Molecular identification of fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids

Poster


Dearnaley, John. 2006. "Molecular identification of fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids." Meyer, Wieland (ed.) 8th International Mycological Congress (IMC8). Cairns, Australia 20 - 25 Aug 2006 Australia.
Paper/Presentation Title

Molecular identification of fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids

Presentation TypePoster
Authors
AuthorDearnaley, John
EditorsMeyer, Wieland
Journal or Proceedings TitleInternational Proceedings - 8th Mycological Congress
Year2006
Place of PublicationAustralia
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttp://www.sapmea.asn.au/conventions/imc8/index.html
Conference/Event8th International Mycological Congress (IMC8)
Event Details
8th International Mycological Congress (IMC8)
Event Date
20 to end of 25 Aug 2006
Event Location
Cairns, Australia
Abstract

[Abstract]: All orchids rely on fungal endophytes for seed germination and growth. Conservation of rare orchid species requires identification of these associated fungi, both for ex situ growth and reintroduction to the wild. The fungal endophytes of Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids have remained unidentified to date as they have been difficult to isolate into pure culture. In this study, direct PCR of colonised orchid roots, cloning and sequencing of fungal ITS regions have been used to identify the fungal endophytes of three species of Australian myco-heterotrophic orchid, namely Dipodium variegatum, Dipodium hamiltonianum and Erythrorchis cassythoides.

Genomic DNA was extracted from colonized roots of the three orchids from sites in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Fungal DNA was amplified with ITS1F and ITS4 primers and transformed into E. coli. Recombinant plasmids were isolated and fungal ITS inserts sequenced using the T7 primer. Sequences were compared with fungal ITS sequences in Genbank using BLAST searches.

The fungal community of Dipodium variegatum included Russula, Verticillium and Trichoderma spp. The fungal community of Dipodium hamiltonianum consisted of Russula, Gymnomyces and Penicillium spp. Analysis of the fungal endophytes of Erythrorchis cassythoides suggests that the orchid is colonized by both ectomycorrhizal fungi such as Russula, Coltricia and Sebacina as well as the saprotrophic Gymnopus.

These results suggest that like North American myco-heterotrophic orchids, Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids are commonly colonised by members of the Russulaceae. Conservation strategies for these orchids will require growth of these fungi under laboratory conditions and, as there are such techniques now available, this is a realistic proposition. As these fungi are ectomycorrhizal and the three orchid species typically grow at the base of Eucalyptus, the orchids may be indirect parasites on the trees but this remains to be proven. The involvement of Gymnomyces spp as endophytes in D. hamiltonianum may be one reason why this orchid is becoming rare as the fruit bodies of this species are much sort after food of fungivorous marsupials which may act as dispersal agents for fungal spores. The occurrence of both ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi as endophytes in Erythrorchis suggests that the orchid may be able to survive the death of its host tree by switching from a parasitic mode of nutrition to a saprophytic one.

Keywordsmolecular identification, fungal endophytes, myco-heterotrophic orchids, Australia, Australian
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020310803. Plant cell and molecular biology
310705. Mycology
310804. Plant developmental and reproductive biology
Public Notes

Conference talk presentation. Abstract only available. No evidence of copyright restrictions on web site.

Byline AffiliationsDepartment of Biological and Physical Sciences
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Caelestines A-D, Brominated Quinolinecarboxylic Acids from the Australian Ascidian Aplidium caelestis
Yin, Sheng, Boyle, Glen M., Carroll, Anthony R., Kotiw, Michael, Dearnaley, John, Quinn, Ronald J. and Davis, Rohan A.. 2010. "Caelestines A-D, Brominated Quinolinecarboxylic Acids from the Australian Ascidian Aplidium caelestis." Journal of Natural Products. 73 (9), pp. 1586-1589. https://doi.org/10.1021/np100329w
Phosphate transporter expression in the soybean AM symbiosis
Dearnaley, John, Learmonth, Barbara A. and Bougoure, Damian S.. 2002. "Phosphate transporter expression in the soybean AM symbiosis." 7th International Mycological Congress (IMC7). Oslo, Norway 11 - 17 Aug 2002 Australia.
Orchid mycorrhizas - a disproportionate focus on the minutiae?
Dearnaley, John. 2010. "Orchid mycorrhizas - a disproportionate focus on the minutiae?" 2010 Joint Australasian Mycological Society and the Australian Society for Mycrobiology Meeting. Sydney, Australia 04 - 08 Jul 2010
Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi in Australian threatened plant species
Dearnaley, John D. W., Downie, Alex F., Murray, Andrew J. and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2008. "Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi in Australian threatened plant species." Schenk, Peer (ed.) 1st International Conference on Biotic Plant Interactions (ICBPI 2008). Brisbane, Australia 27 - 29 Mar 2008 Brisbane, Australia.
Molecular identification of a mycorrhizal Sebacinaceae from the endangered Caladenia atroclavia (black clubbed spider orchid)
Dearnaley, J. D. W., Murray, A. J. and Mathieson, M. T.. 2009. "Molecular identification of a mycorrhizal Sebacinaceae from the endangered Caladenia atroclavia (black clubbed spider orchid)." Australasian Mycologist. 28 (2-3), pp. 45-50.
Defence gene expression in single mycorrhizal roots of soybean
Dearnaley, John and Learmonth, Barbara A.. 2003. "Defence gene expression in single mycorrhizal roots of soybean." 4th International Conference on Mycorrhizae (ICOM4) . Montreal, Canada 10 - 15 Aug 2003 Québec, Canada.
The mycorrhizal fungal associations of the vunerable Sophora fraseri (Fabaceae)
Downie, A. F., Le Brocque, A. F. and Dearnaley, J. D. W.. 2008. "The mycorrhizal fungal associations of the vunerable Sophora fraseri (Fabaceae)." Australasian Mycologist. 27 (2), pp. 57-65.
Lantana invades the soil too! Effects of Lantana camara on soil fungal dominance
Case, Heidi, Dearnaley, John and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2008. "Lantana invades the soil too! Effects of Lantana camara on soil fungal dominance." 2008 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2008). Sydney, Australia 01 - 05 Dec 2008 Australia. Ecological Society of Australia.
Endophytic fungi associated with Australian orchids
Dearnaley, John and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2006. "Endophytic fungi associated with Australian orchids." Australasian Plant Conservation: Bulletin of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation. 15 (2), pp. 7-9.
Fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "Fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids." Meyer, Wieland (ed.) 8th International Mycological Congress (IMC8). Cairns, Australia 20 - 25 Aug 2006 Australia.
The fungal endophytes of erythrorchis cassythoides - is this orchid saprophytic or parasitic?
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "The fungal endophytes of erythrorchis cassythoides - is this orchid saprophytic or parasitic?" Australasian Mycologist. 25 (2), pp. 51-57.
The fungal endophytes of dipodium variegatum (orchidaceae)
Bougoure, Jeremy J. and Dearnaley, John. 2005. "The fungal endophytes of dipodium variegatum (orchidaceae)." Australasian Mycologist. 24 (1), pp. 15-19.
ITS-RFLP and sequence analysis of endophytes from Acianthus, Caladenia and Pterostylis (orchidaceae) in southeastern Queensland
Bougoure, Jeremy J., Bougoure, Damian S., Cairney, John W. G. and Dearnaley, John D. W.. 2005. "ITS-RFLP and sequence analysis of endophytes from Acianthus, Caladenia and Pterostylis (orchidaceae) in southeastern Queensland." Mycological Research. 109 (4), pp. 452-460. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620500225X