 2012 Canberra, Australia.
An overview on oil contaminated sand and its engineering applications
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan, Shiau, Jim and Lokuge, Weena. 2016. "An overview on oil contaminated sand and its engineering applications." International Journal of GEOMATE. 10 (19), pp. 1615-1622.
Effect of light hydrocarbons contamination on shear strength of fine sand
Abousnina, Rajab M., Shiau, Jim, Manalo, Allan and Lokuge, Weena. 2014. "Effect of light hydrocarbons contamination on shear strength of fine sand." Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim (ed.) 4th International Conference on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment (GEOMATE 2014). Brisbane, Australia 19 - 21 Nov 2014 Mie, Japan.
Effects of light crude oil contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of fine sand
Abousnina, Rajab M., Manalo, Allan, Shiau, Jim and Lokuge, Weena. 2015. "Effects of light crude oil contamination on the physical and mechanical properties of fine sand." Soil and Sediment Contamination: an international journal. 24 (8), pp. 833-845. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2015.1058338
Numerical investigation of stability and settlement of tunnels in undrained clay
Sams, Mathew S.. 2016. Numerical investigation of stability and settlement of tunnels in undrained clay. Masters Thesis Master of Engineering (Research). University of Southern Queensland.
Effect of surface traction on the shakedown limits under moving surface loads
Shiau, Jim. 2007. "Effect of surface traction on the shakedown limits under moving surface loads." Choi, Chang-Koon (ed.) Computational Methods in Engineering & Science: Proceedings of Enhancement and Promotion of Computational Methods in Engineering and Science X, Aug. 21–23, 2006, Sanya, China. Springer. pp. 192-201
Shakedown analysis of layered continuum
Shiau, Jim. 2013. "Shakedown analysis of layered continuum." Vimonsatit, Vanissorn, Singh, Amarjit and Yazdani, Siamak (ed.) 1st Australasia and South East Asia Conference in Structural Engineering and Construction (ASEA-SEC-1). Perth, Australia 28 Nov - 02 Dec 2012 Singapore. https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_St-100-0307
Developing numerical models for the design of cantilever sheet pile wall
Shiau, Jim and Smith, Catherine. 2013. "Developing numerical models for the design of cantilever sheet pile wall." Vimonsatit, Vanissorn, Singh, Amarjit and Yazdani, Siamak (ed.) 1st Australasia and South East Asia Conference in Structural Engineering and Construction (ASEA-SEC-1). Perth, Australia 28 Nov - 02 Dec 2012 Singapore.
A shakedown limit under Hertz contact pressure
Shiau, Jim S.. 2011. "A shakedown limit under Hertz contact pressure." Advanced Materials Research. 291-294, pp. 1506-1510. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.291-294.1506
Undrained stability of footings on slopes
Shiau, J. S., Merifield, R. S., Lyamin, A. V. and Sloan, S. W.. 2011. "Undrained stability of footings on slopes." International Journal of Geomechanics. 11 (5), pp. 381-390. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000092
Teaching earth pressure theory using physical models: an example in civil engineering
Shiau, Jim S. and Hobson, Michael A.. 2011. "Teaching earth pressure theory using physical models: an example in civil engineering." Patil, Arun and Sid Nair, Chenicheri (ed.) 1st International Engineering and Technology Education Conference (IETEC 2011): Enhancing 21st Century Skills for Global Engineers and Technology Professionals. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 16 - 19 Jan 2011 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
A study on the failure mechanisms of horizontal plate anchors in clay
Shiau, Jim and Al Abri, Mohammed. 2011. "A study on the failure mechanisms of horizontal plate anchors in clay." Shahin, M. and Nikraz, H. (ed.) ICAGE 2011: International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering. Perth, Australia 07 - 09 Nov 2011 Perth, Australia.
Modeling uplift of plate anchor
Shiau, J. S. and Hobson, M. A.. 2011. "Modeling uplift of plate anchor." Sainsbury, David, Hart, Roger, Detournay, Christine and Nelson, Michele (ed.) Continuum and Distinct Element Numerical Modeling in Geomechanics (2011). Melbourne, Australia 14 - 16 Feb 2011 Minneapolis, MN. USA.
Calculation of lateral earth pressures with layered backfill
Shiau, J. S. and Smith, C. A.. 2011. "Calculation of lateral earth pressures with layered backfill." Sainsbury, David, Hart, Roger, Detournay, Christine and Nelson, Michele (ed.) Continuum and Distinct Element Numerical Modeling in Geomechanics (2011). Melbourne, Australia 14 - 16 Feb 2011 Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Finite element limit analysis of passive earth resistance in cohesionless soils
Shiau, Jim S., Augarde, Charles E., Lyamin, Andrei V. and Sloan, Scott W.. 2008. "Finite element limit analysis of passive earth resistance in cohesionless soils." Soils and Foundations. 48 (6), pp. 843-850.
