Stress-Relaxation and Cyclic Behavior of Human Carotid Plaque Tissue
Article
Article Title | Stress-Relaxation and Cyclic Behavior of Human Carotid Plaque Tissue |
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ERA Journal ID | 200511 |
Article Category | Article |
Authors | Paritala, Paritala, Yarlagadda, Prasad K. D. V., Kansky, Rhys, Wang, Jiaqiu, Mendieta, Jessica Benitez, Gu, YuanTong, McGahan, Tim, Lloyd, Thomas and Li, Zhiyong |
Journal Title | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
Journal Citation | 8 |
Article Number | 60 |
Number of Pages | 13 |
Year | 2020 |
Publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
Place of Publication | Switzerland |
ISSN | 2296-4185 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00060 |
Web Address (URL) | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00060/full |
Abstract | Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a catastrophic event that contributes to mortality and long-term disability. A better understanding of the plaque mechanical behavior is essential for the identification of vulnerable plaques pre-rupture. Plaque is subjected to a natural dynamic mechanical environment under hemodynamic loading. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanical response of plaque tissue under cyclic loading conditions. Moreover, experimental data of such mechanical properties are fundamental for more clinically relevant biomechanical modeling and numerical simulations for risk stratification. This study aims to experimentally and numerically characterize the stress-relaxation and cyclic mechanical behavior of carotid plaque tissue. Instron microtester equipped with a custom-developed setup was used for the experiments. Carotid plaque samples excised at endarterectomy were subjected to uniaxial tensile, stress-relaxation, and cyclic loading protocols. Thirty percent of the underlying load level obtained from the uniaxial tensile test results was used to determine the change in mechanical properties of the tissue over time under a controlled testing environment (Control tests). The stress-relaxation test data was used to calibrate the hyperelastic (neo-Hookean, Ogden, Yeoh) and linear viscoelastic (Prony series) material parameters. The normalized relaxation force increased initially and slowly stabilized toward the end of relaxation phase, highlighting the viscoelastic behavior. During the cyclic tests, there was a decrease in the peak force as a function of the cycle number indicating mechanical distension due to repeated loading that varied with different frequencies. The material also accumulated residual deformation, which increased with the cycle number. This trend showed softening behavior of the samples. The results of this preliminary study provide an enhanced understanding of in vivo stress-relaxation and cyclic behavior of the human atherosclerotic plaque tissue. |
Keywords | carotid plaque; mechanical behavior; tensile test; stress-relaxation test; cyclic test |
ANZSRC Field of Research 2020 | 4003. Biomedical engineering |
Byline Affiliations | Queensland University of Technology |
Princess Alexandra Hospital, Australia |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/y186x/stress-relaxation-and-cyclic-behavior-of-human-carotid-plaque-tissue
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