Valorisation of technical lignin in rigid polyurethane foam: a critical evaluation on trends, guidelines and future perspectives
Article
Haridevan, Hima, Evans, David A. C., Ragauskas, Arthur J., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K.. 2021. "Valorisation of technical lignin in rigid polyurethane foam: a critical evaluation on trends, guidelines and future perspectives." Green Chemistry. 23 (22), pp. 8725-8753. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1gc02744a
| Article Title | Valorisation of technical lignin in rigid polyurethane foam: a critical evaluation on trends, guidelines and future perspectives |
|---|---|
| ERA Journal ID | 34334 |
| Article Category | Article |
| Authors | Haridevan, Hima, Evans, David A. C., Ragauskas, Arthur J., Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. |
| Journal Title | Green Chemistry |
| Journal Citation | 23 (22), pp. 8725-8753 |
| Number of Pages | 29 |
| Year | 2021 |
| Publisher | The Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Place of Publication | United Kingdom |
| ISSN | 1463-9262 |
| 1463-9270 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1039/d1gc02744a |
| Web Address (URL) | https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/gc/d1gc02744a |
| Abstract | Lignin is one of the most abundant natural polymers. Produced as a by-product from the bio-refinery industries, it remains largely underutilised in high-value industrial applications. The valorisation of lignin in rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has been the focus of research, due to its potential to replace fossil fuel-based components of RPUF. However, the overall sustainability of RPUF depends on numerous factors including processability, cost-effectiveness, and retention of performance throughout the foam's service life. To date, the incorporation of lignin has been explored either as filler particles (through direct incorporation) or as a blendable liquid polyol introduced after chemical modifications (such as oxyalkylation, functionalisation, or depolymerisation). However, the cost-effective production of lignin incorporated RPUF with high performance remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, this review critically appraises the progress on the effective incorporation of lignin in RPUF. Firstly, this review briefly covers the essential raw materials, formulation, important properties, and sustainability of RPUF for industrial applications. Secondly, it provides insights on the key parameters of lignin relevant to its effective incorporation into RPUF. Thirdly, it benchmarks the reported studies on incorporation of lignin in RPUF systems by evaluating their important properties and proposes potential strategies for addressing the key challenges in the incorporation of lignin in RPUF. By bridging the gaps that exist in the literature on the utilisation of lignin in RPUF this account will serve as a resource for the successful development of lignin incorporated RPUF for industrial applications. |
| Keywords | wheat-straw lignin |
| Contains Sensitive Content | Does not contain sensitive content |
| ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 340302. Macromolecular materials |
| Public Notes | The accessible file is the accepted version of the paper. Please refer to the URL for the published version. |
| Byline Affiliations | University of Queensland |
| University of Tennessee, United States | |
| Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States |
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