Purple Pinwheel and more: The Marasmius haematocephalus complex (Marasmiaceae) in Australia

Article

Guard, E.F., Dearnaley, J. and Lebel, T.. 2025. "Purple Pinwheel and more: The Marasmius haematocephalus complex (Marasmiaceae) in Australia." Fungal Systematics and Evolution. 16, pp. 283-305. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2025.16.16
Article Title

Purple Pinwheel and more: The Marasmius haematocephalus complex (Marasmiaceae) in Australia

ERA Journal ID212584
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsGuard, E.F., Dearnaley, J. and Lebel, T.
Journal TitleFungal Systematics and Evolution
Journal Citation16, pp. 283-305
Number of Pages23
Year2025
PublisherWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Place of PublicationNetherlands
ISSN2589-3823
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2025.16.16
Web Address (URL)https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wfbi/fuse/pre-prints/content-fusevol16art16
Abstract

Marasmius haematocephalus forms a distinctive pan-tropical species complex. While it has been confirmed that M. haematocephalus s. s. occurs only in the neotropics, morphologically similar taxa across the world continue to be attributed to this species. Phylogenies utilising nrITS, nrLSU and TEF1, were constructed to identify relationships within the complex, and morphological data used to document and explore the taxa endemic to Australia and those which co-occur in Asia, Madagascar and the USA. Seven new species found in Australia are described and illustrated — M. campaniformis sp. nov., M. pervagatus sp. nov., M. porphyrocephalus sp. nov., M. purpureospadiceus sp. nov., M. vinaceus sp. nov., M. wianwian sp. nov. and M. wunga sp. nov. A key to Australian species of the M. haematocephalus complex is provided. Historic records and observational data (iNaturalist and Atlas of Living Australia) were used to indicate potential distributions of all species within the complex that occur in Australia and explore biogeographic relationships more broadly.

