The walkable environment: a systematic review through the lens of Space Syntax as an integrated approach

Article

Mehrinejad Khotbehsara, Elham, Yu, Rongrong, Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam, Askarizad, Reza and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy. 2025. "The walkable environment: a systematic review through the lens of Space Syntax as an integrated approach." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-02-2024-0049
Article Title

The walkable environment: a systematic review through the lens of Space Syntax as an integrated approach

ERA Journal ID201499
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsMehrinejad Khotbehsara, Elham, Yu, Rongrong, Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam, Askarizad, Reza and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy
Journal TitleSmart and Sustainable Built Environment
Number of Pages27
Year2025
PublisherEmerald
Place of PublicationUnited Kingdom
ISSN2046-6099
2046-6102
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-02-2024-0049
Web Address (URL)https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/sasbe-02-2024-0049/full/html
Abstract

Purpose – This study reviews research applying Space Syntax, in conjunction with other methodologies, to explore walkability and socio-spatial relations in urban environments, with a particular emphasis on moderate and low-density city centers.
Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, reviewing English- language studies published from 2013 to 2023, involving introduction to research context, information sources and search strategy, screening process and application of eligibility and inclusion criteria to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of relevant papers.
Findings – This research highlights that the predominant focus in the literature has been on high-density city centers in existing Space Syntax studies, revealing a significant gap in understanding socio-spatial dynamics, particularly in moderate- and low-density city centers. Furthermore, this research found that technology-based tools were the most frequently used in past studies, with 454 instances, compared to participatory tools (191 instances) and observational tools (57 instances), when using Space Syntax as an integrated approach to explore socio-spatial relations in urban environments. Moreover, emerging technology-based tools remain the least used technological tools in the literature. Combining these approaches represents a recent trend that could offer valuable insights into pedestrian socio-spatial experiences in both broader urban contexts and smaller-scale city centers.
Originality/value – Unlike previous literature reviews on Space Syntax that neglected its use as an integrated approach, this study uniquely explores the correlation between spatial configurations and human experiences through a review of studies that combine space syntax with other methods, including observational, participatory and technology-based tools to pinpoint the gaps. The research recommends further exploration of pedestrians’ socio-spatial needs by integrating Space Syntax with trends and less-explored technology-based tools.

KeywordsSpace Syntax; Spatial configuration; Integrated approach; Pedestrian; Well-being; Walkability; Literature review
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020330499. Urban and regional planning not elsewhere classified
400501. Architectural engineering
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Byline AffiliationsSchool of Engineering
University of South Australia
Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain
School of Health and Medical Sciences
Centre for Health Research
Manna Institute, Australia
University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Pienaar, Paula R., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., van Mechelen, Willem, Boot, Cecile R. L., Roden, Laura C., Lambert, Estelle V. and Rae, Dale E.. 2021. "Associations between self-reported sleep duration, all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in employed individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis." American Journal of Health Promotion. 35 (6), pp. 853-865. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117121992288
Making the case for 'physical activity security': the 2020 WHO Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour from a Global South perspective
Lambert, Estelle Victoria, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Adlakha, Deepti, Oyeyemi, Adewale, Anokye, Nana Kwame, Goenka, Shifalika, Mogrovejo, Patricia and Salvo, Deborah. 2020. "Making the case for 'physical activity security': the 2020 WHO Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour from a Global South perspective." British Journal of Sports Medicine. 54 (24), pp. 1447-1448. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103524
Trends in Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Among Nationally Representative Samples of United States Adults Between 2011 and 2017
Bennie, Jason A., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Seghers, Jan, Biddle, Stuart J.H. and De Cocker, K.. 2020. "Trends in Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Among Nationally Representative Samples of United States Adults Between 2011 and 2017." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 17 (5), pp. 512-518. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0472
