Towards a more reliable historical reanalysis: improvements for version 3 of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis system
Article
Article Title | Towards a more reliable historical reanalysis: improvements for version 3 of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis system |
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ERA Journal ID | 1987 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Slivinski, Laura C. (Author), Compo, Gilbert P. (Author), Whitaker, Jeffrey S. (Author), Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. (Author), Giese, Benjamin S. (Author), McColl, Chesley (Author), Allan, Rob (Author), Yin, Xungang (Author), Vose, Russell (Author), Titchner, Holly (Author), Kennedy, John (Author), Spencer, Lawrence J. (Author), Ashcroft, Linden (Author), Bronnimann, Stefan (Author), Brunet, Manola (Author), Camuffo, Dario (Author), Cornes, Richard (Author), Cram, Thomas A. (Author), Crouthamel, Richard (Author), Dominguez‐Castro, Fernando (Author), Freeman, J. Eric (Author), Gergis, Joelle (Author), Hawkins, Ed (Author), Jones, Philip D. (Author), Jourdain, Sylvie (Author), Kaplan, Alexey (Author), Kubota, Hisayuki (Author), Le Blancq, Frank (Author), Lee, Tsz‐Cheung (Author), Lorrey, Andrew (Author), Luterbacher, Jurg (Author), Maugeri, Maurizio (Author), Mock, Cary J. (Author), Moore, G. W. Kent (Author), Przybylak, Rajmund (Author), Pudmenzky, Christa (Author), Reason, Chris (Author), Slonosky, Victoria C. (Author), Smith, Catherine A. (Author), Tinz, Birger (Author), Trewin, Blair (Author), Valente, Maria Antonia (Author), Wang, Xiaolan L. (Author), Wilkinson, Clive (Author), Wood, Kevin (Author) and Wyszynski, Przemysław (Author) |
Journal Title | Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
Journal Citation | 145 (724), pp. 2876-2908 |
Number of Pages | 33 |
Year | 2019 |
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons |
Place of Publication | United Kingdom |
ISSN | 0035-9009 |
1477-870X | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3598 |
Abstract | Historical reanalyses that span more than a century are needed for a wide range of studies, from understanding large‐scale climate trends to diagnosing the impacts of individual historical extreme weather events. The Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) Project is an effort to fill this need. It is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and is facilitated by collaboration with the international Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth initiative. 20CR is the first ensemble of sub‐daily global atmospheric conditions spanning over 100 years. This provides a best estimate of the weather at any given place and time as well as an estimate of its confidence and uncertainty. While extremely useful, version 2c of this dataset (20CRv2c) has several significant issues, including inaccurate estimates of confidence and a global sea level pressure bias in the mid‐19th century. These and other issues can reduce its effectiveness for studies at many spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, the 20CR system underwent a series of developments to generate a significant new version of the reanalysis. The version 3 system (NOAA‐CIRES‐DOE 20CRv3) uses upgraded data assimilation methods including an adaptive inflation algorithm; has a newer, higher‐resolution forecast model that specifies dry air mass; and assimilates a larger set of pressure observations. These changes have improved the ensemble‐based estimates of confidence, removed spin‐up effects in the precipitation fields, and diminished the sea‐level pressure bias. Other improvements include more accurate representations of storm intensity, smaller errors, and large‐scale reductions in model bias. The 20CRv3 system is comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the aspects that have ameliorated issues in 20CRv2c. Despite the many improvements, some challenges remain, including a systematic bias in tropical precipitation and time‐varying biases in southern high‐latitude pressure fields. |
Keywords | data assimilation, reanalysis, surface pressure, 20CRv3 |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 370199. Atmospheric sciences not elsewhere classified |
370108. Meteorology | |
370105. Atmospheric dynamics | |
Public Notes | Files associated with this item cannot be displayed due to copyright restrictions. |
Byline Affiliations | University of Colorado Boulder, United States |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States | |
Texas A&M University, United States | |
Met Office, United Kingdom | |
Riverside Technology, United States | |
National Centers for Environmental Information, United States | |
University of Melbourne | |
University of Bern, Switzerland | |
University of Rovira i Virgili, Spain | |
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italy | |
National Oceanography Centre, United Kingdom | |
National Center for Atmospheric Research, United States | |
International Environmental Data Rescue Organization, United States | |
Pyrenean Ecology Institute, Spain | |
Australian National University | |
University of Reading, United Kingdom | |
University of East Anglia, United Kingdom | |
Meteo France, France | |
Columbia University, United States | |
Hokkaido University, Japan | |
Island of Jersey Meteorological Department, United Kingdom | |
Hong Kong Observatory, China | |
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand | |
Justus Liebig-University Giessen, Germany | |
University of Milan, Italy | |
University of South Carolina, United States | |
University of Toronto, Canada | |
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland | |
Centre for Applied Climate Sciences | |
University of Cape Town, South Africa | |
McGill University, Canada | |
German Meteorological Service | |
University of Lisbon, Portugal | |
Environment and Climate Change, Canada | |
University of Washington, United States | |
Institution of Origin | University of Southern Queensland |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/q55w7/towards-a-more-reliable-historical-reanalysis-improvements-for-version-3-of-the-twentieth-century-reanalysis-system
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