Identifying human elephant conflict hotspots through satellite remote sensing and GIS to support conflict mitigation
Article
Gunawansa, Thakshila D., Perera, Kithsiri, Apan, Armando and Hettiarachchi, Nandita K.. 2024. "Identifying human elephant conflict hotspots through satellite remote sensing and GIS to support conflict mitigation
." Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment. 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101261
| Article Title | Identifying human elephant conflict hotspots through satellite remote sensing and GIS to support conflict mitigation |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 211288 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Gunawansa, Thakshila D., Perera, Kithsiri, Apan, Armando and Hettiarachchi, Nandita K. |
| Journal Title | Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment |
| Journal Citation | 35 |
| Number of Pages | 17 |
| Year | 2024 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Place of Publication | Netherlands |
| ISSN | 2352-9385 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101261 |
| Web Address (URL) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352938524001253 |
| Abstract | Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is a significant issue in Sri Lanka and many parts of the world where elephants and humans coexist. To address HEC, this study integrates remote sensing and GIS analysis, focusing on monitoring changes in greenery. The study prepared the latest land cover and land use (LCLU) maps with Sentinel-2 satellite data, correlating them with reported HEC incidents reported in 2021 and 2022 to identify HEC hotspots in two forest-dominated regions of Southeast Sri Lanka. High-resolution sentinel-2 satellite imagery were used to detect areas of human activities and elephant habitats in proximity to each other. Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification methods were used for LCLU classification. The overall accuracy of the classification was 97.31 and 94.62, and kappa was 0.95 and 0.90 for RF and SVM, respectively. Multi-temporal normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis provided insights into vegetation health and coverage, offering a clear picture of greenery changes. Monthly changes in vegetation cover readings were quantified using NDVI values derived from MODIS data, identifying suitable regions for elephants to forage frequently. Furthermore, Kernel density estimation identified high-density areas for reported incidents of human and elephant deaths. This process involved assigning weight to conflict incidents within a 5 km radius, considering the proximity to the forest, and evaluating greenery changes using NDVI values, revealing varying levels of HEC risk, ranging from very high to low. The LCLU map, created |
| Keywords | Human-elephant conflict, Remote sensing, GIS analysis, Land cover and land use classification, MODIS data, Random forest, Support vector machine |
| Related Output | |
| Is part of | Demarcating High-Risk Zones of Human-Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka Utilizing GIS and a Satellite Data Fusion Approach |
| Article Publishing Charge (APC) Funding | School/Centre |
| Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 401304. Photogrammetry and remote sensing |
| Public Notes | This article is part of a UniSQ Thesis by publication. See Related Output. |
| Byline Affiliations | School of Surveying and Built Environment |
| Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka | |
| University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka |
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Dayal, Kavina S., Deo, Ravinesh C. and Apan, Armando A.. 2018. "Spatio-temporal drought risk mapping approach and its application in the drought-prone region of south-east Queensland, Australia." Natural Hazards. 93 (2), pp. 823-847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3326-8Investigating drought duration-severity-intensity characteristics using the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index: case studies in drought-prone Southeast Queensland
Dayal, Kavina S., Deo, Ravinesh C. and Apan, Armando A.. 2018. "Investigating drought duration-severity-intensity characteristics using the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index: case studies in drought-prone Southeast Queensland." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 23 (1), p. 05017029. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001593Soil C quantities of mangrove forests, their competing land uses, and their spatial distribution in the coast of Honda Bay, Philippines
Castillo, Jose Alan A., Apan, Armando A., Maraseni, Tek Narayan and Salmo, Severino G., III. 2017. "Soil C quantities of mangrove forests, their competing land uses, and their spatial distribution in the coast of Honda Bay, Philippines." Geoderma. 293, pp. 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.025The rate, extent and spatial predictors of forest loss (2000-2012) in the terrestrial protected areas of the Philippines