Changes in risk factors for non-communicable diseases associated with the ‘Healthy choices at work’ programme, South Africa
Schouw, Darcelle, Mash, Robert and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy. 2020. "Changes in risk factors for non-communicable diseases associated with the ‘Healthy choices at work’ programme, South Africa." Global Health Action. 13 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1827363
Development of crash modification factors for Intersections in Toowoomba city
Al-Marafi, Mohammad Nour, Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam and Bullen, Frank. 2021. "Development of crash modification factors for Intersections in Toowoomba city." International Journal of Urban Sciences. 25 (1), pp. 104-123. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2020.1743739
Assessing the validity and reliability and determining cut-points of the Actiwatch 2 in measuring physical activity
Kemp, Chadley, Pienaar, Paula R., Henst, Rob H. P., Roden, Laura C., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L. and Rae, Dale E.. 2020. "Assessing the validity and reliability and determining cut-points of the Actiwatch 2 in measuring physical activity." Physiological Measurement. 41 (8), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aba80f
Ten Research Priorities Related to Youth Sport, Physical Activity, and Health
Howie, Erin K., Guagliano, Justin M., Milton, Karen, Vella, Stewart A., Gomersall, Sjaan R., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Richards, Justin and Pate, Russell R.. 2020. "Ten Research Priorities Related to Youth Sport, Physical Activity, and Health." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 17 (9), pp. 920-929. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0151
A retrospective evaluation of a community-based physical activity health promotion program
Draper, Catherine E., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L. and Lambert, Estelle V.. 2009. "A retrospective evaluation of a community-based physical activity health promotion program." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 6 (5), pp. 578-588. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.5.578
Developing crash modification factors for roundabouts using a cross-sectional method
Al-Marafi, Mohammad Nour, Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam and Ayers, Ron. 2020. "Developing crash modification factors for roundabouts using a cross-sectional method." Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering. 7 (3), pp. 362-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2018.10.012
Controversies in the Science of Sedentary Behaviour and Health: Insights, Perspectives and Future Directions from the 2018 Queensland Sedentary Behaviour Think Tank
Biddle, Stuart J. H., Bennie, Jason A., De Cocker, Katrien, Dunstan, David, Gardiner, Paul A., Healy, Genevieve, Lynch, Brigid, Owen, Neville, Brakenridge, Charlotte, Brown, Wendy, Buman, Matthew, Clark, Bronwyn, Dohrn, Ing-Mari, Duncan, Mitch, Gilson, Nicholas, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Pavey, Toby, Reid, Natasha, Vandelanotte, Corneel, ..., Vincent, Grace E.. 2019. "Controversies in the Science of Sedentary Behaviour and Health: Insights, Perspectives and Future Directions from the 2018 Queensland Sedentary Behaviour Think Tank." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (23), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234762
Shift Work and Poor Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Torquati, Luciana, Mielke, Gregore I, Brown, Wendy J, Burton, Nicola W and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L. 2019. "Shift Work and Poor Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies." American Journal of Public Health. 109 (11), pp. e13-e20. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305278
A hard day's night: Time use in shift workers
Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L, Gomersall, Sjaan, Clark, Bronwyn, Torquati, Luciana, Pavey, Toby and Brown, Wendy J. 2019. "A hard day's night: Time use in shift workers." BMC Public Health. 19, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6766-5
Promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour can minimise the risk of suicidal behaviours among adolescents
Khan, Asaduzzaman, Uddin, Riaz and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy. 2019. "Promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour can minimise the risk of suicidal behaviours among adolescents." Acta Paediatrica. 108 (6), pp. 1163-1164. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14749
'In Initiative Overload': Australian Perspectives on Promoting Physical Activity in the Workplace from Diverse Industries
Chau, Josephine Y., Engelen, Lina, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Young, Sarah, Olsen, Heidi, Gilson, Nicholas, Burton, Nicola W., Bauman, Adrian E. and Brown, Wendy J.. 2019. "'In Initiative Overload': Australian Perspectives on Promoting Physical Activity in the Workplace from Diverse Industries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (3), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030516