3D bearing capacity of shallow foundations located near deep excavation sites
Shiau, J. S. and Watson, J. F.. 2008. "3D bearing capacity of shallow foundations located near deep excavation sites." Ng, Kee Nam (ed.) 2008 International Conference on Deep Excavation: Challenges Risk Management of Underground Construction (ICDE 2008). Singapore 10 - 12 Nov 2008 Singapore.
Foundation located near slope: a FLAC study
Shiau, Jim S., Watson, Joshua F. and Smith, C. A.. 2008. "Foundation located near slope: a FLAC study." Detournay, Christine and Hart, Roger (ed.) 1st International FLAC/DEM Symposium on Numerical Modeling. Minneapolis, United States of America 25 - 27 Aug 2008 Minneapolis, USA.
A FLAC model for classical earth pressure problems
Shiau, Jim S., Thomas, Caroline J. and Smith, Catherine A.. 2008. "A FLAC model for classical earth pressure problems." Detournay, Christine, Hart, Roger and Cundall, Peter (ed.) 1st International FLAC/DEM Symposium on Numerical Modeling. Minneapolis, United States of America 25 - 27 Aug 2008 Minneapolis. USA..
Numerical study of a shallow foundation located near 45 degree slopes
Shiau, Jim S., Watson, Joshua Francis and Arnold, Matthew David. 2008. "Numerical study of a shallow foundation located near 45 degree slopes." Choi, Chang-Koon (ed.) ASEM 2008: 4th International Conference on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics. Jeju, Korea 26 - 28 May 2008 Jeju, Korea.
Modelling the arching effect in active earth pressure problems
Thomas, Caroline and Shiau, Jim S.. 2007. "Modelling the arching effect in active earth pressure problems." Ameratunga, Jay, Taylor, Brett C. and Patten, Matthew (ed.) 10th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics. Brisbane, Australia 21 - 24 Oct 2007 Brisbane, Australia.
Bearing capacity of footings near slopes
Smith, Catherine and Shiau, Jim S.. 2007. "Bearing capacity of footings near slopes." Ameratunga, Jay, Taylor, Brett C. and Patten, Matthew (ed.) 10th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics. Brisbane, Australia 21 - 24 Oct 2007 Brisbane, Australia.
Numerical investigation of shakedown residual stresses under moving surface loads
Shiau, Jim S.. 2006. "Numerical investigation of shakedown residual stresses under moving surface loads." Soares, Carlos Mota (ed.) 3rd European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM 2006). Lisbon, Portugal 05 - 08 Jun 2006 Netherlands.
Application of pseudo-static limit analysis in geotechnical earthquake design
Shiau, Jim S., Lyamin, Andrei V. and Sloan, Scott W.. 2006. "Application of pseudo-static limit analysis in geotechnical earthquake design." Schweiger, Helmut F. (ed.) 6th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering. Graz, Austria 06 - 08 Sep 2006 London, United Kingdom.
Numerical analysis of passive earth pressures with interfaces
Shiau, Jim and Smith, Catherine. 2006. "Numerical analysis of passive earth pressures with interfaces." Soares, Carlos Mota (ed.) 3rd European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM 2006). Lisbon, Portugal 05 - 08 Jun 2006 Netherlands.
Developing a track model for testing the road pavement under repeated moving surface loads
Shiau, Jim S., Perumal, Tagarajan, Benjamin, Michael, Pather, Selvan and Ayers, Ron. 2006. "Developing a track model for testing the road pavement under repeated moving surface loads." 22nd ARRB Conference: Research Into Practice. Canberra, Australia 29 Oct - 02 Nov 2006 Canberra, Australia.
Developing physical models for geotechnical teaching and research
Shiau, Jim S., Pather, Selvan and Ayers, Ron. 2006. "Developing physical models for geotechnical teaching and research." Ng, C. W. W., Zhang, L. M. and Wang, Y. H. (ed.) 6th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics. Hong Kong, China 04 - 06 Aug 2006 Hong Kong.
Bearing capacity of a sand layer on clay by finite element limit analysis
Shiau, J. S., Lyamin, A. V. and Sloan, S. W.. 2003. "Bearing capacity of a sand layer on clay by finite element limit analysis." Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 40 (5), pp. 900-915. https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-042