Towards the future of physics- and data-guided AI frameworks in computational mechanics

Article


Bai, Jinshuai, Wang, Yizheng, Jeong, Hyogu, Chu, Shiyuan, Wang, Qingxia, Alzubaidi, Laith, Zhuang, Xiaoying, Rabczuk, Timon, Xie, Yi Min, Feng, Xi-Qiao and Gu, Yuantong. 2025. "Towards the future of physics- and data-guided AI frameworks in computational mechanics ." Acta Mechanica Sinica (Lixue Xuebao). 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-025-25340-x
Article Title

Towards the future of physics- and data-guided AI frameworks in computational mechanics

ERA Journal ID3656
Article CategoryArticle
AuthorsBai, Jinshuai, Wang, Yizheng, Jeong, Hyogu, Chu, Shiyuan, Wang, Qingxia, Alzubaidi, Laith, Zhuang, Xiaoying, Rabczuk, Timon, Xie, Yi Min, Feng, Xi-Qiao and Gu, Yuantong
Journal TitleActa Mechanica Sinica (Lixue Xuebao)
Journal Citation41
Article Number225340
Number of Pages14
Year2025
PublisherSpringer
Place of PublicationGermany
ISSN0459-1879
0567-7718
1614-3116
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-025-25340-x
Web Address (URL)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10409-025-25340-x
Abstract

The integration of physics-based modelling and data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in computational mechanics, This perspective reviews the development and current status of AI-empowered frameworks, including data-driven methods, physics-informed neural networks, and neural operators, While these approaches have demonstrated significant promise, challenges remain in terms of robustness, generalisation, and computational efficiency, We delineate four promising research directions: (1) Modular neural architectures inspired by traditional computational mechanics, (2) physics informed neural operators for resolution-invariant operator learning, (3) intelligent frameworks for multiphysics and multiscale biomechanics problems, and (4) structural optimisation strategies based on physics constraints and reinforcement learning, These directions represent a shift toward foundational frameworks that combine the strengths of physics and data, opening new avenues for the modelling, simulation, and optimisation of complex physical systems.

KeywordsComputational mechanics; Physics-informed neural network; Operator learning; Biomechanics; Topology optimisation
Contains Sensitive ContentDoes not contain sensitive content
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020401799. Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
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Byline AffiliationsQueensland University of Technology
Tsinghua University, China
School of Business
Centre for Applied Climate Sciences
Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
Bauhaus University Weimar, Germany
Hohai University, China
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Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "A novel approach for numerical simulation of plant tissue shrinkage during drying." Thilakaratne, B. M. K. S., Rathnayake, H. M. A. P., Champa, W. A. H. and Wasala, W. M. C. B. (ed.) International Research Symposium on Postharvest Technology 2014: Safe Food for Healthy Life. Anuradapura, Sri-Lanka 19 Jun 2014 Anuradapura, Sri-Lanka.
Strained graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogen purification
de Silva, S. W., Du, A., Senadeera, W. and Gu, Y.. 2017. "Strained graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogen purification." Journal of Membrane Science. 528, pp. 201-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.034
Physical mechanisms underlying the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of kangaroo shoulder cartilage
Thibbotuwawa, Namal, Oloyede, Adekunle, Li, Tong, Singh, Sanjileena, Senadeera, Wijitha and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Physical mechanisms underlying the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of kangaroo shoulder cartilage." Applied Physics Letters. 107 (10). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4929498
SPH-DEM approach to numerically simulate the deformation of three‑dimensional RBCs in non‑uniform capillaries
Polwaththe-Gallage, Hasitha-Nayanajith, Saha, Suvash C., Sauret, Emily, Flower, Robert, Senadeera, Wijitha and Gu, YuanTong. 2016. "SPH-DEM approach to numerically simulate the deformation of three‑dimensional RBCs in non‑uniform capillaries." BioMedical Engineering OnLine. 15 (2 (Supplement)), pp. 349-370. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-016-0256-0
Novel trends in numerical modelling of plant food tissues and their morphological changes during drying - a review
Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage, C. M., Karunasena, H. C. P., Gu, Y. T., Guan, L. and Senadeera, W.. 2017. "Novel trends in numerical modelling of plant food tissues and their morphological changes during drying - a review." Journal of Food Engineering. 194, pp. 24-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.002
A mesh free model for plant tissue deformations during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "A mesh free model for plant tissue deformations during drying." Australia and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ANZIAM) Journal. 55 (EMAC2013), pp. C110-C137.