Apan, Armando, Suarez, Luz Angelica, Maraseni, Tek and Castillo, Jose Alan. 2017. "The rate, extent and spatial predictors of forest loss (2000-2012) in the terrestrial protected areas of the Philippines." Applied Geography. 81, pp. 32-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.02.007Savanna burning methodology for fire management and emissions reduction: a critical review of influencing factors
Maraseni, Tek Narayan, Reardon‑Smith, Kathryn, Griffiths, Greg and Apan, Armando. 2016. "Savanna burning methodology for fire management and emissions reduction: a critical review of influencing factors." Carbon Balance and Management. 11, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0067-4Soil greenhouse gas fluxes in tropical mangrove forests and in land uses on deforested mangrove lands
Castillo, Jose Alan A., Apan, Armando A., Maraseni, Tek N. and Salmo, Severino G., III. 2017. "Soil greenhouse gas fluxes in tropical mangrove forests and in land uses on deforested mangrove lands." Catena. 159, pp. 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.08.005Estimation and mapping of above-ground biomass of mangrove forests and their replacement land uses in the Philippines using Sentinel imagery
Castillo, Jose Alan A., Apan, Armando A., Maraseni, Tek N. and Salmo, Severino G., III. 2017. "Estimation and mapping of above-ground biomass of mangrove forests and their replacement land uses in the Philippines using Sentinel imagery." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 134, pp. 70-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.10.016Hyperspectral sensing to detect the impact of herbicide drift on cotton growth and yield
Suarez, L. A., Apan, Armando and Werth, Jeff. 2016. "Hyperspectral sensing to detect the impact of herbicide drift on cotton growth and yield." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 120, pp. 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.08.004Groundwater decline and climatic variability: Implications for groundwater linked agro-ecosystems
Le Brocque, Andrew F., Kath, Jarrod, Reardon-Smith, Kate and Apan, Armando. 2016. "Groundwater decline and climatic variability: Implications for groundwater linked agro-ecosystems." 2016 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2016). Fremantle, Australia 29 Nov - 02 Dec 2016 Australia.Vulnerability assessment of urban community and critical infrastructures for integrated flood risk management and climate adaptation strategies
Espada, Rudolf, Apan, Armando and McDougall, Kevin. 2017. "Vulnerability assessment of urban community and critical infrastructures for integrated flood risk management and climate adaptation strategies." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment. 8 (4), pp. 375-411. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2015-0010Supporting elephant conservation in Sri Lanka through MODIS imagery
Perera, Kithsiri and Tateishi, Ryutaro. 2012. "Supporting elephant conservation in Sri Lanka through MODIS imagery." Entekhabi, Dara, Honda, Yoshiaki, Sawada, Haruo, Shi, Jiancheng and Oki, Taikan (ed.) Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Conference (SPIE 2012) . Kyoto, Japan 29 Oct - 01 Nov 2012 Japan. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.979382Application of hybrid artificial neural network algorithm for the prediction of Standardized Precipitation Index
Dayal, Kavina S., Deo, Ravinesh C. and Apan, Armando A.. 2016. "Application of hybrid artificial neural network algorithm for the prediction of Standardized Precipitation Index." 2016 IEEE Region 10 International Conference: Technologies for Smart Nation (TENCON 2016). Singapore 22 - 25 Nov 2016 Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.2016.7848588
Application of Modis data to assess the latest forest cover changes of Sri Lanka
Perera, Kithsiri, Herath, Srikantha, Apan, Armando and Tateishi, Ryutaro. 2013. "Application of Modis data to assess the latest forest cover changes of Sri Lanka." Ogleby, Cliff (ed.) 22nd Annual Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science Congress (ISPRS 2012): Imaging a Sustainable Future. Melbourne, Australia 25 Aug - 01 Sep 2012 Australia. Copernicus GmbH. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-I-7-165-2012Impact of climate change on water resources in MENA countries: an assessment of temporal changes of land cover/land use and water resources using multi-temporal MODIS and Landsat data and GIS techniques
Pathirana, Sumith, Perera, Kithsiri and Hobeichi, Sanaa. 2015. "Impact of climate change on water resources in MENA countries: an assessment of temporal changes of land cover/land use and water resources using multi-temporal MODIS and Landsat data and GIS techniques." International Symposium on Remote Sensing (ISRS 2015). Tainan, Taiwan 22 - 24 Apr 2015Detection of phenoxy herbicide dosage in cotton crops through the analysis of hyperspectral data
Suarez, L. A., Apan, Armando and Werth, J.. 2017. "Detection of phenoxy herbicide dosage in cotton crops through the analysis of hyperspectral data." International Journal of Remote Sensing. 38 (23), pp. 6528-6553. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1362128Delineation of management zones using multiple crop yield data