Optimisation of signal timing for improving traffic flow on a highway segment using TRANSYT7F
Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam and Terramsetti, Anoosha. 2019. "Optimisation of signal timing for improving traffic flow on a highway segment using TRANSYT7F." Advances in Transportation Studies. https://doi.org/10.4399/9788255233488
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and relative weight gain among South African adults living in resource-poor communities: longitudinal data from the STOP-SA study
Okop, K. J., Lambert, E. V., Alaba, O., Levitt, N. S., Luke, A., Dugas, L., Dover, R. V. H., Kroff, J., Micklesfield, L. K., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Warren, Smit, Dugmore, H., Bobrow, K., Odunitan-Wayas, F. A. and Puone, T.. 2019. "Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and relative weight gain among South African adults living in resource-poor communities: longitudinal data from the STOP-SA study." International Journal of Obesity. 43 (3), pp. 603-614. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0216-9
Transforming the workplace environment to prevent non-communicable chronic diseases: participatory action research in a South African power plant
Schouw, Darcelle, Mash, Robert and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy. 2018. "Transforming the workplace environment to prevent non-communicable chronic diseases: participatory action research in a South African power plant." Global Health Action. 11 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1544336
A brief self-directed intervention to reduce office employees’ sedentary behaviour in a flexible workplace
Olsen, Heidi M., Brown, Wendy J., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy and Burton, Nicola W.. 2018. "A brief self-directed intervention to reduce office employees’ sedentary behaviour in a flexible workplace." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 60 (10), pp. 954-959. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001389
Feasibility for the use of a standardized fitness testing protocol among Australian fitness industry professionals
Bennie, Jason A., Wiesner, Glen H., Vergeer, Ineke, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, De Cocker, Katrien, Alexander, Chris and Biddle, Stuart J. H.. 2018. "Feasibility for the use of a standardized fitness testing protocol among Australian fitness industry professionals." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 89 (3), pp. 380-385. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2018.1486965
Changing diet and physical activity in nurses: a pilot study and process evaluation highlighting challenges in workplace health promotion
Torquati, Luciana, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Pavey, Toby and Leveritt, Michael. 2018. "Changing diet and physical activity in nurses: a pilot study and process evaluation highlighting challenges in workplace health promotion." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 50 (10), pp. 1015-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.12.001
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a flexible office-based workplace: employee perceptions and priorities for change
Olsen, Heidi M., Brown, Wendy J., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy and Burton, Nicola W.. 2018. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a flexible office-based workplace: employee perceptions and priorities for change." Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 29 (3), pp. 344-352. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.164
Australian fitness professionals' level of interest in engaging with high health-risk population subgroups: findings from a national survey
Bennie, J. A., Thomas, G., Wiesner, G. H., van Uffelen, J. G. Z., Khan, A., Kolbe-Alexander, T., Vergeer, I. and Biddle, S. J. H.. 2018. "Australian fitness professionals' level of interest in engaging with high health-risk population subgroups: findings from a national survey." Public Health. 160, pp. 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.035
Qualitative evaluation of a physical activity-based chronic disease prevention program in a low-income, rural South African setting
Draper, C. E., Nemutandani, S. M., Grimsrud, A. T., Rudolph, M., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., de Kock, L. and Lambert, E. V.. 2010. "Qualitative evaluation of a physical activity-based chronic disease prevention program in a low-income, rural South African setting." Rural and Remote Health. 10 (3).
Evaluation of a school-based physical activity intervention in Alexandra Township
Draper, Catherine E., de Kock, Lauren, Grimsrud, Anna T., Rudolph, Michael, Nemutandani, Simon, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy and Lambert, Estelle V.. 2010. "Evaluation of a school-based physical activity intervention in Alexandra Township." South African Journal of Sports Medicine. 22 (1), pp. 12-19.
Physical activity advocacy and promotion: the South African experience
Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Bull, Fiona and Lambert, Estelle V.. 2012. "Physical activity advocacy and promotion: the South African experience." South African Journal of Sports Medicine. 24 (4), pp. 112-116.
