Orchid mycorrhizas - a disproportionate focus on the minutiae?

Poster

Dearnaley, John. 2010. "Orchid mycorrhizas - a disproportionate focus on the minutiae?" 2010 Joint Australasian Mycological Society and the Australian Society for Mycrobiology Meeting. Sydney, Australia 04 - 08 Jul 2010
Paper/Presentation Title

Orchid mycorrhizas - a disproportionate focus on the minutiae?

Presentation TypePoster
Authors
AuthorDearnaley, John
Year2010
Web Address (URL) of Paperhttp://www.asm2010.org/program_ams.htm
Conference/Event2010 Joint Australasian Mycological Society and the Australian Society for Mycrobiology Meeting
Event Details
2010 Joint Australasian Mycological Society and the Australian Society for Mycrobiology Meeting
Event Date
04 to end of 08 Jul 2010
Event Location
Sydney, Australia
Abstract

Orchid mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations between fungi and members of the orchid family. The association has been particularly well studied over the last century and much has been learned regarding the anatomy, physiology and ecology of the interaction. Orchids are a significant global horticultural industry, as well, vanilla is a major crop species in tropical regions. Does this warrant the considerable research activity focussed on orchid mycorrhizas or is such study a disproportionate focus on the minutiae?

Increasing our understanding of the interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and orchids has merit for a number of reasons. With more than 25,000 species described, orchids represent a large portion of global botanical diversity. A significant number of orchids appear on world threatened species lists and a more complete understanding of the ecology of such taxa is needed for successful conservation work. Although orchids typically associate with the basidiomycete group of fungi there is considerable diversity in the fungal taxa involved. This now includes not only the well documented heteterobasidiomycete genera (eg. Sebacina, Ceratobasidium, Thanatephorus, Tulasnella), but also a wide cross section of higher basidiomycetes (eg. Coprinus, Russula, Psathyrella, Inocybe, Campanella). Investigation of these associations adds to basic biological understanding of the fungal taxa concerned, as well as completes a broader ecological picture. Recent research has demonstrated orchid mycorrhizas as a true mutualism, with the photosynthetic host providing carbon to its fungal partner in exchange for water and inorganic nutrients. There are two major implications of this. As the association is easy to study in the laboratory (both partners can be axenically cultured) compared to ectomycorrhizas and arbuscular mycorrhizas, orchid mycorrhizas could be used as a general mycorrhizal model. Orchids appear to have carbon inputs into the common mycelial network throughout soils and thus their contribution to ecosystem health should be recognised.

Keywordsorchid mycorrhizas
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020310705. Mycology
Public Notes

This is an unrefereed poster paper. Abstract only published, as supplied here.