Basnet, Badri, Kelly, Rob, Jensen, Troy, Strong, Wayne, Apan, Armando and Butler, David. 2003. "Delineation of management zones using multiple crop yield data." 16th Triennial Congress of the International Soil Tillage Research Organisation (ISTRO 2003). Brisbane, Australia 13 - 18 Jul 2003 Brisbane, Australia.Correlating high resolution aerial imagery with wheat yield and protein content
Apan, A., Kelly, R., Jensen, T., Strong, W. and Butler, D.. 2004. "Correlating high resolution aerial imagery with wheat yield and protein content." Smith, Richard and Dawbin, Ken (ed.) 12th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conference (ARSPC 2004): To Measure is to Manage. Fremantle, Australia 18 - 22 Oct 2004 Adelaide, Australia.Spectral discrimination and classification of sugarcane varieties using EO-1 hyperion hyperspectral imagery
Apan, Armando, Held, Alex, Phinn, Stuart and Markley, John. 2004. "Spectral discrimination and classification of sugarcane varieties using EO-1 hyperion hyperspectral imagery." 25th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS 2004). Chiang Mai, Thailand 22 - 26 Nov 2004 China.Application of aerial imagery to analyse on-farm trials
Basnet, B., Kelly, R., Jensen, T., Kane, T., Apan, A. and Butler, D.. 2002. "Application of aerial imagery to analyse on-farm trials." 11th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conference (ARSPC2002): Images to Information. Brisbane, Australia 02 - 06 Sep 2002 Australia.Capturing of remotely sensed images to advance the use of yield maps and other spatial information to improve crop management and forecasting
Jensen, T., Apan, A., Young, F. and Zeller, L.. 2002. "Capturing of remotely sensed images to advance the use of yield maps and other spatial information to improve crop management and forecasting." 11th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conference (ARSPC2002): Images to Information. Brisbane, Australia 02 - 06 Sep 2002 Adelaide, Australia.Spectral discrimination and separability analysis of agricultural crops and soil attributes using ASTER imagery
Apan, Armando, Kelly, Rob, Jensen, Troy, Butler, David, Strong, Wayne and Basnet, Badri. 2002. "Spectral discrimination and separability analysis of agricultural crops and soil attributes using ASTER imagery." 11th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conference (ARSPC2002): Images to Information. Brisbane, Australia 02 - 06 Sep 2002 Adelaide, Australia.Quantifying landscape fragmentation in the Lockyer Valley Catchment, Queensland: 1973 – 1997
Apan, Armando A., Raine, Steven R. and Paterson, Mark S.. 2000. "Quantifying landscape fragmentation in the Lockyer Valley Catchment, Queensland: 1973 – 1997." AURISA 2000 Conference (AURISA 2000). Coolum, Australia 20 - 24 Nov 2000Image analysis techniques for assessing landscape structural change: a case study of the Lockyer Valley Catchment, Queensland
Apan, Armando A., Raine, Steven R. and Paterson, Mark S.. 2000. "Image analysis techniques for assessing landscape structural change: a case study of the Lockyer Valley Catchment, Queensland." 10th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conference (ARSPC 2000). Adelaide, Australia 21 - 25 Aug 2000Assisting mitigation of bushfire threat in regional Australia through MODIS imagery based media GIS
Perera, Kithsiri, Tateishi, Ryutaro and Herath, Srikantha. 2015. "Assisting mitigation of bushfire threat in regional Australia through MODIS imagery based media GIS." 23rd CEReS International Symposium, the 18th Symposium on Environment Remote Sensing, the 3rd Symposium on Microsatellites for Remote Sensing 2015. Chiba, Japan 01 - 02 Dec 2015 Chiba, Japan.Vulnerability assessment and interdependency analysis of critical infrastructures for climate adaptation and flood mitigation
Espada Jr., Rodolfo, Apan, Armando and McDougall, Kevin. 2015. "Vulnerability assessment and interdependency analysis of critical infrastructures for climate adaptation and flood mitigation." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment. 6 (3), pp. 313-346. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-02-2014-0019MODIS data based semi-real time media GIS contents to support natural disaster mitigation
Perera, Kithsiri and Tateishi, Ryutaro. 2014. "MODIS data based semi-real time media GIS contents to support natural disaster mitigation." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 1 (2).Assessing land use of lower Mekong basin using multi-temporal MODIS imagery
Perera, Kithsiri, Herath, Srikantha and Tateishi, Ryutaro. 2014. "Assessing land use of lower Mekong basin using multi-temporal MODIS imagery." 57th Autumn Conference of the Remote Sensing Society of Japan (RSSJ 2014). Kyoto, Japan 06 - 07 Nov 2014 Tokyo, Japan.Prioritising carbon sequestration areas in southern Queensland using time series MODIS net primary productivity (NPP) imagery
Apan, A., Suarez Cadavid, L. A., Richardson, L. and Maraseni, T.. 2014. "Prioritising carbon sequestration areas in southern Queensland using time series MODIS net primary productivity (NPP) imagery." Dadhwal, V. K., Seshasai, M. V. R., Hakeem, A., Diwakar, P. G. and Raju, P. L. N. (ed.) Technical Commission 8th Mid-Term Symposium (ISPRS 2014). Hyderabad, India 09 - 12 Dec 2014 Goettingen, Germany. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-549-2014Spectral discrimination of bulloak (Allocasuarina luehmannii) and associated woodland for habitat mapping of the endangered bulloak jewel butterfly (Hypochrysops piceata) in southern Queensland