A systematic review of physical activity-based interventions in shift workers
Flahr, Hannah, Brown, Wendy J. and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L.. 2018. "A systematic review of physical activity-based interventions in shift workers." Preventive Medicine Reports. 10, pp. 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.04.004
From evidence-based research to practice-based evidence: disseminating a web-based computer-tailored workplace sitting intervention through a Health Promotion Organisation
De Cocker, Katrien, Cardon, Greet, Bennie, Jason A., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, De Meester, Femke and Vandelanotte, Corneel. 2018. "From evidence-based research to practice-based evidence: disseminating a web-based computer-tailored workplace sitting intervention through a Health Promotion Organisation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051049
Review of crash prediction models and their applicability in black spot identification to improve road safety
Al-Marafi, Mohammad and Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2018. "Review of crash prediction models and their applicability in black spot identification to improve road safety." Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 11 (5), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i5/119291
Shifting the physical inactivity curve worldwide by closing the gender gap
Mielke, Gregore I., da Silva, Inacio Chrochemore M., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L. and Brown, Wendy J.. 2018. "Shifting the physical inactivity curve worldwide by closing the gender gap." Sports Medicine. 48 (2), pp. 481-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0754-7
A three-dimensional numerical comparison of bearing capacity and settlement of tapered and under-reamed piles
Vali, Ramin, Mehrinejad Khotbehsara, Elham, Saberian, Mohammad, Li, Jie, Mehrinejad, Mojdeh and Jahandari, Soheil. 2019. "A three-dimensional numerical comparison of bearing capacity and settlement of tapered and under-reamed piles." International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 13 (3), pp. 236-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2017.1336586
The relationship between functional status, physical fitness and cognitive performance in physically active older adults: A pilot study
Ramnath, U., Rauch, L., Lambert, E. V. and Kolbe-Alexander, T. L.. 2018. "The relationship between functional status, physical fitness and cognitive performance in physically active older adults: A pilot study." PLoS One. 13 (4), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194918
Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis including dose–response relationship
Torquati, Luciana, Mielke, Gregore I., Brown, Wendy J. and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy. 2018. "Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis including dose–response relationship." Scandonavian Journal of Work Environment and Health. 44 (3), pp. 229-238. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3700
Flexible work: The impact of a new policy on employees’ sedentary behaviour and physical activity
Olsen, Heidi M, Brown, Wendy J., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy and Burton, Nicola W.. 2017. "Flexible work: The impact of a new policy on employees’ sedentary behaviour and physical activity." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 60 (1), pp. 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001190
Experience in the delivery of an engineering capstone design course for Associate Degree program at the University of Southern Queensland
Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2016. "Experience in the delivery of an engineering capstone design course for Associate Degree program at the University of Southern Queensland." Asia Pacific Journal of Contemporary Education and Communication Technology. 2 (3), pp. 64-73.
Overview of reconstruction and redevelopment of key infrastructure facilities in Galle, Sri Lanka
Somasundaraswaran, A. K., Subashini, W.H., Abeyratne, P.K., Wickramage, W.S. and Thuduwage, A.P.. 2007. "Overview of reconstruction and redevelopment of key infrastructure facilities in Galle, Sri Lanka." Liyanage, M. de S (ed.) 3rd Academic Sessions. Matara, Sri Lanka Dec 2006 Galle, Sri Lanka.
The need for safety targets in south Asian developing countries
Somasundaraswaran, K., Bullen, Frank, Ayers, Ron and Heydecker, Benjamin. 2009. "The need for safety targets in south Asian developing countries." 4th International Road Traffic and Accident Database Conference (IRTAD 2009). Seoul, South Korea 16 - 17 Sep 2009 Paris, France.