Simulation of plant cell shrinkage during drying – a SPH–DEM approach
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "Simulation of plant cell shrinkage during drying – a SPH–DEM approach." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements. 44, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2014.04.004
Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO2 adsorption
de Silva, Suchitra W., Du, Aijun, Senadeera, Wijitha and Gu, YuanTong. 2014. "Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO2 adsorption." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 5, pp. 413-418. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.49
A coupled SPH-DEM model for micro-scale structural deformations of plant cells during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Gu, Y. T. and Brown, R. J.. 2014. "A coupled SPH-DEM model for micro-scale structural deformations of plant cells during drying." Applied Mathematical Modelling: simulation and computation for engineering and environmental systems. 38 (15-16), pp. 3781-3801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.12.004
Investigation of the mechanical behavior of kangaroo humeral head cartilage tissue by a porohyperelastic model based on the strain-rate-dependent permeability
Thibbotuwawa, Namal, Oloyede, Adekunle, Senadeera, Wijitha, Li, Tong and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Investigation of the mechanical behavior of kangaroo humeral head cartilage tissue by a porohyperelastic model based on the strain-rate-dependent permeability." Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 51, pp. 248-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.018
Analysis of strain-rate dependent mechanical behavior of single chondrocyte: a finite element study
Gu, YuanTong, Nguyen, Trung Dung, Oloyede, Adekunle and Senadeera, Wijitha. 2014. "Analysis of strain-rate dependent mechanical behavior of single chondrocyte: a finite element study." International Journal of Computational Methods. 11 (1 (Supplement)), pp. 1344005-1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219876213440052
A particle based model to simulate microscale morphological changes of plant tissues during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Senadeera, W., Brown, R. J. and Gu, Y. T.. 2014. "A particle based model to simulate microscale morphological changes of plant tissues during drying." Soft Matter. 10 (29), pp. 5249-5268. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00526k
Numerical investigation of plant tissue porosity and its influence on cellular level shrinkage during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Gu, Y. T., Brown, R. J. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Numerical investigation of plant tissue porosity and its influence on cellular level shrinkage during drying." Biosystems Engineering. 132, pp. 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.02.002
Application of meshfree methods to numerically simulate microscale deformations of different plant food materials during drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Brown, R. J., Gu, Y. T. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Application of meshfree methods to numerically simulate microscale deformations of different plant food materials during drying." Journal of Food Engineering. 146, pp. 209-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.09.011
Scanning electron microscopic study of microstructure of gala apples during hot air drying
Karunasena, H. C. P., Hesami, P., Senadeera, W., Gu, Y. T., Brown, R. J. and Oloyede, A.. 2014. "Scanning electron microscopic study of microstructure of gala apples during hot air drying." Drying Technology: an international journal. 32 (4), pp. 455-468. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2013.837479
Numerical investigation of case hardening of plant tissue during drying and its influence on the cellular-level shrinkage
Karunasena, H. C. P., Gu, Y.T., Brown, R. J. and Senadeera, W.. 2015. "Numerical investigation of case hardening of plant tissue during drying and its influence on the cellular-level shrinkage." Drying Technology: an international journal. 33 (6), pp. 713-734. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.982759
A constitutive model for mechanical response characterization of pumpkin peel and flesh tissues under tensile and compressive loadings
Shirmohammadi, Maryam, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V. and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "A constitutive model for mechanical response characterization of pumpkin peel and flesh tissues under tensile and compressive loadings ." Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52 (8), pp. 4874-4884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1605-2
Comprehensive Contribution of Filament Thickness and Crosslinker Failure to the Rheological Property of F-actin Cytoskeleton