Keywordstaxonomy; colour forms; new taxa; Australian fungi; long-term studies; distribution; cryptic species
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020310705. Mycology
Byline AffiliationsUniversity of Southern Queensland
State Herbarium of South Australia
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Graham, Rachel R. and Dearnaley, John D. W.. 2011. "Biodiversity of fungal endophytes in semi-evergreen vine thickets." Diamandis, Stephanos (ed.) 16th Congress of European Mycologists (CEM 2011). Halkidiki, Greece 19 - 23 Sep 2011 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Orchid mycorrhizas: molecular ecology, physiology, evolution and conservation aspects
Dearnaley, J. D. W., Martos, F. and Selosse, M. -A.. 2012. "Orchid mycorrhizas: molecular ecology, physiology, evolution and conservation aspects." Hock, Bertold (ed.) Fungal associations. Germany. Springer. pp. 207-230
The rare Australian epiphytic orchid Sarcochilus weinthalii associates with a single species of Ceratobasidium
Graham, Rachel Roseanne and Dearnaley, John David William. 2012. "The rare Australian epiphytic orchid Sarcochilus weinthalii associates with a single species of Ceratobasidium." Fungal Diversity. 54 (1), pp. 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0106-0
Australian obligate mycoheterotrophic orchids and their fungal associations
Dearnaley, J. D. W., Le Brocque, A. F. and Bougoure, J. J.. 2011. "Australian obligate mycoheterotrophic orchids and their fungal associations." West, Judy (ed.) IBC 2011: 18th International Botanical Congress. Melbourne, Australia 23 - 30 Jul 2011 Melbourne, Australia.
Morphological and molecular identification of fungal endophytes from roots of dendrobium speciosum
Boddington, M. and Dearnaley, J. D. W.. 2008. "Morphological and molecular identification of fungal endophytes from roots of dendrobium speciosum." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland. 114, pp. 13-17.
Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research
Dearnaley, John D. W.. 2007. "Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research." Mycorrhiza. 17 (6), pp. 475-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-007-0138-1
Pterostylis nutans (Orchidaceae) has a specific association with two ceratobasidium root-associated fungi across its range in eastern Australia
Irwin, Mathew John, Bougoure, Jeremy James and Dearnaley, John David William. 2007. "Pterostylis nutans (Orchidaceae) has a specific association with two ceratobasidium root-associated fungi across its range in eastern Australia." Mycoscience. 48, pp. 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-007-0360-x
Recent studies of the biology of the yellow hyacinth orchid - Dipodium Hamiltonianum
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "Recent studies of the biology of the yellow hyacinth orchid - Dipodium Hamiltonianum." The Orchadian. 15 (3), pp. 129-130.
Expression of a polygalacturonase enzyme in germinating pollen of Brassica napus
Dearnaley, John and Daggard, Grant. 2001. "Expression of a polygalacturonase enzyme in germinating pollen of Brassica napus." Sexual Plant Reproduction. 13 (5), pp. 265-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004970000062
Molecular identification of the primary root fungal endophytes of Dipodium hamiltonianum (Orchidaceae)
Dearnaley, John and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2006. "Molecular identification of the primary root fungal endophytes of Dipodium hamiltonianum (Orchidaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany. 54 (5), pp. 487-491. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT05149
Isotopic and molecular evidence for saprotrophic Marasmiaceae mycobionts in rhizomes of Gastrodia sesamoides
Dearnaley, John D. W. and Bougoure, Jeremy J.. 2010. "Isotopic and molecular evidence for saprotrophic Marasmiaceae mycobionts in rhizomes of Gastrodia sesamoides." Fungal Ecology. 3 (4), pp. 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2009.11.003
Caelestines A-D, Brominated Quinolinecarboxylic Acids from the Australian Ascidian Aplidium caelestis
Yin, Sheng, Boyle, Glen M., Carroll, Anthony R., Kotiw, Michael, Dearnaley, John, Quinn, Ronald J. and Davis, Rohan A.. 2010. "Caelestines A-D, Brominated Quinolinecarboxylic Acids from the Australian Ascidian Aplidium caelestis." Journal of Natural Products. 73 (9), pp. 1586-1589. https://doi.org/10.1021/np100329w
Phosphate transporter expression in the soybean AM symbiosis
Dearnaley, John, Learmonth, Barbara A. and Bougoure, Damian S.. 2002. "Phosphate transporter expression in the soybean AM symbiosis." 7th International Mycological Congress (IMC7). Oslo, Norway 11 - 17 Aug 2002 Australia.
Orchid mycorrhizas - a disproportionate focus on the minutiae?
Dearnaley, John. 2010. "Orchid mycorrhizas - a disproportionate focus on the minutiae?" 2010 Joint Australasian Mycological Society and the Australian Society for Mycrobiology Meeting. Sydney, Australia 04 - 08 Jul 2010
Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi in Australian threatened plant species
Dearnaley, John D. W., Downie, Alex F., Murray, Andrew J. and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2008. "Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi in Australian threatened plant species." Schenk, Peer (ed.) 1st International Conference on Biotic Plant Interactions (ICBPI 2008). Brisbane, Australia 27 - 29 Mar 2008 Brisbane, Australia.
Molecular identification of a mycorrhizal Sebacinaceae from the endangered Caladenia atroclavia (black clubbed spider orchid)
Dearnaley, J. D. W., Murray, A. J. and Mathieson, M. T.. 2009. "Molecular identification of a mycorrhizal Sebacinaceae from the endangered Caladenia atroclavia (black clubbed spider orchid)." Australasian Mycologist. 28 (2-3), pp. 45-50.
Defence gene expression in single mycorrhizal roots of soybean
Dearnaley, John and Learmonth, Barbara A.. 2003. "Defence gene expression in single mycorrhizal roots of soybean." 4th International Conference on Mycorrhizae (ICOM4) . Montreal, Canada 10 - 15 Aug 2003 Québec, Canada.
The mycorrhizal fungal associations of the vunerable Sophora fraseri (Fabaceae)
Downie, A. F., Le Brocque, A. F. and Dearnaley, J. D. W.. 2008. "The mycorrhizal fungal associations of the vunerable Sophora fraseri (Fabaceae)." Australasian Mycologist. 27 (2), pp. 57-65.
Lantana invades the soil too! Effects of Lantana camara on soil fungal dominance
Case, Heidi, Dearnaley, John and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2008. "Lantana invades the soil too! Effects of Lantana camara on soil fungal dominance." 2008 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2008). Sydney, Australia 01 - 05 Dec 2008 Australia. Ecological Society of Australia.
Endophytic fungi associated with Australian orchids
Dearnaley, John and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2006. "Endophytic fungi associated with Australian orchids." Australasian Plant Conservation: Bulletin of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation. 15 (2), pp. 7-9.
Molecular identification of fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "Molecular identification of fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids." Meyer, Wieland (ed.) 8th International Mycological Congress (IMC8). Cairns, Australia 20 - 25 Aug 2006 Australia.
Fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "Fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids." Meyer, Wieland (ed.) 8th International Mycological Congress (IMC8). Cairns, Australia 20 - 25 Aug 2006 Australia.
The fungal endophytes of erythrorchis cassythoides - is this orchid saprophytic or parasitic?
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "The fungal endophytes of erythrorchis cassythoides - is this orchid saprophytic or parasitic?" Australasian Mycologist. 25 (2), pp. 51-57.
The fungal endophytes of dipodium variegatum (orchidaceae)
Bougoure, Jeremy J. and Dearnaley, John. 2005. "The fungal endophytes of dipodium variegatum (orchidaceae)." Australasian Mycologist. 24 (1), pp. 15-19.
ITS-RFLP and sequence analysis of endophytes from Acianthus, Caladenia and Pterostylis (orchidaceae) in southeastern Queensland
Bougoure, Jeremy J., Bougoure, Damian S., Cairney, John W. G. and Dearnaley, John D. W.. 2005. "ITS-RFLP and sequence analysis of endophytes from Acianthus, Caladenia and Pterostylis (orchidaceae) in southeastern Queensland." Mycological Research. 109 (4), pp. 452-460. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620500225X