Gender equality in sport for improved public health
Brown, Wendy J., Mielke, Gregore I. and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L.. 2016. "Gender equality in sport for improved public health." The Lancet. 388 (10051), pp. 1257-1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30881-9
Which Women are Highly Active Over a 12-Year Period? A Prospective Analysis of Data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health
Pavey, Toby G., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Uitdewilligen, Leonie and Brown, Wendy J.. 2017. "Which Women are Highly Active Over a 12-Year Period? A Prospective Analysis of Data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health." Sports Medicine. 47 (12), pp. 2653-2666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0732-0
The economic burden of physical inactivity: a systematic review and critical appraisal
Ding, Ding, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Nguyen, Binh, Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Pratt, Michael and Lawson, Kenny D.. 2017. "The economic burden of physical inactivity: a systematic review and critical appraisal." British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51 (19), pp. 1392-1409. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097385
Sitting time, physical activity and sleep by work type and pattern – The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health
Clark, Bronwyn k., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Duncan, Mitch J. and Brown, Wendy. 2017. "Sitting time, physical activity and sleep by work type and pattern – The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 14 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030290
Participation in fitness-related activities of an incentive-based health promotion program and hospital costs: a retrospective longitudinal study
Patel, Deepak, Lambert, Estelle V., da Silva, Roseanne, Greyling, Mike, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Noach, Adam, Conradie, Jaco, Nossel, Craig, Borrenson, Jill and Gaziano, Thomas. 2011. "Participation in fitness-related activities of an incentive-based health promotion program and hospital costs: a retrospective longitudinal study." American Journal of Health Promotion. 25 (5), pp. 341-348. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.100603-QUAN-172
Construct validity of the neighborhood environment walkability scale for Africa
Oyeyemi, Adewale L., Conway, Terry L., Adedoyin, Rufus A., Akinroye, Kingsley K., Aryeetey, Richmond, Assah, Felix, Cain, Kelli L., Gavand, Kavita A., Kosoma, Sandra S., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Lambert, Estelle V., Larouche, Richard, Moss, Sarah J., Ocansey, Reginald, Onywera, Vincent O., Prista, Antonio, Tremblay, Mark S. and Sallis, James F.. 2017. "Construct validity of the neighborhood environment walkability scale for Africa." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 49 (3), pp. 482-491. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001131
'Be active!' Revisiting the South African food-based dietary guideline for activity
Botha, C. R., Wright, H. H., Moss, Sarah and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L.. 2013. "'Be active!' Revisiting the South African food-based dietary guideline for activity." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 26 (3 (Supplement)), pp. S18-S27.
Non-communicable disease prevention and worksite health promotion programs: a brief review
Kolbe-Alexander, T. L. and Lambert, E. V.. 2013. "Non-communicable disease prevention and worksite health promotion programs: a brief review." Occupational Medicine and Health Affairs. 1 (7), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000141
Innovative strategies targeting obesity and non-communicable diseases in South Africa: what can we learn from the private healthcare sector?
Lambert, E. V. and Kolbe-Alexander, T. L.. 2013. "Innovative strategies targeting obesity and non-communicable diseases in South Africa: what can we learn from the private healthcare sector?" Obesity Reviews. 14 (2 (Supplement)), pp. 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12094
The relationship between leadership support, workplace health promotion and employee wellbeing in South Africa
Milner, Karen, Greyling, Michael, Goetzel, Ron, da Silva, Roseanne, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Patel, Deepak, Nossel, Craig and Beckowski, Meghan. 2015. "The relationship between leadership support, workplace health promotion and employee wellbeing in South Africa." Health Promotion International. 30 (3), pp. 514-522. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dat064
The perceived role and influencers of physical activity among pregnant women from low socioeconomic status communities in South Africa
Muzigaba, Moise, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L. and Wong, Fiona. 2014. "The perceived role and influencers of physical activity among pregnant women from low socioeconomic status communities in South Africa." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 11 (7), pp. 1276-1283. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0386
The Healthiest Company Index: a campaign to promote worksite wellness in South Africa
Patel, Deepak, Goetzel, Ron Z., Beckowski, Meghan, Milner, Karen, Greyling, Mike, da Silva, Roseanne, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Tabrizi, Maryam J. and Nossel, Craig. 2013. "The Healthiest Company Index: a campaign to promote worksite wellness in South Africa." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 55 (2), pp. 172-178. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182728d61
The relationship between workplace environment and employee health behaviors in a South African workforce
Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Greyling, Michael, da Silva, Roseanne, Milner, Karen, Patel, Deepak, Wyper, Lauren, Beckowski, Meghan, Lambert, Estelle V. and Goetzel, Ron. 2014. "The relationship between workplace environment and employee health behaviors in a South African workforce." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 56 (10), pp. 1094-1099. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000236
Nurses’ lifestyle behaviours, health priorities and barriers to living a healthy lifestyle: a qualitative descriptive study
Phiri, Lindokuhle P., Draper, Catherine E., Lambert, Estelle V. and Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L.. 2014. "Nurses’ lifestyle behaviours, health priorities and barriers to living a healthy lifestyle: a qualitative descriptive study." BMC Nursing. 13 (38), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-014-0038-6
Steps that count: physical activity recommendations, brisk walking, and steps per minute - how do they relate?