Li, Tong, Liu, Ling, Hu, Dean, Oloyede, Adekunle, Xiao, Yin, Yarlagadda, Prasad and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Comprehensive Contribution of Filament Thickness and Crosslinker Failure to the Rheological Property of F-actin Cytoskeleton." Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering. 8 (2), pp. 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-015-0382-y
Trans-scale Granular Modelling of Cytoskeleton: a Mini-Review
Li, Tong, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V., Oloyede, Adekunle, Thibbotuwawa, Namal and Gu, YuanTong. 2015. "Trans-scale Granular Modelling of Cytoskeleton: a Mini-Review." Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics. 12 (1), pp. 17-35. https://doi.org/10.3970/mcb.2015.012.017
Tensile properties of Si nanowires with faulted stacking layers
Zhan, Haifei, Gu, Yuantong, Yan, Cheng and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2014. "Tensile properties of Si nanowires with faulted stacking layers." Science of Advanced Materials. 6 (7), pp. 1489-1492. https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2014.1800
Molecular investigation of the mechanical properties of single actin filaments based on vibration analyses
Li, Tong, Gu, Y. T., Oloyede, Adekunle and Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V.. 2014. "Molecular investigation of the mechanical properties of single actin filaments based on vibration analyses." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging and Visualization. 17 (6), pp. 616-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2012.706279
A study on truss bolt mechanism in controlling stability of underground excavation and cutter roof failure
Ghabraie, Behrooz, Ren, Gang, Ghabraie, Kazem and Xie, Yi Min. 2013. "A study on truss bolt mechanism in controlling stability of underground excavation and cutter roof failure." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering: an international journal. 31 (2), pp. 667-682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-013-9617-7
How to increase the accuracy of analysis and reduce the computational time in ANSYS in the case of deformation study of orthopedic bone plates
Malekani, Javad, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V., Schmutz, Beat, Gu, YuanTong and Schuetz, Michael. 2014. "How to increase the accuracy of analysis and reduce the computational time in ANSYS in the case of deformation study of orthopedic bone plates." 3rd International Conference on Materials and Products Manufacturing Technology (ICMPMT 2013). China 25 - 26 Sep 2013 Scientific.Net. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.834-836.1592
Bending properties of Ag nanowires with pre-existing surface defects
Zhan, H. F., Gu, Y. T., Yan, C. and Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V.. 2014. "Bending properties of Ag nanowires with pre-existing surface defects." Computational Materials Science. 81, pp. 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.05.032
Optimal strut-and-tie models in structural concrete members
Liang, Q. Q., Xie, Y. M. and Steven, G. P.. 1999. "Optimal strut-and-tie models in structural concrete members." Topping, B. H. V. and Kumar, B. (ed.) 7th International Conference on Civil and Structural Engineering: Optimization and Control in Civil and Structural Engineering. Oxford, United Kingdom 13 - 15 Sep 1999 Edinburgh, Scotland.
Studies on bending limitations for the optimal fit of orthopaedic bone plates
Malekani, J., Schmutz, B., Gudimetla, P., Gu, Y., Schuetz, M. and Yarlagadda, Prasad. 2013. "Studies on bending limitations for the optimal fit of orthopaedic bone plates." 2nd International Conference on Materials and Products Manufacturing Technology (ICMPMT 2012). 22 - 23 Sep 2012 Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.602-604.1181
Optimal topology selection of continuum structures with displacement constraints
Liang, Qing Quan, Xie, Yi Min and Steven, Grant P.. 2000. "Optimal topology selection of continuum structures with displacement constraints ." Computers and Structures. 77 (6), pp. 635-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(00)00018-3
Optimal topology design of bracing systems for multi-story steel frames
Liang, Qing Quan, Xie, Yi Min and Steven, Grant P.. 2000. "Optimal topology design of bracing systems for multi-story steel frames ." Journal of Structural Engineering. 126 (7), pp. 823-829. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:7(823)
Topology optimization of strut-and-tie models in reinforced concrete structures using an evolutionary procedure
Liang, Qing Quan, Xie, Yi Min and Steven, Grant P.. 2000. "Topology optimization of strut-and-tie models in reinforced concrete structures using an evolutionary procedure ." ACI Structural Journal. 97 (2), pp. 322-330.
