Product of serum calcium and phosphorus (Ca× PO4) as predictor of cardiovascular disease risk in predialysis patients

Article


Regmi, Prashant, Malla, Bimala, Gyawali, Prajwal, Sigdel, Manoj, Shrestha, Rojeet, Shah, Dibya Singh and Khanal, Madhav Prasad. 2014. "Product of serum calcium and phosphorus (Ca× PO4) as predictor of cardiovascular disease risk in predialysis patients." Clinical Biochemistry. 47 (1-2), pp. 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.09.012
Article Title

Product of serum calcium and phosphorus (Ca× PO4) as predictor of cardiovascular disease risk in predialysis patients

ERA Journal ID15237
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsRegmi, Prashant, Malla, Bimala, Gyawali, Prajwal, Sigdel, Manoj, Shrestha, Rojeet, Shah, Dibya Singh and Khanal, Madhav Prasad
Journal TitleClinical Biochemistry
Journal Citation47 (1-2), pp. 77-81
Number of Pages5
YearJan 2014
PublisherElsevier
Place of PublicationUnited States
ISSN0009-9120
1873-2933
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.09.012
Web Address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912013004438
Abstract

Objectives
The mortality rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is very high due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which cannot be fully justified by traditional CVD markers. Since, mineral bone disorder is common in CKD, product of serum calcium and phosphorus (Ca × PO4) can be a predictor of future CVD. So, our study aims to assess the utility of higher Ca × PO4 in prediction of CVD risk in predialysis CKD patients.

Design and methods
150 CKD patients defined by NKF-KDOQI guideline not undergoing dialysis were recruited. Anthropometric and electrocardiographic parameters were recorded. We evaluated CVD risk by: i) Biochemical CVD markers, ii) NCEP ATP III guideline postulated risk factors and iii) Framingham risk scores.

Results
Higher Ca × PO4 is associated with presence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, oxidative stress, microinflammation, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and increased LDLc. Compared to cases with Ca × PO4 < 55 mg2/dL2, cases with ≥ 55 mg2/dL2 had relative risk (RR) of 1.82 (95% CI 1.25-2.64) for CVD, 3.24 (95% CI 2.37-4.41) for stroke and 2.43 (95% CI 1.37-4.31) for coronary heart disease (CHD). Moreover, compared to lowest quartile of Ca x PO4, the highest quartile group had RR of 2.13 (95% CI 1.06-4.28) for CVD, 2.61(95% CI 1.80-3.75) for stroke and 2.84 (95% CI 1.15-7.0) for CHD.

Conclusion
In predialysis patients, higher Ca × PO4 is independent predictor of CVD risk.

KeywordsCalcium x phosphorus; Chronic kidney disease; Cardiovascular risk; Predialysis
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020320214. Nephrology and urology
320101. Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)
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Byline AffiliationsNepal Medical College, Nepal
Charité – Berlin University Medicine, Germany
Charles Sturt University
Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal
Hokkaido University, Japan
TU Teaching Hospital, Nepal
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