Pillay, Julian D., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Proper, Karin I., van Mechelen, Willem and Lambert, Estelle V.. 2014. "Steps that count: physical activity recommendations, brisk walking, and steps per minute - how do they relate?" Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 11 (3), pp. 502-508. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0210
The relationship between the built environment and habitual levels of physical activity in South African older adults: a pilot study
Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Pacheco, Kyla, Tomaz, Simone A., Karpul, David and Lambert, Estelle V.. 2015. "The relationship between the built environment and habitual levels of physical activity in South African older adults: a pilot study." BMC Public Health. 15 (518), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1853-8
The association between daily steps and health, and the mediating role of body composition: a pedometer-based, cross-sectional study in an employed South African population
Pillay, Julian D., van der Ploeg, Hidde P., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Proper, Karin I., van Stralen, Maartjie, Tomaz, Simone A., van Mechelen, Willem and Lambert, Eztelle V.. 2015. "The association between daily steps and health, and the mediating role of body composition: a pedometer-based, cross-sectional study in an employed South African population." BMC Public Health. 15 (174), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1381-6
A comparative study of Australian and New Zealand male and female nurses’ health: a sex comparison and gender analysis
Tuckett, Anthony, Henwood, Tim, Oliffe, John L., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L. and Rin Kim, Jae. 2016. "A comparative study of Australian and New Zealand male and female nurses’ health: a sex comparison and gender analysis." American Journal of Men's Health. 10 (6), pp. 450-458. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988314567222
Steps that count: pedometer-measured physical activity, self-reported physical activity and current physical guidelines ‒ how do they relate?
Pillay, J. D., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Proper, K. I., Tomaz, S. A, van Mechelen, W. and Lambert, E. V.. 2014. "Steps that count: pedometer-measured physical activity, self-reported physical activity and current physical guidelines ‒ how do they relate?" South African Journal of Sports Medicine. 26 (3), pp. 77-81. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJSM.534
Steps that count: the association between the number and intensity of steps accumulated and fitness and health measures
Pillay, Julian David, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., van Mechelen, Willem and Lambert, Estelle Vicki. 2014. "Steps that count: the association between the number and intensity of steps accumulated and fitness and health measures." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 11 (1), pp. 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2011-0288
Clustering of risk factors for non-communicable disease and healthcare expenditure in employees with private health insurance presenting for health risk appraisal: a cross-sectional study
Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Conradie, Jaco and Lambert, Estelle V.. 2013. "Clustering of risk factors for non-communicable disease and healthcare expenditure in employees with private health insurance presenting for health risk appraisal: a cross-sectional study." BMC Public Health. 13 (1213), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1213
Steps that count! A feasibility study of a pedometer-based, healthpromotion intervention in an employed, South African population
Pillay, J. D., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Proper, K. I., van Mechelen, W. and Lambert, E. V.. 2014. "Steps that count! A feasibility study of a pedometer-based, healthpromotion intervention in an employed, South African population." South African Journal of Sports Medicine. 26 (1), pp. 15-19. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJSM.500
Promoting diet and physical activity in nurses: a systematic review
Torquati, Luciana, Pavey, Toby, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy and Leveritt, Michael. 2017. "Promoting diet and physical activity in nurses: a systematic review." American Journal of Health Promotion. 31 (1), pp. 19-27. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.141107-LIT-562
NEWS for Africa: adaptation and reliability of a built environment questionnaire for physical activity in seven African countries
Oyeyemi, Adewale L., Kasoma, Sandra S., Onywera, Vincent O., Assah, Felix, Adedoyin, Rufus A., Conway, Terry L., Moss, Sarah J., Ocansey, Reginald, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Akinroye, Kingsley K., Prista, Antonio, Larouche, Richard, Gavand, Kavita A., Cain, Kelli L., Lambert, Estelle V., Aryeetey, Richmond, Bartels, Clare, Tremblay, Mark S. and Sallis, James F.. 2016. "NEWS for Africa: adaptation and reliability of a built environment questionnaire for physical activity in seven African countries." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 13 (33), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0357-y
