Two-Part Print Head Mixing of Hybrid Alkali-Activated Cement for Buildability Enhancement in 3D Concrete Printing

Paper

Ramakrishnan, Sayanthan, Pasupathy, Kirubajiny, Mechtcherine, Viktor and Sanjayan, Jay. 2024. "Two-Part Print Head Mixing of Hybrid Alkali-Activated Cement for Buildability Enhancement in 3D Concrete Printing." 4th International Conference on 3D Construction Printing (4-IC3DcP). Singapore 19 - 21 Jul 2023 Switzerland . Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64269-2_2
Paper/Presentation Title

Two-Part Print Head Mixing of Hybrid Alkali-Activated Cement for Buildability Enhancement in 3D Concrete Printing

Presentation TypePaper
AuthorsRamakrishnan, Sayanthan, Pasupathy, Kirubajiny, Mechtcherine, Viktor and Sanjayan, Jay
Journal or Proceedings TitleProceedings of the 4th International Conference on 3D Construction Printing (4-IC3DcP)
Journal Citationpp. 10-17
Number of Pages8
Year2024
PublisherSpringer
Place of PublicationSwitzerland
ISBN9783031642692
9783031642715
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64269-2_2
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-64269-2_2
Web Address (URL) of Conference Proceedingshttps://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-64269-2
Conference/Event 4th International Conference on 3D Construction Printing (4-IC3DcP)
Event Details
4th International Conference on 3D Construction Printing (4-IC3DcP)
3DcP 2023
Delivery
In person
Event Date
19 to end of 21 Jul 2023
Event Location
Singapore
Event Venue
Nanyang Technological University
Abstract

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) technology demands contradicting rheological requirements associated with the high flowability of printable mixes during the pumping and extrusion stages followed by rapid early age strength development during the placement. These rheological requirements enable ease of pumping and extrusion while attaining high build heights without the plastic collapse or elastic buckling. This paper focuses on developing a two-part mixing system using Hybrid Alkali Activated Cement (HAAC), containing geopolymer slurry and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) slurry as two components, mixed at the print head for meeting the abovementioned rheological requirements. More precisely, the two-part mixes remain highly flowable slurries during the pumping stage, followed by rapid yield stress development after print head mixing to meet the buildability requirements. The proposed methodology is expected to achieve the contradicting rheological requirements for 3DCP while benefiting from the superior strength and durability properties of HAAC. Two HAAC mixes with fly ash replacement levels of 12.5% and 25% with OPC were prepared to compare the fresh and hardened properties with a control mix made of geopolymer 3D printable concrete. The early age yield stress development of HAAC mixes, measured by the slow penetration test, demonstrated that the HAAC mixes showed a 10-fold and 17-fold yield stress enhancement, compared to the control mix. Moreover, the measured yield stress of HAAC mixes suggests a print height of 8.7 m and 14.2 m without failing through plastic collapse. Meanwhile, the directional compressive strength of HAAC mixes was improved in all directions, compared to their control mix counterpart. This is demonstrated by the compressive strength enhancement of 4.2% and 23.1% in the longitudinal direction of 3D printed HAAC mixes with 12.5% and 25% fly ash replacement levels.

KeywordsSet-on-demand; 3D Concrete Printing; buildability; rheology; geopolymer
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020330201. Automation and technology in building and construction
400505. Construction materials
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SeriesSpringer Tracts in Additive Manufacturing (STAM)
Byline AffiliationsCentre for Future Materials
Dresden University of Technology, Germany
Swinburne University of Technology
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