Byline AffiliationsAustralian Centre for Sustainable Catchments
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Orchid mycorrhizas: molecular ecology, physiology, evolution and conservation aspects
Dearnaley, J. D. W., Martos, F. and Selosse, M. -A.. 2012. "Orchid mycorrhizas: molecular ecology, physiology, evolution and conservation aspects." Hock, Bertold (ed.) Fungal associations. Germany. Springer. pp. 207-230
The rare Australian epiphytic orchid Sarcochilus weinthalii associates with a single species of Ceratobasidium
Graham, Rachel Roseanne and Dearnaley, John David William. 2012. "The rare Australian epiphytic orchid Sarcochilus weinthalii associates with a single species of Ceratobasidium." Fungal Diversity. 54 (1), pp. 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0106-0
Australian obligate mycoheterotrophic orchids and their fungal associations
Dearnaley, J. D. W., Le Brocque, A. F. and Bougoure, J. J.. 2011. "Australian obligate mycoheterotrophic orchids and their fungal associations." West, Judy (ed.) IBC 2011: 18th International Botanical Congress. Melbourne, Australia 23 - 30 Jul 2011 Melbourne, Australia.
Morphological and molecular identification of fungal endophytes from roots of dendrobium speciosum
Boddington, M. and Dearnaley, J. D. W.. 2008. "Morphological and molecular identification of fungal endophytes from roots of dendrobium speciosum." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland. 114, pp. 13-17.
Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research
Dearnaley, John D. W.. 2007. "Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research." Mycorrhiza. 17 (6), pp. 475-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-007-0138-1
Pterostylis nutans (Orchidaceae) has a specific association with two ceratobasidium root-associated fungi across its range in eastern Australia
Irwin, Mathew John, Bougoure, Jeremy James and Dearnaley, John David William. 2007. "Pterostylis nutans (Orchidaceae) has a specific association with two ceratobasidium root-associated fungi across its range in eastern Australia." Mycoscience. 48, pp. 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-007-0360-x
Recent studies of the biology of the yellow hyacinth orchid - Dipodium Hamiltonianum
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "Recent studies of the biology of the yellow hyacinth orchid - Dipodium Hamiltonianum." The Orchadian. 15 (3), pp. 129-130.
Expression of a polygalacturonase enzyme in germinating pollen of Brassica napus
Dearnaley, John and Daggard, Grant. 2001. "Expression of a polygalacturonase enzyme in germinating pollen of Brassica napus." Sexual Plant Reproduction. 13 (5), pp. 265-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004970000062
Molecular identification of the primary root fungal endophytes of Dipodium hamiltonianum (Orchidaceae)
Dearnaley, John and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2006. "Molecular identification of the primary root fungal endophytes of Dipodium hamiltonianum (Orchidaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany. 54 (5), pp. 487-491. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT05149
Isotopic and molecular evidence for saprotrophic Marasmiaceae mycobionts in rhizomes of Gastrodia sesamoides
Dearnaley, John D. W. and Bougoure, Jeremy J.. 2010. "Isotopic and molecular evidence for saprotrophic Marasmiaceae mycobionts in rhizomes of Gastrodia sesamoides." Fungal Ecology. 3 (4), pp. 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2009.11.003
Caelestines A-D, Brominated Quinolinecarboxylic Acids from the Australian Ascidian Aplidium caelestis
Yin, Sheng, Boyle, Glen M., Carroll, Anthony R., Kotiw, Michael, Dearnaley, John, Quinn, Ronald J. and Davis, Rohan A.. 2010. "Caelestines A-D, Brominated Quinolinecarboxylic Acids from the Australian Ascidian Aplidium caelestis." Journal of Natural Products. 73 (9), pp. 1586-1589. https://doi.org/10.1021/np100329w
Phosphate transporter expression in the soybean AM symbiosis
Dearnaley, John, Learmonth, Barbara A. and Bougoure, Damian S.. 2002. "Phosphate transporter expression in the soybean AM symbiosis." 7th International Mycological Congress (IMC7). Oslo, Norway 11 - 17 Aug 2002 Australia.
Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi in Australian threatened plant species
Dearnaley, John D. W., Downie, Alex F., Murray, Andrew J. and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2008. "Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi in Australian threatened plant species." Schenk, Peer (ed.) 1st International Conference on Biotic Plant Interactions (ICBPI 2008). Brisbane, Australia 27 - 29 Mar 2008 Brisbane, Australia.
Molecular identification of a mycorrhizal Sebacinaceae from the endangered Caladenia atroclavia (black clubbed spider orchid)
Dearnaley, J. D. W., Murray, A. J. and Mathieson, M. T.. 2009. "Molecular identification of a mycorrhizal Sebacinaceae from the endangered Caladenia atroclavia (black clubbed spider orchid)." Australasian Mycologist. 28 (2-3), pp. 45-50.
Defence gene expression in single mycorrhizal roots of soybean
Dearnaley, John and Learmonth, Barbara A.. 2003. "Defence gene expression in single mycorrhizal roots of soybean." 4th International Conference on Mycorrhizae (ICOM4) . Montreal, Canada 10 - 15 Aug 2003 Québec, Canada.
The mycorrhizal fungal associations of the vunerable Sophora fraseri (Fabaceae)
Downie, A. F., Le Brocque, A. F. and Dearnaley, J. D. W.. 2008. "The mycorrhizal fungal associations of the vunerable Sophora fraseri (Fabaceae)." Australasian Mycologist. 27 (2), pp. 57-65.
Lantana invades the soil too! Effects of Lantana camara on soil fungal dominance
Case, Heidi, Dearnaley, John and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2008. "Lantana invades the soil too! Effects of Lantana camara on soil fungal dominance." 2008 Conference of the Ecological Society of Australia (ESA 2008). Sydney, Australia 01 - 05 Dec 2008 Australia. Ecological Society of Australia.
Endophytic fungi associated with Australian orchids
Dearnaley, John and Le Brocque, Andrew F.. 2006. "Endophytic fungi associated with Australian orchids." Australasian Plant Conservation: Bulletin of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation. 15 (2), pp. 7-9.
Molecular identification of fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "Molecular identification of fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids." Meyer, Wieland (ed.) 8th International Mycological Congress (IMC8). Cairns, Australia 20 - 25 Aug 2006 Australia.
Fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "Fungal endophytes in Australian myco-heterotrophic orchids." Meyer, Wieland (ed.) 8th International Mycological Congress (IMC8). Cairns, Australia 20 - 25 Aug 2006 Australia.
The fungal endophytes of erythrorchis cassythoides - is this orchid saprophytic or parasitic?
Dearnaley, John. 2006. "The fungal endophytes of erythrorchis cassythoides - is this orchid saprophytic or parasitic?" Australasian Mycologist. 25 (2), pp. 51-57.
The fungal endophytes of dipodium variegatum (orchidaceae)
Bougoure, Jeremy J. and Dearnaley, John. 2005. "The fungal endophytes of dipodium variegatum (orchidaceae)." Australasian Mycologist. 24 (1), pp. 15-19.
ITS-RFLP and sequence analysis of endophytes from Acianthus, Caladenia and Pterostylis (orchidaceae) in southeastern Queensland
Bougoure, Jeremy J., Bougoure, Damian S., Cairney, John W. G. and Dearnaley, John D. W.. 2005. "ITS-RFLP and sequence analysis of endophytes from Acianthus, Caladenia and Pterostylis (orchidaceae) in southeastern Queensland." Mycological Research. 109 (4), pp. 452-460. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620500225X