Diet and physical activity behaviour in nurses: a qualitative study
Torquati, Luciana, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L, Pavey, Toby, Perrson, Christina and Leveritt, Michael. 2016. "Diet and physical activity behaviour in nurses: a qualitative study." International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. 54 (6), pp. 268-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2016.1169943
The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases
Ding, Ding, Lawson, Kenny D., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Finkelstein, Eric A., Katzmarzyk, Peter T., van Mechelen, Willem and Pratt, Michael. 2016. "The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases." The Lancet. 388 (10051), pp. 1311-1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30383-X
Can the use of Bus Rapid Transit lead to a healthier lifestyle in urban South Africa? The SUN Study
Bartels, Clare, Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Behrens, Roger, Hendricks, Sharief and Lambert, Estelle V.. 2016. "Can the use of Bus Rapid Transit lead to a healthier lifestyle in urban South Africa? The SUN Study." Journal of Transport and Health. 3 (2), pp. 200-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.04.003
Cardiovascular fitness is associated with bias between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity
Tomaz, S. A., Lambert, E. V., Karpul, D. and Kolbe-Alexander, T. L.. 2016. "Cardiovascular fitness is associated with bias between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity." European Journal of Sport Science. 16 (1), pp. 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.987323
Working on wellness (WOW): a worksite health promotion intervention programme
Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy L., Proper, Karin I., Lambert, Estelle V., van Wier, Marieke F., Pillay, Julian D., Nossel, Craig, Adonis, Leegale and Van Mechelen, Willem. 2012. "Working on wellness (WOW): a worksite health promotion intervention programme." BMC Public Health. 12 (1), pp. 372-383. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-372
Steps that count!: The development of a pedometer-based health promotion intervention in an employed, health insured South African population
Pillay, Julian D., Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy, Proper, Karin I., van Mechelen, Willem and Lambert, Estelle V.. 2012. "Steps that count!: The development of a pedometer-based health promotion intervention in an employed, health insured South African population." BMC Public Health. 12 (1), pp. 880-887. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-880
Rehabilitation works in Queensland using foamed bituminous stabilisation
Logitharan, Lokanantham R., Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam and Ramanujam, Jothi M.. 2015. "Rehabilitation works in Queensland using foamed bituminous stabilisation." International Journal of GEOMATE. 8 (16), pp. 1308-1315.
Analysis of road crashes at roundabout in Toowoomba
Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam and Russell, Lauren. 2015. "Analysis of road crashes at roundabout in Toowoomba." Conference of ASEAN Road Safety (CARS2015). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 03 - 06 Nov 2015 Malaysia.
Evaluation of strength characteristics of recycled asphalt pavement materials
Neumann, Philip M. and Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2014. "Evaluation of strength characteristics of recycled asphalt pavement materials." 26th Australian Road Research Board Conference (ARRB 2014): Research Driving Efficiency. Sydney, Australia 19 - 22 Oct 2014 Sydney, Australia.
Recent foamed bituminous stabilisation works in Queensland
Logitharan, Lokanantham, Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam and Ramanujam, Jothi M.. 2014. "Recent foamed bituminous stabilisation works in Queensland." Hossain, Zakaria and Shiau, Jim (ed.) 4th International Conference on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment (GEOMATE 2014). Brisbane, Australia 19 - 21 Nov 2014 Mie, Japan.
Recent design strategies adapted for foamed bituminous stabilisation in flexible pavement rehabilitation works in Queensland
Logitharan, R. L., Somasundaraswaran, K. and Ramanujam, J. M.. 2015. "Recent design strategies adapted for foamed bituminous stabilisation in flexible pavement rehabilitation works in Queensland." Oka, Fusao, Murakami, Akira, Uzuoka, Ryosuke and Kimoto, Sayuri (ed.) 14th Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Recent Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG 2014). Kyoto, Japan 22 - 25 Sep 2014 London, United Kingdom.