Optimal selection of topologies for the minimum-weight design of continuum structures with stress constraints
Liang, Qing Quan, Xie, Yi Min and Steven, Grant P.. 1999. "Optimal selection of topologies for the minimum-weight design of continuum structures with stress constraints ." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 213 (8), pp. 755-762. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954406991522374
A performance index for topology and shape optimization of plate bending problems with displacement constraints
Liang, Qing Quan, Xie, Yi Min and Steven, Grant P.. 2001. "A performance index for topology and shape optimization of plate bending problems with displacement constraints ." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. 21 (5), pp. 393-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00013281
Generating optimal strut-and-tie models in prestressed concrete beams by performance-based optimization
Liang, Qing Quan, Xie, Yi Min and Steven, Grant P.. 2001. "Generating optimal strut-and-tie models in prestressed concrete beams by performance-based optimization ." ACI Structural Journal. 98 (2), pp. 226-232.
Shape optimization of metallic yielding devices for passive mitigation of seismic energy
Ghabraie, Kazem, Chan, Ricky, Huang, Xiaodong and Xie, Yi Min. 2010. "Shape optimization of metallic yielding devices for passive mitigation of seismic energy." Engineering Structures. 32 (8), pp. 2258-2267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.03.028
A moving IRBFN-based integration-free meshless method
Le, Phong B. H., Rabczuk, Timon, Mai-Duy, Nam and Tran-Cong, Thanh. 2010. "A moving IRBFN-based integration-free meshless method." CMES Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences. 61 (1), pp. 63-109. https://doi.org/10.3970/cmes.2010.061.063
A moving IRBFN-based Galerkin meshless method
Le, Phong B. H., Rabczuk, Timon, Mai-Duy, Nam and Tran-Cong, Thanh. 2010. "A moving IRBFN-based Galerkin meshless method." CMES Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences. 66 (1), pp. 25-52. https://doi.org/10.3970/cmes.2010.066.025
Shape and reinforcement optimization of underground tunnels
Ghabraie, Kazem, Xie, Yi Min, Huang, Xiaodong and Ren, Gang. 2010. "Shape and reinforcement optimization of underground tunnels." Journal of Computational Science and Technology. 4 (1), pp. 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1299/jcst.4.51
A coupled numerical approach for nonlinear dynamic fluid‐structure interaction analysis of a near‐bed submarine pipeline
Gu, Y.T. and Wang, Q.. 2008. "A coupled numerical approach for nonlinear dynamic fluid‐structure interaction analysis of a near‐bed submarine pipeline." Engineering Computations: international journal for computer-aided engineering and software. 25 (6), pp. 569-588. https://doi.org/10.1108/02644400810891553
Optimal topology selection of continuum structures with stress and displacement constraints
Liang, Qing Quan, Xie, Yi Min and Steven, Grant P.. 1999. "Optimal topology selection of continuum structures with stress and displacement constraints." Okamura, Hajime and Shima, Hiroshi (ed.) 7th East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction. Kochi, Japan 27 - 29 Aug 1999 Tokyo, Japan.
Topology optimization of strut-and-tie models in non-flexural reinforced concrete members
Liang, Qing Quan, Xie, Yi Min, Steven, Grant P. and Schmidt, L. C.. 1999. "Topology optimization of strut-and-tie models in non-flexural reinforced concrete members." Hadi, Muhammad N. S. and Schmidt, L. C. (ed.) International Conference on Mechanics of Structures, Materials and Systems (1999). Wollongong, Australia 17 - 19 Feb 1999 Wollongong, Australia.
A combined meshfree method and molecular dynamics in the multiscale length simulation
Wang, Q.X., Ng, T.Y., Kam, K.Y., Li, Hua and Fan, X.J.. 2002. "A combined meshfree method and molecular dynamics in the multiscale length simulation." Recent Advances In Computational Science And Engineering. Singapore. World Scientific Publishing. pp. 663–666