Zainol Abdullah, Wan Nor Zanariah, Apan, Armando A., Maraseni, Tek N. and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2014. "Spectral discrimination of bulloak (Allocasuarina luehmannii) and associated woodland for habitat mapping of the endangered bulloak jewel butterfly (Hypochrysops piceata) in southern Queensland." Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. 8 (1), pp. 083561-1. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.8.083561Spatial modelling of natural disaster risk reduction policies with Markov decision processes
Espada Jr., Rodolfo, Apan, Armando and McDougall, Kevin. 2014. "Spatial modelling of natural disaster risk reduction policies with Markov decision processes." Applied Geography. 53, pp. 284-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.06.021The impact of varying statutory arrangements on spatial data sharing and access in regional NRM bodies
Paudyal, D. R., McDougall, K. and Apan, A.. 2014. "The impact of varying statutory arrangements on spatial data sharing and access in regional NRM bodies." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. II (8), pp. 193-197. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-8-193-2014Mapping Mekong River Basin land cover to support food production
Perera, Kithsiri, Herath, Srikantha and Tateishi, Ryutaro. 2013. "Mapping Mekong River Basin land cover to support food production." 55th Autumn Conference of the Remote Sensing Society of Japan. Fukushima, Japan 21 - 22 Nov 2013Effects of spatial resolution on measurement of landscape function using the landscape leakiness calculator
Dunwoody, Ernest, Apan, Armando and Liu, Xiaoye. 2013. "Effects of spatial resolution on measurement of landscape function using the landscape leakiness calculator." Surveying and Spatial Sciences Conference (SSSC 2013): Collect, Connect, Capitalise. Canberra, Australia 17 - 19 Apr 2013 Canberra, Australia.Application of MODIS data to assess the latest forest cover changes of Sri Lanka
Perera, Kithsiri. 2013. "Application of MODIS data to assess the latest forest cover changes of Sri Lanka." Asian Journal of Geoinformatics. 13 (1), pp. 1-8.Developing spatial information sharing strategies across natural resource management communities
Paudyal, Dev Raj, McDougall, Kevin and Apan, Armando. 2013. "Developing spatial information sharing strategies across natural resource management communities." Onsrud, Harlan and Rajabifard, Abbas (ed.) Spatial Enablement in Support of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction: Research, Development and Education Perspectives. Needham, MA, USA. GSDI Association Press. pp. 141-168Using spatial modelling to develop flood risk and climate adaptation capacity metrics for vulnerability assessments of urban community and critical water supply infrastructure
Espada Jr., Rodolfo, Apan, Armando and McDougall, Kevin. 2013. "Using spatial modelling to develop flood risk and climate adaptation capacity metrics for vulnerability assessments of urban community and critical water supply infrastructure." Featherstone, Jeffrey (ed.) 49th World Congress of the International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISOCARP 2013): Frontiers of Planning: Evolving and Declining Models of City Planning Practice. Brisbane, Australia 01 - 04 Oct 2013 Netherlands.Adaptation and resilience in two flood-prone Queensland communities
King, David, Apan, Armando, Keogh, Diane and Thomas, Melanie. 2013. "Adaptation and resilience in two flood-prone Queensland communities." Boulter, Sarah, Palutikof, Jean, Karoly, David John and Guitart, Daniella (ed.) Natural disasters and adaptation to climate change. New York, NY. United States. Cambridge University Press. pp. 95-106Using spatial modelling to develop flood risk and climate adaptation capacity metrics for assessing urban community and critical electricity infrastructure vulnerability
Espada Jr., R., Apan, A. and McDougall, K.. 2013. "Using spatial modelling to develop flood risk and climate adaptation capacity metrics for assessing urban community and critical electricity infrastructure vulnerability." Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R. S. and Boland, J. (ed.) 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Adelaide, Australia 01 - 06 Dec 2013 Australia. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand . https://doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.L1.espadaUnderstanding the January 2011 Queensland flood: the role of geographic interdependency in flood risk assessment for urban community
Espada Jr., Rodolfo, Apan, Armando and McDougall, Kevin. 2013. "Understanding the January 2011 Queensland flood: the role of geographic interdependency in flood risk assessment for urban community." Australian and New Zealand Disaster and Emergency Management Conference (ANZDMC 2013): Earth: Fire and Rain. Brisbane, Australia 28 - 30 May 2013 Gold Coast, Australia.