The safety benefit of wide centerline treatments utilizing audio-tactile line-marking on undivided highways
Whittaker, Adam and Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2013. "The safety benefit of wide centerline treatments utilizing audio-tactile line-marking on undivided highways." 14th Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia Conference (REAAA 2013): The Road Factor in Economic Transformation. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 26 - 28 Mar 2013 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Development and traffic flow at Bandaranaike International Airport in Sri Lanka
Somasundaraswaran, K.. 2008. "Development and traffic flow at Bandaranaike International Airport in Sri Lanka." Aerlines.
Traffic flow modelling for an urban arterial road in Brisbane City
Al-Nuaimi, Hamdi, Ayers, Ron and Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2013. "Traffic flow modelling for an urban arterial road in Brisbane City." 14th Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia Conference (REAAA 2013): The Road Factor in Economic Transformation. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 26 - 28 Mar 2013 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The effectiveness of using variable speed limit on the performance of an interrupted flow
Al-Nuaimi, Hamdi, Ayers, Ron and Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2012. "The effectiveness of using variable speed limit on the performance of an interrupted flow." Chen, B. M., Khan, M. T. and Tan, K. -K (ed.) IASTED International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science (EAS 2012): Applications for the 21st Century. Colombo, Sri Lanka 27 - 29 Dec 2012 Calgary, Canada. https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2012.785-065
Impact of the application of international quality processes on engineering education at universities in Sri Lanka
Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2012. "Impact of the application of international quality processes on engineering education at universities in Sri Lanka." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice. 138 (3), pp. 193-197. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000100
An overview of engineering education in Sri Lanka
Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2009. "An overview of engineering education in Sri Lanka." Kestell, Colin, Grainger, Steven and Cheung, John (ed.) 20th Annual Conference for the Australasian Association of Engineering Education (AAEE 2009). Adelaide, Australia 06 - 09 Dec 2009 Adelaide, Australia.
The use of road safety target setting in fatality and injury reduction
Somasundaraswaran, K., Bullen, F. and Ayers, R.. 2010. "The use of road safety target setting in fatality and injury reduction." 24th Australian Road Research Board Conference (ARRB 2010): Building on 50 Years of Road and Transport Research. Melbourne, Australia 12 - 15 Oct 2010 Melbourne, Australia.
The road safety: a special sign for unfamiliar drivers
Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2010. "The road safety: a special sign for unfamiliar drivers." Goh, Steven C. and Wang, Hao (ed.) 2010 Southern Region Engineering Conference (SREC 2010). Toowoomba, Australia 11 - 12 Nov 2010 Toowoomba, Australia.
Addressing difficulties in rural estates with limited education facilities: a research study for uplifting social harmony
Ranasinghe, R. H. C. C. and Somasundaraswaran, A. K.. 2006. "Addressing difficulties in rural estates with limited education facilities: a research study for uplifting social harmony." Liyanage, M. de. S. (ed.) Third Academic Sessions, University of Ruhuna. Galle, Sri Lanka Dec 2005 Galle, Sri Lanka.
Self-reported differences between crash-involved and non-crash-involved three-wheeler drivers in Sri Lanka
Somasundaraswaran, A. K. and Tay, Richard. 2006. "Self-reported differences between crash-involved and non-crash-involved three-wheeler drivers in Sri Lanka." IATSS Research. 30 (1), pp. 68-72.
Evaluation of level of service for transfer passengers at airports
de Barros, Alexandre G., Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam and Wirasinghe, S. C.. 2007. "Evaluation of level of service for transfer passengers at airports." Journal of Air Transport Management. 13 (5), pp. 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2007.04.004
Accident statistics in Sri Lanka
Somasundaraswaran, Kathirgamalingam. 2006. "Accident statistics in Sri Lanka." IATSS Research. 30 (1), pp. 115-117.
Results of surveys among drivers and customers of for-hire three-wheelers in five small towns in Sri Lanka
Somasundaraswaran, A. K.. 2008. "Results of surveys among drivers and customers of for-hire three-wheelers in five small towns in Sri Lanka." Asia Pacific Development Journal. 15 (1), pp. 119-135.